CHAPTER 700
PROPERTY AND CASUALTY INSURANCE

PART I
IN GENERAL

      Sec. 38a-307. (Formerly Sec. 38-98). Standard form. Except as provided in section 38a-307a, the standard form of fire insurance policy of the state of Connecticut, with permission to substitute for the word "Company" a more accurate descriptive term of the type of insurer, shall be as follows:

      [Space for insertion of name of company or companies issuing the policy and other matter permitted to be stated at the head of the policy.]

      [Space for listing amounts of insurance, rates and premiums for the basic coverages insured under the standard form of policy and for additional coverages or perils insured under endorsements attached.]

In Consideration of the Provisions and Stipulations
Herein or Added Hereto

AND OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .DOLLARS PREMIUM

to an amount not exceeding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Dollars,
does insure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

and legal representatives, to the extent of the actual cash value of the property at the time of loss, but not exceeding the amount which it would cost to repair or replace the property with material of like kind and quality within a reasonable time after such loss, without allowance for any increased cost of repair or reconstruction by reason of any ordinance or law regulating construction or repair, and without compensation for loss resulting from interruption of business or manufacture, nor in any event for more than the interest of the insured, against all DIRECT LOSS BY FIRE, LIGHTNING AND BY REMOVAL FROM PREMISES ENDANGERED BY THE PERILS INSURED AGAINST IN THIS POLICY, EXCEPT AS HEREINAFTER PROVIDED, to the property described hereinafter while located or contained as described in this policy, or pro rata for five days at each proper place to which any of the property shall necessarily be removed for preservation from the perils insured against in this policy, but not elsewhere. The actual cash value at the time of loss for a building described herein shall be the amount which it would cost to repair or replace such building with material of like kind and quality, minus reasonable depreciation. As used herein, "depreciation" means a decrease in value of real property over a period of time due to wear and tear.

      Assignment of this policy shall not be valid except with the written consent of this Company.

      This policy is made and accepted subject to the foregoing provisions and stipulations and those hereinafter stated, which are hereby made a part of this policy, together with such other provisions, stipulations and agreements as may be added hereto, as provided in this policy.

      In Witness Whereof, this Company has executed and attested these presents.

      .... (Secretary).

      .... (President).

      Concealment, fraud. This entire policy shall be void if, whether before or after a loss, the insured has wilfully concealed or misrepresented any material fact or circumstance concerning this insurance or the subject thereof, or the interest of the insured therein, or in case of any fraud or false swearing by the insured relating thereto.

      Uninsurable and excepted property. This policy shall not cover accounts, bills, currency, deeds, evidences of debt, money or securities; nor, unless specifically named hereon in writing, bullion or manuscripts.

      Perils not included. This Company shall not be liable for loss by fire or other perils insured against in this policy caused, directly or indirectly, by: (a) Enemy attack by armed forces, including action taken by military, naval or air forces in resisting an actual or an immediately impending enemy attack; (b) invasion; (c) insurrection; (d) rebellion; (e) revolution; (f) civil war; (g) usurped power; (h) order of any civil authority except acts of destruction at the time of and for the purpose of preventing the spread of fire, provided that such fire did not originate from any of the perils excluded by this policy; (i) neglect of the insured to use all reasonable means to save and preserve the property at and after a loss, or when the property is endangered by fire in neighboring premises; (j) nor shall this Company be liable for loss by theft.

      Other Insurance. Other insurance may be prohibited or the amount of insurance may be limited by endorsement attached hereto.

      Conditions suspending or restricting insurance. Unless otherwise provided in writing added hereto this Company shall not be liable for loss occurring (a) while the hazard is increased by any means within the control or knowledge of the insured; or (b) while a described building, whether intended for occupancy by owner or tenant, is vacant or unoccupied beyond a period of sixty consecutive days; or (c) as a result of explosion or riot, unless fire ensue, and in that event for loss by fire only.

      Other perils or subjects. Any other peril to be insured against or subject of insurance to be covered in this policy shall be by endorsement in writing hereon or added hereto.

