CHAPTER 567*
UNEMPLOYMENT COMPENSATION

      Sec. 31-222. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

      (a) (1) "Employment", subject to the other provisions of this subsection, means:

      (A) Any service, including service in interstate commerce, and service outside the United States, performed under any express or implied contract of hire creating the relationship of employer and employee;

      (B) Any service performed prior to January 1, 1978, which was employment as defined in this subsection prior to such date and, subject to the other provisions of this subsection, service performed after December 31, 1977, including service in interstate commerce, by any of the following: (i) Any officer of a corporation; (ii) any individual who, under either common law rules applicable in determining the employer-employee relationship or under the provisions of this subsection, has the status of an employee. Service performed by an individual shall be deemed to be employment subject to this chapter irrespective of whether the common law relationship of master and servant exists, unless and until it is shown to the satisfaction of the administrator that (I) such individual has been and will continue to be free from control and direction in connection with the performance of such service, both under his contract for the performance of service and in fact; and (II) such service is performed either outside the usual course of the business for which the service is performed or is performed outside of all the places of business of the enterprise for which the service is performed; and (III) such individual is customarily engaged in an independently established trade, occupation, profession or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed; (iii) any individual other than an individual who is an employee under clause (i) or (ii) who performs services for remuneration for any person (I) as an agent-driver or commission driver engaged in distributing meat products, vegetable products, fruit products, bakery products, beverages, other than milk, or laundry or dry-cleaning services, for his principal; (II) as a traveling or city salesman, other than as an agent-driver or commission-driver, engaged upon a full-time basis in the solicitation on behalf of, and the transmission to, his principal, except for sideline sales activities on behalf of some other person, of orders from wholesalers, retailers, contractors, or operators of hotels, restaurants or other similar establishments for merchandise for resale or supplies for use in their business operations; provided, for purposes of subparagraph (B) (iii), the term "employment" shall include services described in clause (I) and (II) above performed after December 31, 1971, if 1. the contract of service contemplates that substantially all of the services are to be performed personally by such individual; 2. the individual does not have a substantial investment in facilities used in connection with the performance of the services, other than in facilities for transportation; and 3. the services are not in the nature of a single transaction that is not part of a continuing relationship with the person for whom the services are performed;

      (C) (i) Service performed after December 31, 1971, by an individual in the employ of this state or any of its instrumentalities or in the employ of this state and one or more other states or their instrumentalities for a hospital or institution of higher education located in this state, provided that such service is excluded from "employment" as defined in the Federal Unemployment Tax Act solely by reason of Section 3306(c)(7) of that act and is not excluded from "employment" under subparagraph (E) of this subdivision;

      (ii) Service performed after December 31, 1977, in the employ of this state or any political subdivision or any instrumentality thereof which is wholly owned by this state and one or more other states or political subdivisions, or any service performed in the employ of any instrumentality of this state or of any political subdivision thereof, and one or more other states or political subdivisions, provided that such service is excluded from "employment" as defined in the Federal Unemployment Tax Act by Section 3306(c)(7) of that act and is not excluded from "employment" under subparagraph (E) of this subdivision; and

      (iii) Service performed after December 20, 2000, in the employ of an Indian tribe, as defined in Section 3306(u) of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act (FUTA), provided such service is excluded from "employment", as defined in the Federal Unemployment Tax Act by Section 3306(c)(7) of that act, and is not excluded from "employment" under subparagraph (E) of this subdivision;

      (D) Service performed after December 31, 1971, by an individual in the employ of a religious, charitable, educational or other organization but only if the following conditions are met: (i) The service is excluded from "employment" as defined in the Federal Unemployment Tax Act solely by reason of Section 3306(c)(8) of that act; and (ii) the organization had one or more employees in employment for some portion of a day in each of thirteen different weeks, whether or not such weeks were consecutive, within either the current or preceding calendar year, or during any thirteen weeks in any calendar year after 1970, regardless of whether they were employed at the same moment of time;

      (E) For the purposes of subparagraphs (C) and (D) the term "employment" does not apply to service performed (i) in the employ of (I) a church or convention or association of churches, or (II) an organization which is operated primarily for religious purposes and which is operated, supervised, controlled or principally supported by a church or convention or association of churches; or (ii) by a duly ordained, commissioned or licensed minister of a church in the exercise of his or her ministry or by a member of a religious order in the exercise of duties required by such order; or (iii) prior to January 1, 1978, in the employ of a school which is not an institution of higher education; after December 31, 1977, in the employ of a governmental entity referred to in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision if such service is performed by an individual in the exercise of duties (I) as an elected official; (II) as a member of a legislative body, or a member of the judiciary, of a state or political subdivision, or of an Indian tribe; (III) as a member of the state national guard or air national guard; (IV) as an employee serving on a temporary basis in case of fire, storm, snow, earthquake, flood, or similar emergency; (V) in a position which, under or pursuant to the laws of this state or tribal law, is designated as (i) a major nontenured policy-making or advisory position, or (ii) a policy-making position the performance of the duties of which ordinarily does not require more than eight hours per week; or (iii) in a facility conducted for the purpose of carrying out a program of rehabilitation for individuals whose earning capacity is impaired by age or physical or mental deficiency or injury or providing remunerative work for individuals who because of their impaired physical or mental capacity cannot be readily absorbed in the competitive labor market by an individual receiving such rehabilitation or remunerative work; or (iv) as part of an unemployment work-relief or work-training program assisted or financed in whole or in part by any federal agency or an agency of a state or political subdivision thereof or of an Indian tribe, by an individual receiving such work relief or work training; or (v) prior to January 1, 1978, for a hospital in a state prison or other state correctional institution by an inmate of the prison or correctional institution and after December 31, 1977, by an inmate of a custodial or penal institution;

      (F) The term "employment" shall include the service of an individual who is a citizen of the United States, performed outside the United States after December 31, 1971, except in Canada after December 31, 1971, and the Virgin Islands after December 31, 1971, and until the day after the day on which the Secretary of Labor accepts an unemployment insurance law submitted by the Virgin Islands, in the employ of an American employer, other than service which is deemed "employment" under the provisions of subdivisions (2) or (3) of this subsection or the parallel provisions of another state's law, if: (i) The employer's principal place of business in the United States is located in this state; or (ii) the employer has no place of business in the United States, but (I) the employer is an individual who is a resident of this state; or (II) the employer is a corporation which is organized under the laws of this state; or (III) the employer is a partnership or a trust and the number of the partners or trustees who are residents of this state is greater than the number who are residents of any one other state; or (iii) none of the criteria of clauses (i) and (ii) of this subparagraph is met but the employer has elected coverage in this state or, the employer having failed to elect coverage in any state, the individual has filed a claim for benefits, based on such service, under the law of this state. (iv) An "American employer", for purposes of this subparagraph, means a person who is (I) an individual who is a resident of the United States; or (II) a partnership, if two-thirds or more of the partners are residents of the United States; or (III) a trust, if all of the trustees are residents of the United States; or (IV) a corporation organized under the laws of the United States or of any state; (v) for purposes of this paragraph "United States" includes the states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands on the day after the day on which the Secretary of Labor accepts an unemployment insurance law submitted by the Virgin Islands;

      (G) Notwithstanding subdivision (2) of this subsection, all service performed after December 31, 1971, by an officer or member of the crew of an American vessel on or in connection with such vessel, if the operating office, from which the operations of such vessel operating on navigable waters within, or within and without, the United States are ordinarily and regularly supervised, managed, directed and controlled is within this state;

      (H) Service performed after December 31, 1977, by an individual in agricultural labor as defined in subparagraph (1)(H)(vi) of this subsection when: (i) Such service is performed for a person who (I) during any calendar quarter in either the current or the preceding calendar year paid remuneration in cash of twenty thousand dollars or more to individuals employed in agricultural labor not taking into account service in agricultural labor performed before January 1, 1980, by an alien referred to in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, or (II) for some portion of a day in each of twenty different calendar weeks, whether or not such weeks were consecutive, in either the current or the preceding calendar year, employed in agricultural labor not taking into account service in agricultural labor performed before January 1, 1980, by an alien referred to in subdivision (ii) of this subparagraph, ten or more individuals, regardless of whether they were employed at the same moment of time; (ii) such service is not performed in agricultural labor if performed before January 1, 1980, by an individual who is an alien admitted to the United States to perform service in agricultural labor pursuant to Sections 214(c) and 101(a)(15)(H) of the Immigration and Nationality Act; (iii) for the purposes of this subsection any individual who is a member of a crew furnished by a crew leader to perform service in agricultural labor for any other person shall be treated as an employee of such crew leader (I) if such crew leader holds a valid certificate of registration under the Farm Labor Contractor Registration Act of 1963; or substantially all the members of such crew operate or maintain tractors, mechanized harvesting or crop-dusting equipment, or any other mechanized equipment, which is provided by such crew leader; and (II) if such individual is not an employee of such other person within the meaning of subparagraph (B) of subsection (a)(1); (iv) for the purposes of this subparagraph (H), in the case of any individual who is furnished by a crew leader to perform service in agricultural labor for any other person and who is not treated as an employee of such crew leader under subdivision (iii), (I) such other person and not the crew leader shall be treated as the employer of such individual; and (II) such other person shall be treated as having paid cash remuneration to such individual in an amount equal to the amount of cash remuneration paid to such individual by the crew leader either on his own behalf or on behalf of such other person for the service in agricultural labor performed for such other person; (v) for the purposes of this subparagraph (H), the term "crew leader" means an individual who (I) furnishes individuals to perform services in agricultural labor for any other person, (II) pays either on his own behalf or on behalf of such other person the individuals so furnished by him for the service in agricultural labor performed by them, and (III) has not entered into a written agreement with such other person under which such individual is designated as an employee of such other person; (vi) for purposes of this chapter, the term "agricultural labor" means any service performed prior to January 1, 1978, which was agricultural labor prior to such date, and remunerated service performed after December 31, 1977: (I) On a farm, in the employ of any person, in connection with cultivating the soil, or in connection with raising or harvesting any agricultural or horticultural commodity, including the raising, shearing, feeding, caring for, training and management of livestock, bees, poultry and fur-bearing animals and wildlife; (II) in the employ of the owner or tenant or other operator of a farm, in connection with the operation, management, conservation, improvement or maintenance of such farm and its tools and equipment, or in salvaging timber or clearing land of brush and other debris left by a hurricane, if the major part of such service is performed on a farm; (III) in connection with the production or harvesting of a commodity defined as an agricultural commodity in Section 15(g) of the Agricultural Marketing Act, as amended (46 Stat. 1550, S. 3; 12 USC 1141j) or in connection with the ginning of cotton, or in connection with the operation or maintenance of ditches, canals, reservoirs or waterways, not owned or operated for profit, used exclusively for supplying and storing water for farming purposes; (IV) (1) in the employ of the operator of a farm in handling, planting, drying, packing, packaging, processing, freezing, grading, storing or delivering to storage or to market or to a carrier for transportation to market, in its unmanufactured state, any agricultural or horticultural commodity; but only if such operator produced more than one-half of the commodity with respect to which such service is performed; (2) in the employ of a group of operators of farms, or a cooperative organization of which such operators are members, in the performance of service described in subclause (1), but only if such operators produced more than one-half of the commodity with respect to which such service is performed; (3) the provisions of subclauses (1) and (2) shall not be deemed to be applicable with respect to service performed in connection with commercial canning or commercial freezing or in connection with any agricultural or horticultural commodity after its delivery to a terminal market for distribution for consumption; or (V) on a farm operated for profit if such service is not in the course of the employer's trade or business. As used in this subdivision, the term "farm" includes stock, dairy, poultry, fruit, fur-bearing animal, and truck farms, plantations, ranches, nurseries, ranges, greenhouses or other similar structures used primarily for the raising of agricultural or horticultural commodities, and orchards;

