Chapter 428a

COMMERCIAL AND CUSTOMER-FORMULA FEEDS

Note: Readers should refer to the 2024 Supplement, revised to January 1, 2024, for updated versions of statutes amended, repealed or added during the 2023 legislative sessions.

Secs. 22-118a to 22-118j. Commercial and customer-formula feeds, generally.

Sec. 22-118l. Registration of commercial feed manufacturers and sellers. Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal of registration. Fines. Appeals.

Sec. 22-118m. Labeling of commercial feed.

Sec. 22-118n. Misbranding of commercial feed.

Sec. 22-118o. Adulteration of commercial feed.

Sec. 22-118p. Prohibited acts.

Sec. 22-118q. Regulations governing commercial feeds and pet foods.

Sec. 22-118r. Inspection of commercial feed facilities.

Sec. 22-118s. Orders of commissioner. Seizure of feed.

Sec. 22-118t. Interstate agreements.

Sec. 22-118u. Annual report on feed analyses.

Sec. 22-118v. Termination of statutory provisions.

Secs. 22-118a to 22-118j. Commercial and customer-formula feeds, generally. Sections 22-118a to 22-118j, inclusive, are repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

(February, 1965, P.A. 296, S. 1–10; P.A. 73-278, S. 13–21; P.A. 76-436, S. 450, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 5, 127; P.A. 82-91, S. 10, 38; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6, S. 47, 117; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-79, S. 85, 189; 95-220, S. 4–6; P.A. 98-69, S. 13, 14.)

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Sec. 22-118k. Definitions. As used in sections 22-118k to 22-118u:

(1) “Person” means an individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company or association;

(2) “Distribute” means to offer for sale, sell, exchange or barter, or to supply, furnish or otherwise provide;

(3) “Distributor” means any person who distributes;

(4) “Commercial feed” means all materials which are distributed or intended for distribution for use as feed or for mixing in feed, but does not mean (A) unmixed whole seeds and physically altered entire unmixed seeds, when such whole or physically altered seeds are not chemically changed or are not adulterated within the meaning of section 22-118o, and (B) commodities such as hay, straw, stover, silage, cobs, husks, hulls and individual chemical compounds or substances when such commodities, compounds or substances are not intermixed with other materials, and are not adulterated within the meaning of section 22-118o;

(5) “Feed ingredient” means each of the constituent materials making up a commercial feed;

(6) “Mineral feed” means a commercial feed intended to supply primarily mineral elements or inorganic nutrients;

(7) “Drug” means any substance intended for use in the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment or prevention of disease in animals other than natural persons and substances other than feed intended to affect the structure or any function of the animal body;

(8) “Customer-formula feed” means commercial feed which consists of a mixture of commercial feeds or feed ingredients each batch of which is manufactured according to the specific instructions of the final purchaser;

(9) “Manufacture” means to grind, mix or blend or further process a commercial feed for distribution;

(10) “Brand name” means any word, name, symbol or device, or any combination thereof, identifying the commercial feed of a distributor or registrant and distinguishing it from that of others;

(11) “Product name” means the name of the commercial feed which identifies it as to kind, class or specific use;

(12) “Label” means a display of written, printed or graphic matter upon or affixed to the container in which a commercial feed is distributed, or on the invoice or delivery slip with which a commercial feed is distributed;

(13) “Labeling” means any written, printed or graphic matter (A) upon a commercial feed or any of its containers or wrapper, or (B) accompanying such commercial feed;

(14) “Ton” means a net weight of two thousand pounds avoirdupois;

(15) “Per cent” or “percentages” means percentages by weights;

(16) “Official sample” means a sample of feed taken by the Commissioner of Agriculture, or the commissioner's designated agent, in accordance with the provisions of section 22-118r;

(17) “Contract feeder” means a person who, as an independent contractor, feeds commercial feed to animals pursuant to a contract whereby such commercial feed is supplied, furnished or otherwise provided to such person and whereby such person's remuneration is determined all or in part by feed consumption, mortality, profits or amount or quality of product;

(18) “Pet food” means any commercial feed prepared and distributed for consumption by pets;

(19) “Pet” means any domesticated animal normally maintained in or near the household of the owner thereof;