      Added provisions. The extent of the application of insurance under this policy and of the contribution to be made by this Company in case of loss, and any other provision or agreement not inconsistent with the provisions of this policy, may be provided for in writing added hereto, but no provision may be waived except such as by the terms of this policy is subject to change.

      Waiver provisions. No permission affecting this insurance shall exist, or waiver of any provision be valid, unless granted herein or expressed in writing added hereto. No provision, stipulation or forfeiture shall be held to be waived by any requirement or proceeding on the part of this Company relating to appraisal or to any examination provided for herein.

      Cancellation of policy. This policy shall be cancelled at any time at the request of the insured, in which case this Company shall, upon demand and surrender of this policy, refund the excess of paid premium above the customary short rates for the expired time. This policy may be cancelled at any time by this Company by giving to the insured and any third party designated pursuant to section 38a-323a, a thirty days' written notice of cancellation accompanied by the reason therefor with or without tender of the excess of paid premium above the pro rata premium for the expired time, which excess, if not tendered, shall be refunded on demand. Notice of cancellation shall state that said excess premium (if not tendered) will be refunded on demand. Where cancellation is for nonpayment of premium at least ten days' written notice of cancellation accompanied by the reason therefor shall be given.

      Mortgagee interests and obligations. If loss hereunder is made payable, in whole or in part, to a designated mortgagee not named herein as the insured, such interest in this policy may be cancelled by giving to such mortgagee a ten days' written notice of cancellation.

      If the insured fails to render proof of loss such mortgagee, upon notice, shall render proof of loss in the form herein specified within sixty (60) days thereafter and shall be subject to the provisions hereof relating to appraisal and time of payment and of bringing suit. If this Company shall claim that no liability existed as the mortgagor or owner, it shall, to the extent of payment of loss to the mortgagee, be subrogated to all the mortgagee's rights of recovery, but without impairing mortgagee's right to sue; or it may pay off the mortgage debt and require an assignment thereof and of the mortgage. Other provisions relating to the interests and obligations of such mortgagee may be added hereto by agreement in writing.

      Pro rata liability. This Company shall not be liable for a greater proportion of any loss than the amount hereby insured shall bear to the whole insurance covering the property against the peril involved, whether collectible or not.

      Requirements in case loss occurs. The insured shall give immediate written notice to this Company of any loss, protect the property from further damage, forthwith separate the damaged and undamaged personal property, put it in the best possible order, furnish a complete inventory of the destroyed, damaged and undamaged property, showing in detail quantities, costs, actual cash value and amount of loss claims; AND WITHIN SIXTY DAYS AFTER THE LOSS, UNLESS SUCH TIME IS EXTENDED IN WRITING BY THIS COMPANY, THE INSURED SHALL RENDER TO THIS COMPANY A PROOF OF LOSS, signed and sworn to by the insured, stating the knowledge and belief of the insured as to the following: The time and origin of the loss, the interest of the insured and of all others in the property, the actual cash value of each item thereof and the amount of loss thereto, all encumbrances thereon, all other contracts of insurance, whether valid or not, covering any of said property, any changes in the title, use, occupation, location, possession or exposures of said property since the issuing of this policy, by whom and for what purpose any building herein described and the several parts thereof were occupied at the time of loss and whether or not it then stood on leased ground, and shall furnish a copy of all the descriptions and schedules in all policies and, if required, verified plans and specification of any building, fixtures or machinery destroyed or damaged. The insured, as often as may be reasonably required, shall exhibit to any person designated by this Company all that remains of any property herein described, and submit to examinations under oath by any person named by this Company, and subscribe the same; and, as often as may be reasonably required, shall produce for examination all books of account, bills, invoices and other vouchers, or certified copies thereof if originals be lost, at such reasonable time and place as may be designated by this Company or its representative, and shall permit extracts and copies thereof to be made.