      (I) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subsection, service with respect to which a tax is required to be paid under any federal law imposing a tax against which credit may be taken for contributions required to be paid into a state unemployment fund or which as a condition for full tax credit against the tax imposed by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act is required to be covered under this chapter;

      (J) After December 31, 1977, the term "employment" shall include domestic service in a private home, local college club or local chapter of a college fraternity or sorority performed for a person who, after December 31, 1977, paid cash remuneration to individuals employed in such domestic service equal to one thousand dollars or more in any calendar quarter in the current or preceding calendar year. For purposes of this subparagraph, "domestic service" includes all service for a person in the operation and maintenance of a private household, local college club or local chapter of a college fraternity or sorority as distinguished from service as an employee in the pursuit of an employer's trade, occupation, profession, enterprise or vocation.

      (2) The term "employment" shall include an individual's entire service performed within, or both within and without, this state, (A) if the service is localized in this state, or (B) if the service is not localized in any state but some of the service is performed in this state, and if (i) the base of operations, or, if there is no base of operations, then the place from which such service is directed or controlled, is in this state, or (ii) neither the base of operations nor the place from which such service is directed or controlled is in any state in which some part of the service is performed but the individual's residence is in this state.

      (3) Services not covered under subdivision (2) of this subsection and performed entirely without this state, with respect to no part of which contributions are required and paid under an unemployment compensation law of any other state, or of the federal government, shall be deemed to be employment subject to this chapter, if the administrator approves the election of the employer for whom such services are performed, that the entire service of the individual performing such services shall be deemed to be employment subject to this chapter.

      (4) Services shall be deemed to be localized within a state if (A) the service is performed entirely within such state, or (B) the service is performed both within and without such state but the service performed without such state is incidental to the individual's service within the state; for example, is temporary, or transitory in nature, or consists of isolated transactions.

      (5) No provision of this chapter, except section 31-254, shall apply to any of the following types of service or employment, except when voluntarily assumed, as provided in section 31-223:

      (A) Service performed by an individual in the employ of his son, daughter or spouse, and service performed by a child under the age of eighteen in the employ of his father or mother;

      (B) Service performed in the employ of the United States government, any other state, any town or city of any other state, or any political subdivision or instrumentality of any of them; except that, to the extent that the Congress of the United States permits states to require any instrumentalities of the United States to make contributions to an unemployment fund under a state unemployment compensation law, all of the provisions of this chapter shall be applicable to such instrumentalities and to services performed for such instrumentalities; provided, if this state is not certified for any year by the Secretary of Labor under Section 3304 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code, the contributions required of such instrumentalities with respect to such year shall be refunded by the administrator from the fund in the same manner and within the same period as is provided in sections 31-268, 31-269, 31-270 and 31-271 with respect to contributions erroneously collected;

      (C) Service with respect to which unemployment compensation is payable under an unemployment compensation plan established by an Act of Congress, provided the administrator is authorized to enter into agreements with the proper agencies under such Act of Congress, to provide reciprocal treatment to individuals who have, after acquiring potential rights to benefits under this chapter, acquired rights to unemployment compensation under such Act of Congress, or who have, after acquiring potential rights to unemployment compensation under such Act of Congress, acquired rights to benefits under this chapter, and provided further, in computing benefits the administrator shall disregard all wages paid by employers who fall within the definition of "employer" in Section 1(a) of the Federal Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act;

      (D) Service performed in this state or elsewhere with respect to which contributions are required and paid under an unemployment compensation law of any other state;

      (E) Service not in the course of the employer's trade or business performed in any calendar quarter by an employee, unless the cash remuneration paid for such service is fifty dollars or more and such service is performed by an individual who is regularly employed by such employer to perform such service. For purposes of this subparagraph, an individual shall be deemed to be regularly employed by an employer during a calendar quarter only if (i) on each of some twenty-four days during such quarter such individual performs for such employer for some portion of the day service not in the course of the employer's trade or business; or (ii) such individual was so employed by such employer in the performance of such service during the preceding calendar quarter;

      (F) Service performed in any calendar quarter in the employ of any organization exempt from income tax under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code or under Section 521 of said code excluding any organization described in Section 401(a) of said code, if the remuneration for such service is less than fifty dollars;

      (G) Service performed in the employ of a school, college, or university if such service is performed (i) by a student who is enrolled and is regularly attending classes at such school, college or university, or (ii) by the spouse of such a student, if such spouse is advised at the time such spouse commences to perform such service, that (I) the employment of such spouse to perform such service is provided under a program to provide financial assistance to such student by such school, college or university, and (II) such employment will not be covered by any program of unemployment insurance;

      (H) Service performed as a student nurse in the employ of a hospital or a nurses' training school chartered pursuant to state law by an individual who is enrolled and is regularly attending classes in such nurses' training school, and service performed as an intern in the employ of a hospital by an individual who has completed a four years' course in a medical school chartered or approved pursuant to state law;

      (I) Service performed by an individual under the age of eighteen in the delivery or distribution of newspapers or shopping news, not including delivery or distribution to any point for subsequent delivery or distribution;

      (J) Service performed by an individual who is enrolled, at a nonprofit or public educational institution which normally maintains a regular faculty and curriculum and normally has a regularly organized body of students in attendance at the place where its educational activities are carried on, as a student in a full-time program, taken for credit at such institution, which combines academic instruction with work experience, if such service is an integral part of such program, and such institution has so certified to the employer, except that this subparagraph shall not apply to service performed in a program established for or on behalf of an employer or group of employers;

      (K) Service performed by an individual as an insurance agent, other than an industrial life insurance agent, and service performed by an individual as a real estate salesperson, if all such service is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission;

      (L) Service performed in the employ of a hospital, if such service is performed by a patient of the hospital, as defined in subsection (h) of this section;

      (M) Service performed by an individual in the employ of any town, city or other political subdivision, provided such service is performed in lieu of payment of any delinquent tax payable to such town, city or other political subdivision;

      (N) Service performed by an individual as an outside sales representative of a for-profit travel agency if substantially all of such service is performed outside of any travel agency premises, and all such service is performed for remuneration solely by way of commission. For purposes of this subparagraph, an "outside sales representative" means an individual whose services to a for-profit travel agency are performed under such travel agency's Airlines Reporting Corporation accreditation, or the International Airlines Travel Agent Network endorsement; and

      (O) Service performed by the operator of an escort motor vehicle, for an oversize vehicle, overweight vehicle or a vehicle with a load traveling upon any Connecticut highway pursuant to a permit required by section 14-270, and the regulations adopted pursuant to said section, provided the following conditions are met:

      (i) The service is provided by an individual operator who is engaged in the business or trade of providing such escort motor vehicle;

      (ii) The operator is, and has been, free from control and direction by any other business or other person in connection with the actual performance of such services;

      (iii) The operator owns his or her own vehicle, and statutorily required equipment, and exclusively employs this equipment in providing such services; and

      (iv) The operator is treated as an independent contractor for all purposes, including, but not limited to, federal and state taxation, workers' compensation, choice of hours worked and choice to accept referrals from multiple entities without consequence.

      (b) (1) "Total wages" means all remuneration for employment and dismissal payments, including the cash value of all remuneration paid in any medium other than cash except the cash value of any remuneration paid for agricultural labor or domestic service in any medium other than cash.