(20) “Specialty pet food” means any commercial feed prepared and distributed for consumption by specialty pets;

(21) “Specialty pet” means any domesticated animal pet normally maintained in a cage or tank, such as, but not limited to, gerbils, hamsters, canaries, psittacine birds, mynahs, finches, tropical fish, goldfish, snakes and turtles;

(22) “Quantity statement” means the net weight (mass), net volume (liquid or dry) or count;

(23) “Commissioner” means the Commissioner of Agriculture; and

(24) “Director” means the director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 1, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 16-102, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118l. Registration of commercial feed manufacturers and sellers. Suspension, revocation, cancellation or refusal of registration. Fines. Appeals. (a) Any person who manufactures commercial feed in this state and who offers such commercial feed for sale shall register with the Commissioner of Agriculture on forms and in a manner prescribed by the commissioner. Commercial feed manufacturing facilities with gross sales of less than twenty-five thousand dollars per year from the sale of commercial feed shall be exempt from the provisions of this section and section 22-118r, except that the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent may investigate any allegation of adulteration, misbranding, illness or injury relating to such commercial feed upon receipt of a written complaint provided the complainant is identified in such complaint. Each commercial feed manufacturing facility registration shall expire on the thirty-first day of December of each year and may be renewed during the month of December. Until such time as regulations are adopted pursuant to section 22-118q to change the annual fee for such registration, the annual fee charged for registration of a commercial feed manufacturing facility employing less than five full-time staff shall be fifty dollars and for any such facility employing five or more full-time staff such annual registration fee shall be one hundred dollars.

(b) No person shall distribute in this state a commercial feed, except a customer-formula feed, which has not been registered pursuant to the provisions of this section. The application for registration shall be submitted in the manner prescribed by the commissioner. Upon approval by the commissioner the registration shall be issued to the applicant. All registrations shall expire on the thirty-first day of December of each year. A distributor shall not be required to register any commercial feed which is already registered under this chapter by another person.

(c) The commissioner may suspend, revoke, cancel or refuse the registration of any commercial feed or commercial feed manufacturing facility that is not in compliance with the provisions of this chapter provided no commercial feed registration shall be refused or canceled unless the registrant is given an opportunity to amend the commercial feed registration application in order to comply with the requirements of this chapter. Any applicant or registrant aggrieved by an order to suspend or revoke a commercial feed or commercial feed manufacturing facility registration or a refusal to register such a feed or facility or cancel the registration of such a feed or facility, and any person aggrieved by the imposition of an administrative fine issued pursuant to subdivision (3) of subsection (d) of this section may appeal to the commissioner, in writing, provided such appeal is received by the commissioner not later than ten days after the date of the order, refusal, notice of cancellation or notice of intent to issue an administrative fine. The appeal and hearing shall be held pursuant to chapter 54 and the administrative code of the department, not later than ninety days after the date of the appeal. Any such appeal shall be limited to consideration of whether the alleged violation or violations that resulted in the applicable order or notice existed. Any applicant or registrant aggrieved by a final decision of the commissioner or the hearing officer may appeal to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed to limit the authority of the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent to issue any order deemed necessary to protect the safety, health and welfare of humans or animals.

(d) (1) After notification of the requirement to register a commercial feed manufacturing facility, any person who fails to register a commercial feed manufacturing facility pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall, for a first violation, be deemed to have committed an infraction, and, for any subsequent offense, be fined five hundred dollars; (2) after notification of the requirement to register a commercial feed, any person who fails to register a commercial feed, as required pursuant to subsection (b) of this section shall be assessed an administrative fine of one hundred dollars. Each commercial feed found in violation shall be considered a separate offense; and (3) for all other violations for which a penalty has not been established, after notification of any violation of the provisions of this chapter or any regulation adopted pursuant to this chapter and an opportunity to correct the violation, any person who violates any provision of this chapter or any such regulation may be assessed an administrative fine of two hundred fifty dollars per violation for a first offense and five hundred dollars per violation for any subsequent offense that occurs within one year of the first offense.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 2, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 16-102, S. 2.)

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Sec. 22-118m. Labeling of commercial feed. (a) A commercial feed shall be labeled as provided in this section.