      Appraisal. In case the insured and this Company shall fail to agree as to the actual cash value or the amount of loss, then, on the written demand of either, each shall select a competent and disinterested appraiser and notify the other of the appraiser selected within twenty days of such demand. The appraisers shall first select a competent and disinterested umpire; and failing for fifteen days to agree upon such umpire, then, on request of the insured or this Company, such umpire shall be selected by a judge of a court of record in this state in which the property covered is located. The appraisers shall then appraise the loss, stating separately actual cash value and loss to each item; and, failing to agree, shall submit their differences, only, to the umpire. An award in writing, so itemized, of any two when filed with this Company shall determine the amount of actual cash value and loss. Each appraiser shall be paid by the party selecting him and the expenses of appraisal and umpire shall be paid by the parties equally.

      Company's options. It shall be optional with this Company to take all, or any part, of the property at the agreed or appraised value, and also to repair, rebuild or replace the property destroyed or damaged with other of like kind and quality within a reasonable time, on giving notice of its intention so to do within thirty days after the receipt of the proof of loss herein required.

      Abandonment. There can be no abandonment to this Company of any property.

      When loss payable. The amount of loss for which this Company may be liable shall be payable thirty days after proof of loss, as herein provided, is received by this Company and ascertainment of the loss is made either by agreement between the insured and this Company expressed in writing or by the filing with this Company of an award as herein provided. This Company and the insured may agree in writing to a partial payment of the amount of loss as an advance payment. Any advance payment shall be credited against the total amount of loss due to the insured. An advance payment shall not affect the requirement of this Company to pay the total amount of loss not later than thirty days after proof of loss.

      Suit. No suit or action on this policy for the recovery of any claim shall be sustainable in any court of law or equity unless all the requirements of this policy shall have been complied with, and unless commenced within eighteen months next after inception of the loss.

      Subrogation. This Company may require from the insured an assignment of all right of recovery against any party for loss to the extent that payment therefor is made by this Company.

      (1949 Rev., App. A; P.A. 77-199, S. 7, 12; P.A. 02-60, S. 4; P.A. 04-140, S. 2; P.A. 09-164, S. 1; P.A. 11-196, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 77-199 required insurance against "direct loss by fire, lightning and by removal from premises endangered by the perils insured against in this form", required notice to insured of policy cancellation of 30 days rather than 5 days and notice of reasons for cancellations and added special provision re cancellation for nonpayment of premium, and required that proof of loss be given to company within 60 days unless extension granted by company; Sec. 38-98 transferred to Sec. 38a-307 in 1991; (Revisor's note: The references in this section to the date "19.." were changed editorially by the Revisors to "20.." to reflect the new millennium); P.A. 02-60 amended "Cancellation of policy" provisions to reference "any third party designated pursuant to section 38a-323a"; P.A. 04-140 added exception re Sec. 38a-307a, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 09-164 amended "When loss payable" provision by reducing the number of days amount of loss is payable after proof of loss from 60 to 30, and by allowing partial payment as an advance payment with a written agreement, and amended "suit" provision by extending limitation period for filing suit for recovery of a claim from 12 to 18 months; P.A. 11-196 amended actual cash value provision to describe actual cash value amount and define "depreciation", effective January 1, 2012.

      Sec. 38a-313a. Notice to insured re repair or remediation work under a personal or commercial risk policy. Exceptions. Penalty. (a) Prior to commencing any repair or remediation pursuant to a loss occurring on or after October 1, 2011, and covered under a personal risk insurance policy, as defined in section 38a-663, or a commercial risk policy, as defined in section 38a-663, the person who will perform the repair or remediation shall provide an insured with a written notice that indicates the scope of the work to be completed and the estimated total price. Such notice shall not be required for (1) any repair of an automobile that is subject to this chapter, or (2) any repair that is subject to chapter 400.

      (b) If the person performing the repair or remediation fails to provide the written notice in accordance with subsection (a) of this section to an insured, any contract between such person and such insured for such repair or remediation shall be void.

      (c) As used in this section, "remediation" includes, but is not limited to, cleaning services.

      (P.A. 04-108, S. 1; P.A. 11-106, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 11-106 designated existing provisions as Subsecs. (a) and (c), inserted Subsec. (b) re penalty for failure to provide written notice, and made technical changes.