      (2) "Taxable wages" means total wages except:

      (A) That part of the remuneration (i) in excess of seven thousand one hundred dollars paid by an employer to an individual during any calendar year commencing on or after January 1, 1983, (ii) in excess of nine thousand dollars paid by an employer to an individual during the calendar year commencing on January 1, 1994, (iii) in excess of an amount equal to the taxable wages for the prior year increased by one thousand dollars so paid during any calendar year commencing on or after January 1, 1995, but prior to January 1, 1999, or (iv) in excess of fifteen thousand dollars for any calendar year commencing on or after January 1, 1999. This subsection shall not apply to wages paid in whole or in part from federal funds after January 1, 1976, to employees of towns, cities and other political and governmental subdivisions and shall not operate to reduce an individual's benefit rights. Remuneration paid to an individual by an employer with respect to employment in another state or states upon which contributions were required of and paid by such employer under an unemployment compensation law of such other state or states shall be included as a part of remuneration equal to the maximum limitation herein referred to;

      (B) Dismissal payments which the employer who is not subject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act is not legally required to make;

      (C) Payments which the employer is not legally required to make to employees on leave of absence for military training;

      (D) The payment by an employer, without deduction from the remuneration of the employee, of the tax imposed upon an employee under Section 3101 of the Federal Internal Revenue Code with respect to remuneration paid to the employee for domestic service in a private home of the employer or for agricultural labor;

      (E) The amount of any payment excluded from "wages", as defined in Section 3306(b) of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, that is made to, or on behalf of, an employee under a plan or system established by an employer which makes provision for his employees generally or for a class or classes of his employees, including any amount paid by an employer for insurance or annuities, or into a fund, to provide for any such payment, on account of (i) retirement, or (ii) sickness or accident disability, or (iii) medical and hospitalization expenses in connection with sickness or accident disability, or (iv) death. Whenever tips or gratuities are paid directly to an employee by a customer of an employer, the amount thereof which is accounted for by the employee to the employer shall be considered wages for the purposes of this chapter;

      (F) If an employer has acquired all or substantially all the assets, organization, trade or business of another employer liable for contributions under this chapter and has assumed liability for unpaid contributions, if any, due from such other employer, remuneration paid by both employers shall be deemed paid by a single employer for the purposes of this chapter;

      (G) Payment to an employee by a stock corporation, partnership, association or other business entity in which fifty per cent or more of the proprietary interest is owned by such employee or his son, daughter, spouse, father or mother or any combination of such persons, unless the tax imposed by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act is payable with respect to such payment;

      (H) Any remuneration paid by any town, city or other political subdivision to an individual for service performed in lieu of payment of delinquent taxes.

      (3) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this subsection, wages shall include all remuneration for services with respect to which a tax is required to be paid under any federal law imposing a tax against which credit may be taken for contributions required to be paid into a state unemployment fund or which as a condition for full tax credit against the tax imposed by the Federal Unemployment Tax Act are required to be included under this chapter.

      (c) "Administrator" means the Labor Commissioner.

      (d) "Balance in the Unemployment Compensation Fund" shall include the balance in the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund and such amount as may be due to the fund from the state and any town, city or political or governmental subdivision or entity, or any nonprofit organization which is subject to this chapter and which has elected reimbursement in lieu of contributions and shall include any amount due to or from the United States.

      (e) "Calendar quarters" means the quarter years ending on the last day of March, June, September and December, respectively, or the equivalent thereof as the administrator may by regulation prescribe.

      (f) "State" means any state of the United States and shall include the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands on the day after the day on which the Secretary of Labor accepts an unemployment insurance law submitted by the Virgin Islands.

      (g) (1) The "one-year payroll" at the end of a calendar quarter means the amount of wages paid by all employers for employment during such calendar quarter and the three next preceding calendar quarters, including only wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable and including only wages of which the administrator has record on the sixtieth day following the end of such quarter.

      (2) The "five-year payroll" at the end of a calendar quarter means the amount of wages paid by all employers for employment during such calendar quarter and the nineteen next preceding calendar quarters, including only wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable and including only wages of which the administrator has record on the sixtieth day following the end of such quarter.

      (h) "Hospital" means an institution which has been licensed by the Department of Public Health or state Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, for the care and treatment of the sick and injured, and treatment of persons suffering from disease or other abnormal physical or mental conditions.

      (i) "Institution of higher education" means an educational institution which (1) admits as regular students only individuals having a certificate of graduation from a high school, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate; (2) is legally authorized in this state to provide a program of education beyond high school; (3) provides an educational program for which it awards a bachelor's or higher degree, or provides a program which is acceptable for full credit toward such a degree, a program of postgraduate or postdoctoral studies, or a program of training to prepare students for gainful employment in a recognized occupation; (4) is a public or other nonprofit institution; (5) notwithstanding any of the foregoing provisions of this subsection, all colleges and universities in this state are institutions of higher education for purposes of this chapter.

      (j) Repealed by P.A. 88-136, S. 36, 37.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7495; 1949, S. 3059d; 1953, S. 3057d; 1955, S. 3058d, 3060d; February, 1965, P.A. 570, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 654, S. 1; 790, S. 1-4; 1969, P.A. 700, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 1-3; 1972, P.A. 127, S. 61; 279, S. 3; P.A. 73-135; 73-289, S. 2, 3, 10; 73-536, S. 1, 2, 12; P.A. 74-229, S. 13, 14, 22; P.A. 75-525, S. 1, 13; P.A. 76-58, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-87; 77-426, S. 16, 19; 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 78-331, S. 37, 58; 78-368, S. 1, 11; P.A. 81-5, S. 1; P.A. 82-27; 82-29, S. 2; 82-448, S. 2, 3; P.A. 83-547, S. 5, 12; P.A. 84-312, S. 2; 84-546, S. 81, 173; P.A. 85-17; P.A. 86-333, S. 16, 32; P.A. 88-136, S. 36, 37; P.A. 93-243, S. 2, 15; 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 11, 12, 21, 58; 95-323, S. 5, 8; P.A. 96-180, S. 102, 103, 166; 96-200, S. 24; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 19, 20, 131; P.A. 08-150, S. 43.)

      History: 1965 act excluded as "wages" certain payments by stock corporations with fewer than ten stockholders; 1967 acts redefined exclusion from chapter provisions with regard to employees of charitable, religious and educational institutions, revised exclusion of sums exceeding $3,000 from consideration as "wages" to specify calculation of amounts to be excluded after December 31, 1967, revised exclusion for dismissal payments to specify those made by employers "not subject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act", revised exclusion of payments by stock corporations to apply to corporations in which 50% or more of the proprietary interest is family-owned unless federal tax is payable and included Puerto Rico in definition of "state"; 1969 act redefined exclusion from chapter provisions with regard to state employees to substitute "section 5-198" for "section 5-3", to except employees with "permanent full-time, full-year positions of a subordinate, administrative, clerical or maintenance nature" and to specifically exclude service by elected official, board and commission members and part-time professional specialists; 1971 act greatly expanded provisions to conform with federal law and defined "hospital" and "institution of higher education"; 1972 acts changed age of majority from 21 to 18 and substituted "severance" for "termination" in provision excluding certain educators from provisions; P.A. 73-135 revised provision re coverage of students; P.A. 73-289 excluded seasonal or casual employees under specified circumstances and deleted exclusion for service at place of religious worship as caretaker or in performance of duties religious in nature; P.A. 73-536 made distinction between "total wages" and "taxable wages" and repealed Subsec. (d) which had defined "commissioner" and "additional commissioner"; P.A. 74-229 reinstated Subsec. (d) and replaced definition of "three-year-payroll" with definitions of 1-year and 5-year payrolls; P.A. 75-525 expanded provisions re service not in course of employer's trade or business by an employee, formerly termed "casual labor", replaced provision re service performed by volunteers or in connection with charitable aid with provisions re service performed for tax-exempt organizations, updated dollar amount of exclusions from taxable wages to $6,000 after December 31, 1974, and replaced definition of "commissioner" with definition of "balance in the unemployment compensation fund"; P.A. 76-58 added conditional exclusion of work-experience programs from consideration as "employment" and revised dollar amount exclusions re "taxable wages" to specify inapplicability of provision to wages paid in whole or in part from federal funds; P.A. 77-87 excluded service in lieu of tax payments and remuneration for such service from consideration as "employment" and "taxable wages"; P.A. 77-426 redefined "state" to include the Virgin Islands after acceptance of unemployment insurance law submitted by it, included provisions re agricultural laborers and domestic servants, and revised "employment" definition with regard to persons employed by state, its political subdivisions, etc. and expanded exclusions re "employment"; P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-331 made technical correction; P.A. 78-368 excluded domestic service in private home on farm from consideration as agricultural labor; P.A. 81-5 removed the word "higher" when referring to educational institutions in Subsec. (a)(1)(D); P.A. 82-27 amended Subsec. (b)(2)(D) to exclude from the definition of "taxable wages" the federal income taxes paid by an employer for employees in domestic or agricultural service, substituting reference to Sec. 3101 for Sec. 1400 of Internal Revenue Code; P.A. 82-29 restated Subsec. (a)(1)(J); P.A. 82-448 amended Subsec. (b) to increase the taxable wage base from $6,000 to $7,000 during any calendar year commencing on or after January 1, 1982; P.A. 83-547 amended Subsec. (b) to define the taxable wage base during any calendar year commencing on or after January 1, 1983, as being $7,100; P.A. 84-312 amended Subsec. (b)(2)(E) to refer to the definition of "wages" in Section 3306(b) of the Federal Unemployment Tax Act when determining the exception from taxable wages and added Subsec. (b)(3), further defining what shall be included in wages; P.A. 84-546 made technical changes in Subsec. (a); P.A. 85-17 amended Subsec. (a)(5) to exempt from "employment" all student participation in a work-study educational program, instead of only students under the age of 22 years; P.A. 86-333 added Subsec. (j) defining "educational institution"; P.A. 88-136 repealed Subsec. (j) which had defined "educational institution"; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "provision (2)" in Subsec. (a)(3) was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subdivision (2)" and the reference to "subparagraph (h) of this subdivision" in Subsec. (a)(5)(L) was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subsection (h) of this section"); P.A. 93-243 amended Subsec. (b) to include dismissal payments in the definition of "total wages", and beginning January 1, 1994, to provide for automatic annual increments in the amount of wages excluded from consideration as taxable wages, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-381 authorized substitution of commissioner and department of health services with commissioner and department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health and replaced Commissioner and Department of Mental Health with Commissioner and Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-323 added Subsec. (a)(5)(N) to amend definition of "employment" to include services performed by a travel agent under certain circumstances, effective October 1, 1995, and applicable to any separation of employment occurring on or after that date; P.A. 96-180 amended Subsec. (a)(1)(E) and Subsec. (i) to make technical changes, effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 96-200 substituted "salesperson" for "salesman" in Subsec. (a)(5)(K); June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (a)(1)(C) to make technical changes in Subparas. (C)(i) and (C)(ii) and to add Subpara. (C)(iii) re service in the employ of an Indian tribe that is excluded from the definition of "employment" under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act and amended Subsec. (a)(1)(E) to add references to "Indian tribe" and "tribal law" and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 08-150 amended Subsec. (a)(5) by adding Subpara. (O) re independent contractor standard applicable to escort motor vehicle operators, effective June 12, 2008.