(b) In case of a commercial feed, except a customer-formula feed, the feed shall be accompanied by a label bearing the following information: (1) The quantity statement; (2) the product name and the brand name, if any, under which the commercial feed is distributed; (3) the guaranteed analysis stated in such terms as the Commissioner of Agriculture, by regulation adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, determines is required to advise the user of the composition of the feed or to support claims made in the labeling. In all cases the substances or elements shall be determinable by laboratory methods such as the methods published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International; (4) the common or usual name of each ingredient used in the manufacture of the commercial feed provided the commissioner, by regulation adopted in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, may permit the use of a collective term for a group of ingredients which perform a similar function, or he may exempt such commercial feeds, or any group thereof, from the requirement of an ingredient statement if he finds that such statement is not required in the interest of consumers; (5) the name and principal mailing address of the manufacturer or the person responsible for distributing the commercial feed; (6) adequate directions for use for all commercial feeds containing drugs and for such other feeds as the commissioner may require by regulation as necessary for their safe and effective use; and (7) such precautionary statements as the commissioner by regulation determines are necessary for the safe and effective use of the commercial feed.

(c) In the case of a customer-formula feed, the feed shall be accompanied by a label, invoice, delivery slip or other shipping document bearing the following information: (1) The name and address of the manufacturer; (2) the name and address of the purchaser; (3) the date of delivery; (4) the product name and quantity statement of each commercial feed and each other ingredient used in the mixture; (5) adequate directions for use for all customer-formula feeds containing drugs and for such other feeds as the commissioner may require by regulation as necessary for their safe and effective use; (6) the directions for use and precautionary statements as required by regulation; (7) if the feed contains a drug, (A) the purpose of the drug or the claim statement, and (B) the established name of each active drug ingredient and the amount of each drug used in the final mixture expressed in accordance with applicable regulations.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 3, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118n. Misbranding of commercial feed. A commercial feed shall be deemed to be misbranded:

(1) If its labeling is false or misleading in any way;

(2) If it is distributed under the name of another commercial feed;

(3) If it is not labeled as required in section 22-118m;

(4) If it purports to be or is represented as a commercial feed, or if it purports to contain or is represented as containing a commercial feed ingredient, unless such commercial feed or feed ingredient conforms to the definition, if any, prescribed by regulation by the Commissioner of Agriculture; or