      Sec. 38a-326. (Formerly Sec. 38-185y). History report provided upon nonrenewal or cancellation of commercial risk policy. Claim information provided upon request. Regulations. (a) Whenever a policy for commercial risk insurance, as defined in section 38a-663, is nonrenewed or cancelled for any reason by the insured or by the insurer, the insurer shall furnish the insured with written reports for the insured portion of the period beginning four years prior to the nonrenewal or cancellation date and ending six months prior to that date. Such reports shall include the following: (1) Each policy number; (2) each period of coverage provided; (3) evidence that the reports are furnished by the insurer; (4) written premiums; (5) pricing information as specified by regulations adopted pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and modifications used if requested by the insured; and (6) a detailed listing of incurred losses. If the policy is nonrenewed or cancelled by the insurer for reasons other than those permitting cancellation upon ten days' notice under section 38a-324, such reports shall be provided to the insured first named in the policy or the insured's authorized producer, not later than the date of notice of nonrenewal or cancellation. If the policy is nonrenewed or cancelled by the insured or cancelled by the insurer for any reason for which ten days' notice of cancellation is required under section 38a-324, such reports shall be provided not later than thirty days after receipt of the written request from the insured first named in the policy or the insured's authorized producer. If subsequent reports updating the required information are needed to properly rate or to obtain insurance coverage with a different insurer, such reports shall be furnished by the prior insurer not later than thirty days after receipt of a written request from the insured first named in the policy or the insured's authorized producer.

      (b) An insurer shall provide, not later than thirty days after receipt of a written request by the principal named insured, a summary of policy claim information on a policy for commercial insurance for a period commencing not more than four years prior to the date of the request. Such information shall include the following: (1) Each policy number; (2) each period of coverage; (3) the number of claims; (4) the paid losses of all loss information; and (5) the date of each loss. For purposes of this subsection, "principal named insured" shall not include any additional named insured.

      (c) The Insurance Commissioner may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, as deemed necessary to implement the provisions of this section.

      (P.A. 87-208; P.A. 92-75, S. 1; P.A. 93-239, S. 28; P.A. 96-193, S. 9, 36; P.A. 11-138, S. 1.)

      History: Sec. 38-185y transferred to Sec. 38a-326 in 1991; P.A. 92-75 inserted a new Subsec. (b) requiring an insurer to provide claim information upon the request of the principal named insured and relettered former Subsec. (b) as (c); P.A. 93-239 amended Subsec. (b) deleting the references limiting provisions to commercial automobile insurance or general liability insurance, making subsection applicable to all commercial insurance; P.A. 96-193 substituted "producer" for "agent or broker" in Subsec. (a), effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 11-138 amended Subsec. (a) to change applicability of same from commercial automobile and general liability insurance to commercial risk insurance, change time period for insurers to provide history reports from 60 days to 30 days, and make technical changes, and amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re 30-day time period for insurer to provide claim information to an insured upon request, effective January 1, 2012.

PART II
MOTOR VEHICLE POLICIES

      Sec. 38a-335. (Formerly Sec. 38-175b). Minimum coverages. Applicability. Statement of coverage for rented motor vehicle. (a) Each automobile liability insurance policy shall provide insurance in accordance with the regulations adopted pursuant to section 38a-334 against loss resulting from the liability imposed by law, with limits not less than those specified in subsection (a) of section 14-112, for damages because of bodily injury or death of any person and injury to or destruction of property arising out of the ownership, maintenance or use of a specific motor vehicle or motor vehicles within any state, territory, or possession of the United States of America or Canada.

      (b) Each automobile liability insurance policy issued, renewed, amended or endorsed on or after October 1, 1988, and covering a private passenger motor vehicle as defined in subsection (e) of section 38a-363, shall contain or have attached thereto a conspicuous statement specifying whether the policy provides liability, collision or comprehensive coverage for damage to a rented private passenger motor vehicle and, where the policy provides such coverage, the limit of coverage provided and whether any deductible amount applies.