      Agents of life insurance company not its employees under act. 125 C. 183. Regulation requiring that, in order to be exempt, "agricultural labor" must consist of employees of the owner or tenant of the land on which crops raised, held valid. Id., 300. Right of general control is controlling consideration in determining whether master and servant relationship exists. 126 C. 114; 127 C. 179; Id., 611; 128 C. 349. Rights of employee not defeated by showing that his employer was acting for an undisclosed principal. 127 C. 66. Processing tobacco in warehouse was "an incident to ordinary farming operations" within regulation. Id., 132. Under former statute state bank which was member of federal home loan bank not exempt as a federal instrumentality. 128 C. 78. A federal savings and loan association is exempt. Id. Under former statute educational institution exempt even though its members might derive some benefit. 131 C. 503. Section excludes unemployment compensation coverage for certified teachers and certain supervisory personnel. 169 C. 592. Cited. 171 C. 323.

      Cited. 4 CA 183. Cited. 15 CA 738.

      Cited. 42 CS 376. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Subsec. (a):

      Subdiv. (1): Cited. 135 C. 121. Not intended to cover out-of-state employees. 136 C. 387. "Unemployment" defined. 142 C. 160. Subdiv. (5)(B): Cited. Id. Subdiv. (5): Cited. 175 C. 269. Subdiv. (1)(B)(ii): After ABC test included in statute, statute to be construed liberally but not unrealistically. 179 C. 507. Subdiv. (1)(A) cited. 216 C. 237. Subdiv. (1)(B) cited. Id.; 225 C. 99. Subdiv. (1)(B)(ii) cited. 231 C. 690. Subdiv. (5)(K) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1)(B) cited. 238 C. 273. Subdiv. (1)(B)(ii)(III): Third prong of test is not satisfied merely because the individuals are free to establish businesses or to work for other entities. 265 C. 413.

      Subdiv. (1): Musicians considered employees of restaurant owner and not leader. 7 CS 13. Subdiv. (4): Standard to determine whether or not the greater part of an employee's work is done within state is number of working hours consumed and not value to employer of service rendered. Id., 202. Analysis of contracts for hire creating a master-servant relationship within meaning of section. Id., 430; 14 CS 208; 17 CS 237. Manicurist and boot black who had concessions in a barber shop were not deemed to be employees. 9 CS 71. House to house salesmen of vacuum cleaners held not employees. Id., 237. Cited. Id., 244. "Employment" and "wages" construed for purpose of interpreting section 31-236(8). 21 CS 144. Driver-salesmen, hired under contracts naming them independent contractors, who receive commission out of sales of plaintiff's ice cream and no salary, held in employ of plaintiff. 22 CS 100. Unclassified employees are not covered by unemployment statute. 32 CS 319. Subdiv. (5)(3)(B): "Severance of employment" discussed. 33 CS 119.

      Subsec. (b):

      Cited. 138 C. 632. Cited. 139 C. 575. Wages held earned when employee holds himself in readiness to perform as well as when he actually performs. 146 C. 264. Cited. 153 C. 691. Subdiv. (1) cited. 232 C. 216. Subdiv. (1): Workers' compensation benefits do not qualify as "wages" within meaning of this section. 239 C. 233.

      Consideration of tips and gratuities discussed. 11 CS 340. Assessment of contribution made by successive employers. 15 CS 399. Vacation pay held to be payment for loss of wages. 19 CS 367. "Employment" and "wages" construed for purpose of interpreting section 31-236(8). 21 CS 144.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 192 C. 104.

      Sec. 31-222a. "District" defined. Continuation of commissioners in offices. Section 31-222a is repealed.

      (April, 1964, P.A. 3, S. 3; P.A. 74-339, S. 35, 36.)

      Sec. 31-223. Application of chapter to employers. (a) Nonvoluntary liability. Every employer who was subject to this chapter immediately prior to January 1, 1980, shall continue to be so subject. An employer not previously subject to this chapter shall become subject to this chapter as follows: (1) An employer subject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act for any year shall be subject to the provisions of this chapter from the beginning of such year if he had one or more employees in his employment in the state of Connecticut in such year; (2) an employer who acquires substantially all of the assets, organization, trade or business of another employer who at the time of such acquisition was subject to this chapter shall immediately become subject to this chapter as a successor employer; (3) an employer who, after December 31, 1973, (A) in any calendar quarter in either the current or preceding calendar year paid wages for services in employment of one thousand five hundred dollars or more, or (B) for some portion of a day in each of twenty different calendar weeks, whether or not such weeks were consecutive, in either the current or the preceding calendar year, had in employment at least one individual irrespective of whether the same individual was in employment in each such day; (4) an employer for which service in employment as defined in subdivision (1) (C) of subsection (a) of section 31-222 is performed after December 31, 1971; (5) an employer for which service in employment as defined in subdivision (1) (D) of said subsection (a) is performed after December 31, 1971; (6) an employer which, together with one or more other employers, is owned or controlled, by legally enforceable means or otherwise, directly or indirectly by the same interests, or which owns or controls, by legally enforceable means or otherwise, one or more other employers, and which, if treated as a single unit or entity with such other employers or interests, or both, would be an employer under subdivision (3) of this subsection and subparagraphs (H) and (J) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222; (7) any employer, not defined as such by any other subdivision of this subsection, (A) for which, within either the current or preceding calendar year, service is or was performed with respect to which such employer is liable for any federal tax against which credit may be taken for contributions required to be paid into a state unemployment fund, or (B) which, as a condition for approval of this chapter for full tax credit against the tax imposed by the federal Unemployment Tax Act, is required, pursuant to such federal act, to be an "employer" under this chapter; (8) an employer which, having become an employer under any of subdivisions (1) to (7), inclusive, of this subsection, has not, under subsection (c) ceased to be an employer subject to this chapter; (9) for the effective period of its election pursuant to subsection (b), an employer which has elected to become subject to this chapter. In determining whether an employer in question shall be considered, for the purposes of this section, as having had a particular number of employees in his employment at a given time, there shall be counted, in addition to his own employees, if any, (A) the employees of each employer whose business was at the given time owned or controlled, directly or indirectly, by the same interests which owned or controlled the business of the employer in question, and (B) the employees of each employer, substantially all of whose assets, organization, trade or business has, after the given time during the same calendar year, been acquired by the employer in question. If an employer shall contract with or shall have under him any contractor or subcontractor for any work which is part of said employer's usual trade, occupation, profession or business, and which is performed in, on or about the premises under such employer's control, and if such contractor or subcontractor shall not be subject to this chapter, such employer shall, for all the purposes of this chapter, be deemed to employ each individual in the employ of such contractor or subcontractor for each day during which such individual is engaged solely in performing such work; but this provision shall not prevent such employer from recovering from such contractor or subcontractor the amount of any contributions he may be required by this chapter to pay with respect to wages of such individuals for such work.

      (b) Voluntary liability. Any employer not so subject to this chapter may accept the provisions of this chapter and become in all respects subject thereto by agreeing in writing filed with the administrator to pay the contributions required from employers subject to this chapter. Any employer with persons in his employ engaged in one or more of the types of service specified in subdivision (5) of subsection (a) of section 31-222, except the service described by subparagraph (A) thereof, may elect that the provisions of this chapter apply to such services by agreeing in writing filed with the administrator to pay the contributions on wages for such services. Any employer defined in subdivision (1) (D) or (E) of subsection (a) of section 31-222 or (5) (F) or (L) of said section may elect either to pay the contributions on wages for services or to finance benefits on a reimbursable basis, by paying into the Unemployment Compensation Fund an amount equivalent to the amount of benefits paid out to claimants who during the applicable period were paid wages by the employer concerned, said election to be made in writing to the administrator in accordance with the provisions of subsection (g) of section 31-225. Any employer may revoke acceptance of voluntary liability at the end of any calendar year following the calendar year in which he made such acceptance if he gives written notice to the administrator, accompanied by proof satisfactory to the administrator that he has paid all contributions due under the provisions of this chapter and that he has notified his employees of his intention to revoke such acceptance; such application to revoke acceptance shall be submitted within thirty days after the end of a calendar year and the administrator shall render his decision on such application within sixty days after submission thereof and such revocation of acceptance shall be effective on the thirty-first day of December next preceding the giving of written notice from the administrator to the employer that he is satisfied with such proofs.

      (c) Release from liability. An employer may cease to be subject to this chapter at the end of any calendar year following the calendar year in which he became subject to this chapter if he gives written notice to the administrator, accompanied by proof satisfactory to the administrator that he has not employed one employee for at least thirteen weeks during the next-preceding fifteen months, that he is not subject to the Federal Unemployment Tax Act, and that he has notified his employees of his intention to cease to be subject to this chapter; such application for release shall be submitted within thirty days after the end of a calendar year and the administrator shall render his decision on such application within sixty days after submission thereof and the employer shall cease to be subject to this chapter on the thirty-first day of December next preceding the giving of written notice from the administrator to the employer that he is satisfied with such proofs. The administrator shall waive the requirement for an application for release whenever it shall appear that the employer was unable to comply with such requirement for the reason that, at the time when he had qualified for release from liability under the provisions of this chapter, he was in good faith not aware of the fact that he was subject to the provisions of this chapter. An employer who discontinues his business and enters the armed forces of the United States shall cease immediately to be subject to this chapter.

      (d) Employment to include out-of-state service, when. For the purposes of subdivisions (5) and (7) of subsection (a), employment shall include service which would constitute employment but for the fact that such service is deemed to be performed entirely within another state pursuant to an election under an arrangement entered into with such state by the administrator and an agency charged with the administration of any other state or federal unemployment compensation law.