(5) If any word, statement or other information required by or under authority of sections 22-118k to 22-118u, inclusive, to appear on the label or labeling is not prominently placed thereon with such conspicuousness, compared with other words, statements, designs or devices in the labeling and in such terms as to render it likely to be read and understood by the ordinary individual under customary conditions of purchase and use.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 4, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118o. Adulteration of commercial feed. A commercial feed shall be deemed to be adulterated: (1) If it bears or contains any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render it injurious to health, except that, if the substance is not an added substance, the feed shall not be considered adulterated under this section if the quantity of such substance in the feed does not ordinarily render it injurious to health; (2) if it bears or contains any added poisonous, added deleterious or added nonnutritive substance which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 406 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, other than one which is (A) a pesticide chemical in or on a raw agricultural commodity or (B) a food additive; (3) if it is, or bears or contains any food additive which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 409 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (4) if it is a raw agricultural commodity and it bears or contains a pesticide chemical which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 408(a) of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act except that, if a pesticide chemical has been used in or on a raw agricultural commodity in conformity with an exemption granted or a tolerance prescribed under Section 408 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act and such raw agricultural commodity has been subjected to processing such as canning, cooking, freezing, dehydrating or milling, the residue of such pesticide chemical remaining in or on such processed feed shall not be deemed unsafe if such residue in or on the raw agricultural commodity has been removed to the extent possible in good manufacturing practice and the concentration of such residue in the processed feed is not greater than the tolerance prescribed for the raw agricultural commodity unless the feeding of such processed feed will result or is likely to result in a pesticide residue in the edible product of the animal which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 408(a) of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (5) if it is, or bears or contains, any color additive which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 706 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (6) if it is, or bears or contains, any new animal drug which is unsafe within the meaning of Section 512 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (7) if it consists in whole or in part of any filthy, putrid or decomposed substance, or if it is otherwise unfit for feed; (8) if it has been prepared, packed or held under unsanitary conditions whereby it may have become contaminated with filth, or whereby it may have been rendered injurious to health; (9) if it is, in whole or in part, the product of a diseased animal or of an animal which has died otherwise than by slaughter which death has rendered the product unsafe within the meaning of Section 402(a)(1) or (2) of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (10) if its container is composed, in whole or in part, of any poisonous or deleterious substance which may render the contents injurious to health; (11) if it has been intentionally subjected to radiation, unless the use of the radiation was in conformity with the regulation or exemption in effect pursuant to Section 409 of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act; (12) if any valuable constituent has been, in whole or in part, omitted or abstracted from the feed or any less valuable substance substituted for the feed; (13) if its composition or quality falls below or differs from that which it is purported or is represented to possess by its labeling; (14) if it contains a drug and the methods used in, or the facilities or controls used for, manufacture, processing, or packaging of such drug do not conform to current good manufacturing practice regulations adopted by the Commissioner of Agriculture, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which shall assure that the drug meets the requirements of sections 22-118k to 22-118u, inclusive, as to safety, is properly identified and has the strength and meets the quality and purity characteristics which it purports or is represented to possess. In adopting such regulations, the commissioner shall adopt the current good manufacturing practice regulations for Type A Medicated Articles and Type B and Type C Medicated Feeds established under authority of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, unless he determines that they are not appropriate to the conditions which exist in this state; or (15) if it contains viable weed seeds in amounts exceeding the limits which the commissioner shall establish by such regulations.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 5, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118p. Prohibited acts. The following acts or the causing of such acts within this state are hereby prohibited: (1) The manufacture or distribution of any commercial feed that is adulterated or misbranded; (2) the adulteration or misbranding of any commercial feed; (3) the distribution of agricultural commodities such as whole seed, hay, straw, stover, silage, cobs, husks and hulls, which are adulterated within the meaning of section 22-118o; (4) the removal or disposal of a commercial feed in violation of an order under section 22-118s; or (5) the failure or refusal to register in accordance with section 22-118l.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 6, 14.)

History: P.A. 98-69 effective July 1, 1998.

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Sec. 22-118q. Regulations governing commercial feeds and pet foods. The Commissioner of Agriculture shall adopt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, such regulations for commercial feeds and pet foods as are specifically authorized in sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, and such other reasonable regulations as may be necessary for the efficient enforcement of sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive. In the interest of uniformity the commissioner shall by such regulations adopt, unless he determines that they are inconsistent with the provisions of sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, or are not appropriate to conditions which exist in this state, the following: (1) The official definitions of feed ingredients and official feed terms adopted by the Association of American Feed Control Officials and published in the official publication of that organization, and may incorporate by reference any provisions, or future changes to such provisions, which said association may adopt for the regulation of commercial and customer-formula feeds, and (2) any regulation promulgated pursuant to the authority of the federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 USC Section 301, et seq.) provided the commissioner otherwise has the authority to adopt such regulations. The commissioner may establish fees in such regulations to defray the costs of administering this section.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 7, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 08-13, S. 6.)

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Sec. 22-118r. Inspection of commercial feed facilities. (a) Any designated agent of the Commissioner of Agriculture, upon presenting appropriate credentials, may (1) enter, during normal business hours, any factory, warehouse or establishment within this state in which commercial feeds are manufactured, processed, packed or held for distribution, or to enter any vehicle being used to transport or hold such feeds, (2) inspect at reasonable times and within reasonable limits and in a reasonable manner, such factory, warehouse, establishment or vehicle and all pertinent equipment, finished and unfinished materials, containers and labeling for compliance with the provisions of this chapter, and (3) obtain samples of commercial feeds for laboratory analysis.

(b) Any inspection conducted pursuant to this chapter shall be commenced and completed with reasonable promptness. Upon completion of the inspection, the person in charge of the facility or vehicle shall be so notified.

(c) Whenever the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent has obtained a sample in the course of the inspection, upon completion of the inspection and prior to leaving the premises, the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent shall give to the owner, operator or agent in charge a receipt describing the samples obtained.