      (c) Each automobile liability insurance policy issued, renewed, amended or endorsed on or after April 8, 1974, shall provide that if the provisions of the motor vehicle financial responsibility law or the motor vehicle compulsory insurance law or any similar law of any state, territory or possession of the United States of America or any Province of Canada, require insurance with respect to the operation or use of the motor vehicle in such state, territory, possession or province and such insurance requirements are greater than the insurance provided by the policy, the limits of the company's liability and the kinds of coverage afforded by the policy shall be as set forth in such law, in lieu of the insurance otherwise provided by the policy, but only to the extent required by such law and only with respect to the operation or use of the motor vehicle in such state, territory, possession or province; provided the insurance under this subsection shall be reduced to the extent that there is other valid and collectible insurance under such policy or any other motor vehicle insurance policy. In no event shall any person be entitled to receive duplicate payments for the same element of loss.

      (d) With respect to the insured motor vehicle, the coverage afforded under the bodily injury liability and property damage liability provisions in any such policy shall apply to the named insured and relatives residing in such insured's household unless any such relative is specifically excluded by endorsement.

      (1967, P.A. 510, S. 3; P.A. 74-30, S. 1, 2; P.A. 85-13; P.A. 88-157, S. 1; P.A. 90-243, S. 126; P.A. 99-145, S. 3, 23; P.A. 11-19, S. 4.)

      History: P.A. 74-30 clarified applicability re geographical location in Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b); P.A. 85-13 added Subsec. (c), clarifying the applicability of the bodily injury and property damage liability provisions; P.A. 88-157 inserted new Subsec. (b) requiring statement of whether policy provides coverage for rented motor vehicle and the extent of such coverage, relettering existing Subsecs. as necessary; P.A. 90-243 added a reference to "each automobile liability insurance policy" and made technical changes for statutory consistency; Sec. 38-175b transferred to Sec. 38a-335 in 1991; P.A. 99-145 amended Subsec. (b) to substitute "subsection (e) of section 38a-363" for "subsection (g) of section 38a-363", effective June 8, 1999; P.A. 11-19 made technical changes in Subsec. (d).

      Sec. 38a-358. (Formerly Sec. 38-175x). Declination, cancellation or nonrenewal of private passenger nonfleet auto insurance policies prohibited for certain reasons. The declination, cancellation or nonrenewal of a policy for private passenger nonfleet automobile insurance is prohibited if the declination, cancellation or nonrenewal is based: (1) On the race, religion, nationality or ethnicity of the applicant or named insured; (2) solely on the lawful occupation or profession of the applicant or named insured, except that this provision shall not apply to any insurer which limits its market to one lawful occupation or profession or to several related lawful occupations or professions; (3) on the principal location of the insured motor vehicle unless such decision is for a business purpose which is not a mere pretext for unfair discrimination; (4) solely on the age, sex, gender identity or expression or marital status of an applicant or an insured, except that this subdivision shall not apply to an insurer in an insurer group if one or more other insurers in the group would not decline an application for essentially similar coverage based upon such reasons; (5) on the fact that the applicant or named insured previously obtained insurance coverage through a residual market; (6) on the fact that another insurer previously declined to insure the applicant or terminated an existing policy in which the applicant was the named insured; (7) the first or second accident within the current experience period in relation to which the applicant or insured was not convicted of a moving traffic violation and was not at fault; or (8) solely on information contained in an insured's or applicant's credit history or credit rating or solely on an applicant's lack of credit history. For the purposes of subdivision (8) of this section, an insurer shall not be deemed to have declined, cancelled or nonrenewed a policy if coverage is available through an affiliated insurer.

      (P.A. 82-353, S. 16; P.A. 89-192, S. 1; P.A. 10-7, S. 4; P.A. 11-55, S. 19.)

      History: P.A. 89-192 added Subdiv. (7) prohibiting declination, cancellation or nonrenewal of a policy if based on the first or second accident within the current experience period in which the applicant or insured was not convicted of a moving traffic violation and was not at fault; Sec. 38-175x transferred to Sec. 38a-358 in 1991; P.A. 10-7 added Subdiv. (8) prohibiting declination, cancellation or nonrenewal of policy based solely on applicant's or insured's credit history or rating or applicant's lack of credit history and added provision re coverage through affiliated insurer, effective January 1, 2011; P.A. 11-55 amended Subdiv. (4) to prohibit declination, cancellation or nonrenewal solely on the basis of the gender identity or expression of an applicant or insured.