      (e) Calendar week when December 31 and January 1 in same week. For the purposes of subdivisions (3)(B) and (5) of subsection (a), in respect to any week including both December thirty-first and January first, the days of that week to and including December thirty-first shall be deemed one calendar week, and the days beginning and including January first another such week.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7496; 1949, 1955, S. 3061d; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 5; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 4-6; P.A. 73-37; P.A. 75-567, S. 57, 80; P.A. 78-331, S. 38, 39, 58; 78-368, S. 2, 11; P.A. 79-34, S. 1, 2.)

      History: 1967 act deleted applicability of provisions for employers with four or more employees during 13 calendar weeks and added applicability for employers with one or more employees during 13 weeks, qualified provision re elective applicability by employers employing persons under Sec. 31-222(a)(5) to except services in Subpara. (C) and made minor wording changes; 1971 act added Subdivs. (5) to (11) in Subsec. (a) extending applicability provisions, amended Subsec. (b) to add provision re employer's election to pay contributions on wages or to finance benefits on a reimbursable basis and added Subsecs. (d) and (e) clarifying what constitutes employment and calendar weeks; P.A. 73-37 amended Subsec. (a)(5) to qualify applicability with regard to amount of wages paid, to increase weeks of employment from 13 to 20 and to include those subject to chapter under previous applicability provision of the Subdiv. in effect before amendments were made; P.A. 75-567 changed reference to Sec. 31-226(h) to reference to Sec. 31-225(g) in Subsec. (b); P.A. 78-331 made corrections to Subparas. of Sec. 31-222 referred to in Subsec. (b); P.A. 78-368 added reference to Sec. 31-225(a)(1)(H) and (J) in Subsec. (a)(8); P.A. 79-34 deleted Subdivs. (3) and (4) of Subsec. (a) re applicability to employers of three or more persons during 13 weeks in years after 1955 and to employers of three or more person during 13 weeks in years after 1967, renumbering accordingly, relettered Subparas. for consistency with other statutes and added reference to successor employers under Subdiv. (2); (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "subdivisions (5)(b) and (7)" in Subsec. (e) was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subdivisions (3)(B) and (5)").

      Constitutionality of "common control" provision upheld. 128 C. 213. Cited. 131 C. 504.

      Question of fact for commissioner as to whether plaintiffs did take over substantially all of the assets or business. 135 C. 102. By purchasing one unit in a chain of stores, buyer did not become a liable employer. Id., 120. (1) Does not qualify definition of employment in Sec. 31-222(a). 136 C. 387. (4) Cited. Id., 389. (4) (a) Reason for including this provision in act was to insure contributions from all employers falling within the terms of the subsection. 138 C. 724. Whether the business of a particular employer is owned or controlled by the same interests that own and control the business of another employer is a question of fact. 139 C. 709.

      Standard to determine where employee performs the greater part of his service. 7 CS 202. Cited. 9 CS 71. By using the word "usual", the legislature intended to restrict the decision of the Bello case, 101 C. 34. Id., 433. It is not the "usual trade, occupation, profession or business" of a bank to construct a road to improve property. 10 CS 228. Owner of a super market deemed to have employed individuals of "leased departments" for purposes of this act. 11 CS 209. Cited. 12 CS 292. Plaintiff became subject to the act by purchasing the land, buildings, equipment, machinery and good will of an employer subject to the act. 15 CS 301. Successor to a business steps into the shoes of his predecessor. Id., 399. Individual enterprise and corporation, controlled by the same person, with a total of four employees held subject to assessment. 17 CS 353. Cited. 18 CS 113. Manufacturer who provided physical facilities for operation of cafeteria for employees but had no control over contract operator, held not liable for cafeteria employees unemployment compensation contributions. 19 CS 73.

      Sec. 31-223a. Employers not subject to chapter. Notification to employees. Any employer that is not subject to the provisions of this chapter and has not accepted voluntary liability under this chapter in accordance with subsection (b) of section 31-223 or subsection (g) of section 31-225 shall notify, in writing: (1) Not later than July 1, 2006, any individual employed by such employer as of April 21, 2006, and (2) any prospective employee that such employer is not subject to the provisions of this chapter.

      (P.A. 06-3, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 06-3 effective April 21, 2006.

      Sec. 31-223b. Transfer of unemployment experience upon transfer of assets, organization, trade or business of employer. Penalties. (a) For purposes of this section:

      (1) "Knowingly" means having actual knowledge of or acting with deliberate ignorance of or reckless disregard for a prohibition or requirement under this section;

      (2) "Person" means an individual, corporation, limited liability company, company, trust, estate, partnership or association;

      (3) "Trade or business" includes an employer's employees; and

      (4) "Violates or attempts to violate" includes, but is not limited to, the evasion of or attempt to evade any provision of this section, or any misrepresentation or wilful nondisclosure of information required to be given under this section.

      (b) No person who acquires the assets, organization, trade or business of an employer solely or primarily for the purpose of obtaining a lower contribution rate to the Unemployment Compensation Fund shall acquire the unemployment experience of such employer, and such acquisition shall be deemed a violation under this subsection. If the administrator determines that a person has acquired such assets solely or primarily for the purpose of obtaining a lower contribution rate, the administrator shall require such person to pay contributions at the rate provided in subsection (d) of section 31-225a for an employer who has not been chargeable with benefits for a sufficient period of time to have such employer's rate otherwise computed under section 31-225a or, where applicable, the person's charged tax rate, as provided in subsection (e) of section 31-225a, whichever is greater. In determining whether the assets, organization, trade or business of an employer was acquired solely or primarily for the purpose of obtaining a lower contribution rate, the factors the administrator shall consider shall include, but not be limited to, the cost of acquiring the business, whether the person continued the business activity of the acquired business, how long the business was continued and whether a substantial number of new employees were hired for performance of duties unrelated to the business activity conducted by the business prior to its acquisition.

      (c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter relating to the transfer of unemployment experience, if an employer transfers its assets, organization, trade or business, or a portion of its assets, organization, trade or business, to another employer with whom, at the time of such transfer, the transferring employer shares substantially common ownership, management or control, the unemployment experience of the transferring employer shall be transferred to the receiving employer. The administrator shall recalculate the contribution rates of both employers and make such recalculated rates effective upon the date of the transfer. The administrator may require from any employer, whether or not otherwise subject to this chapter, any sworn or unsworn reports that are necessary for the effective administration of this section.

      (d) In addition to the penalty imposed pursuant to subsection (e) of this section and any applicable penalties under this chapter, if a person knowingly violates or attempts to violate any provision of subsection (b) or (c) of this section, or any other provision of this chapter relating to determining the assignment of a contribution rate, or knowingly advises another person in the violation of subsection (b) or (c) of this section, such person shall be subject to the following penalties:

      (1) If the person is an employer, such person shall be assigned a penalty rate of contributions of two per cent of taxable wages for the year during which such violation or attempted violation occurred and for the following three years.

      (2) If the person is not an employer, such person shall be subject to a civil penalty of not less than five hundred dollars or more than five thousand dollars. Any such penalty shall be deposited into the Employment Security Special Administration Fund established under subsection (d) of section 31-259.

      (e) Any person who violates this section shall be fined not more than two thousand dollars or imprisoned not more than one year, or both.

      (f) The administrator shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish procedures and guidelines necessary to implement the provisions of this section, including procedures to identify the transfer or acquisition of a business for purposes of this section.

      (g) This section shall be interpreted and applied in such a manner as to meet the minimum requirements of Public Law 108-295 as interpreted by the federal Department of Labor.

      (h) This section shall apply to unemployment compensation tax years beginning on and after January 1, 2006.

      (P.A. 05-85, S. 1; P.A. 06-196, S. 162.)

      History: This section was originally published as Sec. 31-223a in the 2006 Supplement to the General Statutes; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (d)(2), effective June 7, 2006.

      Sec. 31-224. Municipal and other public employees. Section 31-224 is repealed.

      (1953, S. 3062d; 1969, P.A. 700, S. 2.)

      Sec. 31-225. Contributions by employers. Failure of an Indian tribe or tribal unit to make required payments. Financing of benefits paid to employees of nonprofit organizations. Bond requirement for foreign construction contractors. (a) Each contributing employer who is subject to this chapter shall pay to the administrator contributions, which shall not be deducted or deductible from wages, at a rate which is established and adjusted in accordance with the provisions of section 31-225a, stated as a percentage of the wages paid by said employer with respect to employment. In no event shall any employer be required to pay contributions on any amount of wages for which said employer has previously paid contributions.

      (b) Contributions shall be payable quarterly or for such shorter periods of not less than four weeks as the administrator may determine, provided no such contribution period shall include parts of two calendar quarters.

      (c) Each contribution payment shall be made on or before the last day of the month next following the end of the period of employment with respect to which it is made. The administrator may make and publish regulations with reference to the details of the computation and payment of such contributions. Indian tribes or tribal units, which units include subdivisions, subsidiaries or business enterprises wholly owned by such Indian tribes, subject to subparagraphs (C) and (E) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222 and this section after December 20, 2000, shall pay contributions under the same terms and conditions as all other subject employers, unless they elect to pay into the Unemployment Compensation Fund amounts equal to the amount of benefits attributable to service in the employ of the Indian tribe.

      (d) In lieu of contributions required of employers subject to this chapter, the state shall pay into the Unemployment Compensation Fund an amount equivalent to the amount of benefits charged to the state as provided in section 31-225a, or may at its option make payments as provided in subdivision (1) of subsection (g) of this section. The amount of payments required under this section to be made into the fund shall be ascertained by the administrator as soon as practicable after the end of each calendar quarter and shall be payable from the General Fund of the state, except as provided hereafter. If a claimant to whom benefits were paid was paid wages by the state during the base period from a special or administrative fund provided for by law, the payment into the Unemployment Compensation Fund shall be made from such special or administrative fund with the approval of the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management. The payment by the state into the fund shall be made at such times and in such manner as the administrator may determine and prescribe.