(d) If the owner of any factory, warehouse or establishment described in subsection (a) of this section, or such owner's agent, refuses to admit the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent to inspect in accordance with subsections (a) and (b) of this section, the commissioner shall apply to the Superior Court for a warrant directing such owner or such owner's agent to submit the premises described in such warrant.

(e) Sampling and analysis shall be conducted in accordance with methods published by the Association of Official Analytical Chemists International, or in accordance with other generally recognized methods approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration or the commissioner. The report issued by any accredited laboratory acceptable to the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent shall be prima facie evidence of the components and constituents of any sample collected and submitted by the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent. When requested by a registrant, the commissioner or the commissioner's designated agent shall prepare and leave a duplicate sample with the registrant at the location a sample is taken.

(f) The commissioner, in determining for administrative purposes whether a commercial feed is deficient in any component, shall be guided by the official sample, as defined in section 22-118k, and obtained and analyzed as provided in this section.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 8, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 16-102, S. 3.)

History: P.A. 98-69 effective July 1, 1998; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 16-102 amended Subsec. (a) to replace reference to employee duly designated by commissioner with reference to agent of commissioner, delete provision re written notice to owner, operator or agent in charge, add reference to compliance with provisions of chapter in Subdiv. (2), add Subdiv. (3) re obtaining samples for laboratory analysis and delete provision re inspection may include verification of only records and procedures necessary to determine compliance with regulations, amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision re separate notice for each inspection, amended Subsec. (c) to delete provision re officer or employee making inspection and add references to commissioner or commissioner's designated agent, amended Subsec. (d) to replace “may” with “shall” in provision re commissioner applying to Superior Court for warrant, deleted former Subsec. (e) re authority to enter public or private premises, redesignated existing Subsec. (f) re sampling and analysis as Subsec. (e) and amended same to add reference to methods approved by United States Food and Drug Administration or commissioner and add provisions re report issued by laboratory and commissioner or commissioner's designated agent to prepare and leave duplicate sample with registrant, deleted former Subsec. (g) re results of analyses of official samples, redesignated existing Subsec. (h) re determining whether commercial feed is deficient as Subsec. (f), and made technical and conforming changes.

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Sec. 22-118s. Orders of commissioner. Seizure of feed. (a) When the Commissioner of Agriculture, or his designee, has reasonable cause to believe any lot of commercial feed is being distributed in violation of any of the provisions of sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, or any regulations adopted under sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, he may issue and enforce a written or printed withdrawal from distribution order, warning the distributor not to dispose of the lot of commercial feed in any manner until written permission is given by the commissioner or the Superior Court. The commissioner shall release the lot of commercial feed so withdrawn when said provisions and regulations have been complied with. If compliance is not obtained within thirty days, the commissioner may begin, or upon request of the distributor or registrant shall begin, proceedings for condemnation.

(b) Any lot of commercial feed not in compliance with said provisions and regulations shall be subject to seizure on complaint of the commissioner to a court of competent jurisdiction in the area in which said commercial feed is located. In the event the court finds said commercial feed to be in violation of sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, and orders the condemnation of said commercial feed, it shall be disposed of in any manner consistent with the quality of the commercial feed and the laws of the state provided, in no instance shall the disposition of said commercial feed be ordered by the court without first giving the claimant an opportunity to apply to the court for release of said commercial feed or for permission to process or relabel said commercial feed to bring it into compliance with sections 22-118k to 22-118t, inclusive, and regulations adopted thereunder.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 9, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118t. Interstate agreements. The Commissioner of Agriculture may cooperate with and enter into agreements with governmental agencies of this state, other states, agencies of the federal government and private associations in order to carry out the purposes and provisions of sections 22-118k to 22-118u, inclusive.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 10, 14; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

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Sec. 22-118u. Annual report on feed analyses. The director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station shall publish at least annually a report of the results of the analyses of official samples of commercial feeds sold within the state as compared with the analyses guaranteed in the registration and on the label.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 11, 14.)

History: P.A. 98-69 effective July 1, 1998.

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Sec. 22-118v. Termination of statutory provisions. Section 22-118v is repealed, effective April 29, 2008.

(P.A. 98-69, S. 12, 14; P.A. 08-13, S. 7.)

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