      (e) In lieu of contributions required of employers subject to this chapter, Indian tribes, towns, cities and other political and governmental subdivisions of the state and of the towns and cities may pay into the Unemployment Compensation Fund an amount equivalent to the amount of benefits charged to such Indian tribe, town, city or other political or governmental subdivision as provided in section 31-225a, or may at its option make payments as provided in subdivision (1) of subsection (g) of this section, provided Indian tribes shall determine if reimbursement for benefits paid is to be elected by the tribe as a whole, by individual tribal units or by combinations of the individual tribal units. The amount of payments required under this section to be made into the fund shall be ascertained by the administrator as soon as practicable after the end of each calendar quarter. The payments by such Indian tribe, town, city or political or governmental subdivision into the fund shall be made quarterly or at such times and in such manner as the administrator may determine and prescribe.

      (f) Payment of any bill rendered by the administrator under subsection (e) of this section shall be made not later than thirty days after such bill was mailed to the Indian tribe, municipality or political or governmental subdivision concerned, to the chief executive officer, clerk or other official or office having charge of making disbursements, or to the official or office designated by the Indian tribe, municipality or political governmental subdivision as authorized to receive such notices. Payments made under the provisions of subsection (e) of this section shall not be deducted or deductible, in whole or in part, from the remuneration of individuals in the employ of the employer. Past due payments of amounts due hereunder or under subsection (e) of this section shall be subject to the same interest that applies to section 31-265 to past due contributions.

      (1) Indian tribes or tribal units shall be billed for the full amount of benefits attributable to service in the employ of the Indian tribe or tribal unit on the same schedule as other employing units that have elected to make payments in lieu of contributions.

      (2) Failure of the Indian tribe or tribal unit to make required payments, including assessment of interest and penalty, within ninety days of receipt of the bill, shall cause the Indian tribe to lose the option to make payments in lieu of contributions, as described in subsection (e) of this section, for the following tax year unless payment in full is received or a payment schedule has been approved by the administrator or the administrator's designee before contribution rates for the next tax year are computed.

      (3) Any Indian tribe or tribal unit that loses the option to make payments in lieu of contributions due to late payment or nonpayment, as described in subdivision (1) of this subsection, shall have the option reinstated if, after a period of one year, all contributions have been made timely, provided no contributions, payments in lieu of contributions for benefits paid, penalties or interest remain outstanding.

      (4) Failure of the Indian tribe or any tribal unit thereof to make required payments, including assessments of interest and penalty, after all collection activities deemed necessary by the administrator have been exhausted, may cause services performed for such tribe to not be treated as "employment" for purposes of subsection (a) of section 31-222.

      (5) The administrator may determine that any Indian tribe or tribal unit that loses coverage under subdivision (4) of this subsection may have services performed for such tribe again included as "employment" for purposes of subsection (a) of section 31-222 if all contributions, payments in lieu of contributions, penalties and interest have been paid.

      (6) The administrator shall notify the United States Internal Revenue Service and the United States Department of Labor of: (A) Any failure of an Indian tribe or tribal unit to make payments required under this section, including assessments of interest and penalty, within ninety days of a final notice of delinquency; and (B) any termination or reinstatement of coverage made under subdivisions (4) and (5) of this subsection.

      (7) At the discretion of the administrator, any Indian tribe or tribal unit that elects to become liable for payments in lieu of contributions shall be required, within sixty days after the effective date of its election, to: (A) Execute and file with the administrator a surety bond approved by the administrator, or (B) deposit with the administrator money or securities on the same basis as other employers with the same election option.

      (8) Notices of payment and reporting delinquency to Indian tribes or tribal units pursuant to subsection (f) of this section shall include information that failure to make full payment within the prescribed time frame: (A) Shall cause the Indian tribe to be liable for taxes under the Federal Unemployment Tax Act; (B) shall cause the Indian tribe to lose the option to make payments in lieu of contributions; and (C) may cause any services performed in the employ of the Indian tribe to be excepted from the definition of "employment" as provided in subsection (a) of section 31-222.

      (g) Benefits paid to employees of nonprofit organizations shall be financed in accordance with the provisions of this subsection. For the purpose of this subsection, a nonprofit organization is an organization or group of organizations described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Federal Internal Revenue Code which is exempt from income tax under Section 501(a) of said code.

      (1) Any nonprofit organization which, pursuant to subdivision (1) (D) of subsection (a) of section 31-222 is, or becomes, subject to this chapter on or after January 1, 1971, shall pay contributions under the provisions of subsection (a), unless it elects, in accordance with this subparagraph, to pay to the administrator for the unemployment fund an amount equal to the amount of regular and additional benefits and of one-half of the extended benefits paid, that is attributable to service in the employ of such nonprofit organization. (A) Any nonprofit organization which is, or becomes, subject to this chapter on January 1, 1971, may elect to become liable for payments in lieu of contributions for a period of not less than one taxable year beginning with January 1, 1971, provided it shall file with the administrator a written notice of its election within the thirty-day period immediately following July 1, 1971. (B) Any nonprofit organization which becomes subject to this chapter after January 1, 1971, may elect to become liable for payments in lieu of contributions for a period of not less than twelve months beginning with the date on which it so becomes subject by filing a written notice of its election with the administrator not later than thirty days immediately following the date of the determination that it is so subject. (C) Any nonprofit organization which makes an election in accordance with subparagraph (A) or subparagraph (B) of this subdivision shall continue to be liable for payments in lieu of contributions until it files with the administrator a written notice terminating its election not later than thirty days prior to the beginning of the taxable year for which such termination shall first be effective, provided liability for payments in lieu of contributions shall continue for any benefits attributable to service in the employ of such organization while it was electing payments in lieu of contributions. For purposes of benefit ratio and for billing purposes, an organization which terminates its election of payments in lieu of contributions shall be treated as two separate employers. (D) Any nonprofit organization which has been paying contributions under this chapter for a period subsequent to January 1, 1971, may change to a reimbursable basis by filing with the administrator not later than thirty days prior to the beginning of any taxable year a written notice of election to become liable for payments in lieu of contributions. Such election shall not be terminable by the organization for that and the next year. (E) The administrator may for good cause extend the period within which a notice of election, or a notice of termination, must be filed and may permit an election to be retroactive but not any earlier than with respect to benefits paid after December 31, 1970. (F) The administrator, in accordance with such regulations as the administrator may prescribe, shall notify each nonprofit organization of any determination which the administrator may make of its status as an employer and of the effective date of any election which it makes and of any termination of such election. Such determinations shall be subject to reconsideration, appeal and review in accordance with the provisions of this chapter applicable to determination, appeal and review.

      (2) Payments in lieu of contributions shall be made in accordance with the following provisions: (A) At the end of each calendar quarter, or at the end of any other period as determined by the administrator, the administrator shall bill each nonprofit organization or group of such organizations which has elected to make payments in lieu of contributions for an amount equal to the full amount of regular and additional benefits plus one-half of the amount of extended benefits paid during such quarter or other prescribed period that is attributable to service in the employ of such organization. (B) Payment of any bill rendered under this subsection shall be made not later than thirty days after such bill was mailed to the last-known address of the nonprofit organization or was otherwise delivered to it, unless there has been an application for review and redetermination in accordance with subparagraph (D). (C) Payments made by any nonprofit organization under the provisions of this subsection shall not be deducted or deductible, in whole or in part, from the remuneration of individuals in the employ of the organization. (D) The amount due specified in any bill from the administrator shall be conclusive on the organization unless, within the time prescribed in section 31-241 after the bill was mailed to its last-known address or otherwise delivered to it, the organization files an application for redetermination by the administrator or an appeal in the manner provided in sections 31-241 and 31-242 setting forth the grounds for such application or appeal. The administrator or referee, as the case may be, shall promptly review and reconsider the amount due specified in the bill and shall thereafter issue a redetermination or decision, as applicable in any case in which such application for redetermination or appeal has been filed. Any redetermination by the administrator shall be conclusive on the organization unless, within the time prescribed in section 31-241 after the redetermination was mailed to its last-known address or otherwise delivered to it, the organization files an appeal in the manner prescribed in sections 31-241 and 31-242, setting forth the grounds for the appeal. The decision of the referee shall become final on the twenty-second day after the date of its rendition unless the party aggrieved thereby, including the administrator, files an appeal in the manner provided in section 31-249, setting forth the grounds for the appeal. Redeterminations by the administrator shall be governed by the provisions of section 31-243. Proceedings on appeal to the unemployment compensation referee from the amount of a bill rendered under this subsection or a redetermination of such amount shall be in accordance with the provisions of section 31-242 and the decision of the referee shall be subject to the provisions of sections 31-248 and 31-249. (E) Past due payments of amounts in lieu of contributions shall be subject to the same interest that, pursuant to section 31-265 applies to past due contributions; an employer electing reimbursement is subject to the same penalties provided under this chapter as employers paying contributions.

      (3) If the administrator at any time deems it necessary because of the financial condition of the organization, any nonprofit organization that elects to become liable for payments in lieu of contributions shall be required, within thirty days, to execute and file with the administrator a surety bond approved by the administrator or it may elect instead to deposit with the administrator cash or securities. The amount of such bond or deposit shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of this subdivision. (A) The amount of the bond or deposit required by this subdivision shall be determined by the administrator but shall not exceed a percentage of the organization's annual taxable payroll equal to the maximum rate that any employer liable for contributions during the year involved would have to pay for employment as defined in subsection (b) of section 31-222 for the four calendar quarters immediately preceding the effective date of the election, the renewal date in the case of a bond, or the biennial anniversary of the effective date of election in the case of a deposit of cash or securities, whichever date shall be most recent and applicable. If the nonprofit organization did not pay wages in each of such four calendar quarters, the amount of the bond or deposit shall be as determined by the administrator. The term "cash" includes certified or bank checks or other guaranteed instruments. (B) Any bond deposited under this subdivision shall be in force for a period of not less than two taxable years and shall be renewed with the approval of the administrator, at such times as the administrator may prescribe, but not less frequently than at two-year intervals as long as the organization continues to be liable for payments in lieu of contributions. The administrator shall require adjustments to be made in a previously filed bond as the administrator deems appropriate. If the bond is to be increased, the adjusted bond shall be filed by the organization within thirty days of the date notice of the required adjustment was mailed or otherwise delivered to it. Failure by any organization covered by such bond to pay the full amount of payments in lieu of contributions when due, together with any applicable interest and penalties provided for in subdivision (2) (E) of this subsection, shall render the surety liable on such bond to the extent of the bond, as though the surety was such organization. (C) Any deposit of cash or securities in accordance with this subdivision shall be retained by the administrator in an escrow account until liability under the election is terminated, at which time it shall be returned to the organization, less any deductions as hereinafter provided. The administrator may deduct from the cash deposited under this subdivision by a nonprofit organization or sell the securities it has so deposited to the extent necessary to satisfy any due and unpaid payments in lieu of contributions and any applicable interest and penalties provided for in subdivision (2) (E) of this subsection. The administrator shall require the organization within thirty days following any deduction from a cash deposit or sale of deposited securities under the provisions of this subparagraph to deposit sufficient additional cash or securities to make whole the organization's deposit at the prior level. Any cash remaining from the sale of such securities shall be a part of the organization's escrow account. The administrator may, at any time, review the adequacy of the deposit made by any organization. If, as a result of such review, the administrator determines that an adjustment is necessary, said administrator shall require the organization to make additional deposit within thirty days of written notice of determination or shall return to it such portion of the deposit as the administrator no longer considers necessary, whichever action is appropriate. Disposition of income from securities held in escrow shall be governed by any applicable provision of state law. (D) If any nonprofit organization fails to file a bond or make a deposit, or to file a bond in an increased amount or to increase or make whole the amount of a previously made deposit, as provided under this subdivision, the administrator may terminate such organization's election to make payments in lieu of contributions and such termination shall continue for not less than the four-consecutive-calendar-quarter period beginning with the quarter in which such termination becomes effective; provided the administrator may extend for good cause the applicable filing, deposit or adjustment period by not more than fifteen days.

      (4) If any nonprofit organization is delinquent in making payments in lieu of contributions as required under subdivision (2) of this subsection, and a bond or security as provided in subdivision (3) of this subsection has not been required, or required and not filed within thirty days, the administrator may terminate such organization's election to make payments in lieu of contributions as of the beginning of the next taxable year, and such termination shall be effective for that and the next taxable year.

      (5) Each employer that is liable for payments in lieu of contributions shall pay to the administrator for the fund the amount of regular and additional benefits plus the amount of one-half of extended benefits paid that are attributable to service in the employ of such employer. If benefits paid to an individual are based on wages paid by more than one employer and one or more of such employers are liable for payments in lieu of contributions, the amount payable to the fund by each employer that is liable for such payments, shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to the total benefits paid to the individual as the total base period wages paid to the individual by such employer bear to the total base period wages paid to the individual by all of the individual's base period employers.

      (6) Any two or more employers that have become liable for payments in lieu of contributions may file a joint application to the administrator for the establishment of a group account for the purpose of sharing the cost of benefits paid that are attributable to service in the employ of such employers. Each such application shall identify and authorize a group representative to act as the group's agent for the purposes of this subdivision. Upon the administrator's approval of the application, the administrator shall establish a group account for such employers effective as of the beginning of the calendar quarter in which the administrator receives the application and shall notify the group's representative of the effective date of the account. Such account shall remain in effect for not less than one year and thereafter until terminated at the discretion of the administrator or upon application by the group. Upon establishment of the account, each member of the group shall be liable for payments in lieu of contributions with respect to each calendar quarter in the amount that bears the same ratio to the total benefits paid in such quarter that are attributable to service performed in the employ of all members of the group as the total wages paid for service in employment by such member in such quarter bear to the total wages paid during such quarter for service performed in the employ of all members of the group. The administrator shall prescribe such regulations as he or she deems necessary with respect to applications for establishment, maintenance and termination of group accounts that are authorized by this subdivision, for addition of new members to, and withdrawal of active members from, such accounts, and for the determination of the amounts that are payable under this subdivision by members of the group and the time and manner of such payments.

      (h) Subsections (a) to (g), inclusive, of this section shall first apply to benefits charged with respect to benefits paid in benefit years starting on or after June 30, 1975.

      (i) Notwithstanding any other provision of the general statutes to the contrary, any employer, individual, organization, partnership, corporation or other legal entity which engages, in any manner, in contract construction activity in this state and which has its base of operations and is incorporated in another state, shall furnish to the administrator before beginning any such construction activity, a bond, with a surety or sureties satisfactory to the administrator, in an amount to be determined by the administrator. The administrator shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing the method for computation of such bond amounts. The use of such bonds shall be limited to payment for any unpaid unemployment compensation contributions, interest and penalties due from such contractor and attributable to such contracted work.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7497; 1949, S. 3063d; 1953, S. 3064d; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 2, 3; 1969, P.A. 700, S. 3; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 7-9; 1972, P.A. 71, S. 3; P.A. 73-289, S. 1, 4-6, 10; 73-536, S. 3, 12; P.A. 74-229, S. 1, 15, 16, 22; P.A. 75-525, S. 2, 13; P.A. 76-435, S. 12, 13, 82; P.A. 77-426, S. 1, 19; 77-614, S. 19, 610; P.A. 78-368, S. 3, 11; P.A. 80-250; P.A. 81-318, S. 2, 8; 81-472, S. 60, 141, 159; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4, S. 4, 11; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 63, 65; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9, S. 21, 131.)

      History: 1969 act amended Subsec. (f) to make payments by towns, cities and political subdivisions mandatory rather than dependent upon whether the towns, cities, etc. have elected to become subject to chapter; 1971 act added references to "governmental" subdivisions in Subsecs. (f) and (g), added option of making payments pursuant to Sec. 31-225 in Subsec. (f) and added provisions re time for payment of bills, interest on past due payments, etc.; 1972 act deleted provision in Subsec. (f) which had prohibited requiring towns, cities, etc. to maintain a record of their employees social security numbers; P.A. 73-289 deleted option for calculating benefits as ratio of each employer's share of wages to total wages paid in Subsec. (h)(5)(A) and added references to "additional" benefits in Subsec. (h)(1), (2) and (5); P.A. 73-536 changed basis for calculating contributions under Subsec. (a) from 2.7% of wages paid to rate established and adjusted under Sec. 31-225a and deleted previous detailed provisions re adjustments, deleted provision in Subsec. (b) which had allowed treatment of wages for payroll period which falls in two contribution periods as falling within one period, deleted Subsec. (d) re excess in fund, relettering accordingly, amended relettered Subsec. (d) to replace detailed provisions re state payments into fund with reference to payments equaling benefits charged to state pursuant to Sec. 31-225a and changed remaining provisions re payments throughout section in a similar fashion; P.A. 74-229 amended Subsec. (g)(1)(C) to add proviso re continued liability for payments and added ratio provision for calculating payments by multiple employers in Subsec. (g)(5); P.A. 75-525 specified "contributing" employers in Subsec. (a), made payments by towns, cities, etc. in Subsec. (e) optional rather than mandatory, replaced compensation commissioner with compensation referees in Subsec. (g)(2), changed maximum bond in Subsec. (g)(3)(A) from 2.7% of total wages paid to 6% of taxable wages paid and deleted Subsec. (h) re nonprofit organizations' option to make payments in lieu of contributions; P.A. 76-435 made technical changes; P.A. 77-426 changed amount of bond in Subsec. (g)(3)(A) to percentage of payroll "equal to the maximum rate that any employer liable for contributions during the year involved would have to pay"; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of finance and control with secretary of the office of policy and management in Subsec. (d); P.A. 78-368 allowed option of payments as provided in Subsec. (g)(1) in Subsec. (d) and deleted reference to Sec. 31-235a in Subsec. (e); P.A. 80-250 added Subsec. (i) re bonds for those engaged in contract construction activity; P.A. 81-318 amended Subsec. (g)(2) by changing the time when referee's decision becomes final from fifteenth to twenty-second day after its rendition if no appeal has been filed; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4 amended Subsec. (d) to delete provision that the state shall not be required to maintain a record of Social Security numbers of its employees, effective October 1, 1998; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 changed effective date of June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4, S. 4. from October 1, 1998, to October 1, 1997; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-9 amended Subsec. (c) to add provisions re payments by Indian tribes or tribal units, amended Subsec. (e) to add provision re determination of reimbursement by Indian tribe, and add references to "Indian tribe", amended Subsec. (f) to make technical changes, add references to "Indian tribe" and add new Subdivs. (1) to (8) re payments by Indian tribes or tribal units, and make technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality in Subsecs. (a) and (g), effective July 1, 2001.

      Cited. 127 C. 69. Cited. 128 C. 216. Cited. 131 C. 512. Cited. 135 C. 671. Each liable employer is only obligated to pay contributions with respect to the wages paid to his own employees. 138 C. 724. Cited. 139 C. 406. Cited. 177 C. 384. Cited. 181 C. 1.

      Cited. 9 CS 244. Cited. 14 CS 208.

      Subsec. (a):

      Does not preclude the inclusion of tips in amount of wages for the purpose of employer's contribution. 11 CS 340.

      Sec. 31-225a. Definitions; employers' experience accounts; noncharging provisions; benefit ratio; rates of contribution; assessments to pay interest due on federal loans and to reimburse advance fund; fund balance tax rate; notice to employers; multiple employers; employers' quarterly reports; inspection of records; electronic payments. (a) As used in this chapter, "qualified employer" means each employer subject to this chapter whose experience record has been chargeable with benefits for at least one full experience year, with the exception of employers subject to a flat entry rate of contributions as provided under subsection (d) of this section, employers subject to the maximum contribution rate under subsection (c) of section 31-273, and reimbursing employers; "contributing employer" means an employer who is assigned a percentage rate of contribution under the provisions of this section; "reimbursing employer" means an employer liable for payments in lieu of contributions as provided under section 31-225; "benefit charges" means the amount of benefit payments charged to an employer's experience account under this section; "computation date" means June thirtieth of the year preceding the tax year for which the contribution rates are computed; "tax year" means the calendar year immediately following the computation date; "experience year" means the twelve consecutive months ending on June thirtieth; and "experience period" means the three consecutive experience years ending on the computation date, except that if the employer's account has been chargeable with benefits for less than three years, the experience period shall consist of the greater of one or two consecutive experience years ending on the computation date.

      (b) (1) The administrator shall maintain for each employer, except reimbursing employers, an experience account in accordance with the provisions of this section. (2) With respect to each benefit year commencing on or after July 1, 1978, regular and additional benefits paid to an individual shall be allocated and charged to the accounts of the employers who paid him wages in his base period in accordance with the following provisions: The initial determination establishing a claimant's weekly benefit rate and maximum total benefits for his benefit year shall include, with respect to such claimant and such benefit year, a determination of the maximum liability for such benefits of each employer who paid wages to the claimant in his base period. An employer's maximum total liability for such benefits with respect to a claimant's benefit year shall bear the same ratio to the maximum total benefits payable to the claimant as the total wages paid by the employer to the claimant within his base period bears to the total wages paid by all employers to the claimant within his base period. This ratio shall also be applied to each benefit payment. The amount thus determined, rounded to the nearest dollar with fractions of a dollar of exactly fifty cents rounded upward, shall be charged to the employer's account.

      (c) (1) (A) Any week for which the employer has compensated the claimant in the form of wages in lieu of notice, dismissal payments or any similar payment for loss of wages shall be considered a week of employment for the purpose of determining employer chargeability. (B) No benefits shall be charged to any employer who paid wages of five hundred dollars or less to the claimant in his base period. (C) No dependency allowance paid to a claimant shall be charged to any employer. (D) In the event of a natural disaster declared by the President of the United States, no benefits paid on the basis of total or partial unemployment which is the result of physical damage to a place of employment caused by severe weather conditions including, but not limited to, hurricanes, snow storms, ice storms or flooding, or fire except where caused by the employer, shall be charged to any employer. (E) If the administrator finds that (i) an individual's most recent separation from a base period employer occurred under conditions which would result in disqualification by reason of subdivision (2), (6) or (9) of subsection (a) of section 31-236, or (ii) an individual was discharged for violating an employer's drug testing policy, provided the policy has been adopted and applied consistent with sections 31-51t to 31-51aa, inclusive, section 14-261b and any applicable federal law, no benefits paid thereafter to such individual with respect to any week of unemployment which is based upon wages paid by such employer with respect to employment prior to such separation shall be charged to such employer's account, provided such employer shall have filed a notice with the administrator within the time allowed for appeal in section 31-241. (F) No base period employer's account shall be charged with respect to benefits paid to a claimant if such employer continues to employ such claimant at the time the employer's account would otherwise have been charged to the same extent that he employed him during the individual's base period, provided the employer shall notify the administrator within the time allowed for appeal in section 31-241. (G) If a claimant has failed to accept suitable employment under the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-236 and the disqualification has been imposed, the account of the employer who makes an offer of employment to a claimant who was a former employee shall not be charged with any benefit payments made to such claimant after such initial offer of reemployment until such time as such claimant resumes employment with such employer, provided such employer shall make application therefor in a form acceptable to the administrator. The administrator shall notify such employer whether or not his application is granted. Any decision of the administrator denying suspension of charges as herein provided may be appealed within the time allowed for appeal in section 31-241. (H) Fifty per cent of benefits paid to a claimant under the federal-state extended duration unemployment benefits program established by the federal Employment Security Act shall be charged to the experience accounts of the claimant's base period employers in the same manner as the regular benefits paid for such benefit year. (I) No base period employer's account shall be charged with respect to benefits paid to a claimant who voluntarily left suitable work with such employer (i) to care for a seriously ill spouse, parent or child or (ii) due to the discontinuance of the transportation used by the claimant to get to and from work, as provided in subparagraphs (A)(ii) and (A)(iii) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 31-236.

      (2) All benefits paid which are not charged to any employer shall be pooled.

      (3) The noncharging provisions of this chapter, except subdivisions (1)(D) and (1)(F) of this subsection, shall not apply to reimbursing employers.

      (d) The standard rate of contributions shall be five and four-tenths per cent. Each employer who has not been chargeable with benefits, for a sufficient period of time to have his rate computed under this section shall pay contributions at a rate that is the higher of (1) one per cent, or (2) the state's five-year benefit cost rate. For purposes of this subsection, the state's five-year benefit cost rate shall be computed annually on or before June thirtieth and shall be derived by dividing the total dollar amount of benefits paid to claimants under this chapter during the five consecutive calendar years immediately preceding the computation date by the five-year payroll during the same period. If the resulting quotient is not an exact multiple of one-tenth of one per cent, the five-year benefit cost rate shall be the next higher such multiple.

      (e) (1) As of each June thirtieth, the administrator shall determine the charged tax rate for each qualified employer. Said rate shall be obtained by calculating a benefit ratio for each qualified employer. The employer's benefit ratio shall be the quotient obtained by dividing the total amount chargeable to the employer's experience account during the experience period by the total of his taxable wages during such experience period which have been reported by the employer to the administrator on or before the following September thirtieth. The resulting quotient, expressed as a per cent, shall constitute the employer's charged tax rate. If the resulting quotient is not an exact multiple of one-tenth of one per cent, the charged rate shall be the next higher such multiple, except that if the resulting quotient is less than five-tenths of one per cent, the charged rate shall be five-tenths of one per cent and if the resulting quotient is greater than five and four-tenths per cent, the charged rate shall be five and four-tenths per cent. The employer's charged tax rate will be in accordance with the following table:

      Secs. 31-225b to 31-226. Compensable separation charge, compensable period; rehire credits. Exception re date of filing application. Account not charged if claimant employed at that time; notice required. Employer's account not charged during employee's disqualification period; application, notice, appeal. Pooling of benefits not charged; exception. Quarterly reports of wage information. Merit rating indexes. Sections 31-225b to 31-226, inclusive, are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7498; 1949, 1953, 1955, S. 3066d; 1953, S. 3067d; 1953, 1955, S. 3065d; 1957, P.A. 464, S. 3; 596, S. 4; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 6, 7; October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 9; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 10; P.A. 73-53; 73-289, S. 7, 10; 73-536, S. 5, 8-12; P.A. 74-229, S. 9-12, 22; 74-338, S. 68, 94; P.A. 75-525, S. 4-6, 13; 75-567, S. 66, 80; P.A. 76-90; 76-259, S. 2, 3; P.A. 78-368, S. 10, 11; P.A. 81-5, S. 7; 81-12, S. 3.)

      Sec. 31-226a. Discharge, discipline, penalty or discrimination prohibited. Right of action. (a) No employer shall discharge, discipline, penalize or in any manner discriminate against any employee because the employee has filed a claim or instituted or caused to be instituted any proceeding under this chapter, or has testified or is about to testify in any such proceeding or because of the exercise by such employee on behalf of himself or others of any right afforded by this chapter.

      (b) Any employee who believes that such employee has been discharged, disciplined, penalized or otherwise discriminated against by any person in violation of this section may file a complaint with the Labor Commissioner alleging violation of the provisions of subsection (a) of this section. Upon receipt of any such complaint, the commissioner shall hold a hearing. After the hearing, the commissioner shall send each party a written copy of the commissioner's decision. The commissioner may award the employee all appropriate relief including rehiring or reinstatement to such employee's previous job, payment of back wages and reestablishment of employee benefits to which such employee otherwise would have been eligible if such employee had not been discharged, disciplined, penalized or discriminated against. Any employee who prevails in such a complaint shall be awarded reasonable attorney's fees and costs. Any party aggrieved by the decision of the commissioner may appeal the decision to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

      (c) The commissioner may request the Attorney General to bring an action in the Superior Court for injunctive relief requiring compliance with any award, decision or judgment issued by the commissioner under this section.

      (P.A. 88-169; 88-364, S. 106, 123; P.A. 01-147, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 88-364 made technical change; P.A. 01-147 made technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality in Subsec. (b) and added Subsec. (c) permitting commissioner to request Attorney General to bring action for injunctive relief requiring compliance with award, decision or judgment of commissioner.

      Sec. 31-227. Payment of benefits. Disqualifying services. Offsets and deductions: Pensions, child support obligations and state, federal and local income taxes. (a) Benefits shall be payable only to individuals who are unemployed and are eligible for benefits. Benefits shall be payable only out of the Unemployment Compensation Fund.

      (b) All benefits shall be payable through the state public employment bureaus or such other public agencies as the administrator, by regulations, may designate and at such times and in such manner as he may prescribe.

      (c) Whenever any benefit claimant dies leaving unpaid benefits due him in accordance with the provisions of this chapter, the administrator may, in his discretion, pay the amount of such unpaid benefits in the manner set forth in section 45a-273, and such payment shall discharge the administrator from liability to any person on account of such benefits.

      (d) Benefits based on service in employment defined in subdivisions (1) (C) and (D) of subsection (a) of section 31-222 shall be payable in the same amount, on the same terms and subject to the same conditions as compensation payable on the basis of other service subject to this chapter; except that (1) with respect to weeks of unemployment beginning after December 31, 1977, benefits shall not be paid based on service performed in an instructional, research or principal administrative capacity for an educational institution for any week of unemployment commencing during the period between two successive academic years, or during a similar period between two regular terms, whether or not successive, or during a period of paid sabbatical leave provided for in the individual's contract, to any individual if such individual performs such services in the first of such academic years (or terms) and if there is a contract or a reasonable assurance that such individual will perform services in any such capacity for any educational institution in the second of such academic years or terms; (2) with respect to weeks of unemployment beginning after October 29, 1983, for service performed in any other capacity for an educational institution, benefits shall not be paid on the basis of such services to any individual for any week which commences during a period between two successive academic years or terms if such individual performs such services in the first of such academic years or terms and there is a reasonable assurance that such individual will perform such services in the second of such academic years or terms, except that if benefits are denied to any individual under this subdivision and such individual is not offered an opportunity to perform such services for the educational institution for the second of such academic years or terms, such individual shall be entitled to a retroactive payment of benefits for each week for which the individual filed a timely claim for benefits and for which benefits were denied solely by reason of this subdivision; (3) with respect to weeks of unemployment beginning after March 31, 1984, for services described in subdivisions (1) and (2), benefits shall not be payable on the basis of such services to any individual for any week which commences during an established and customary vacation period or holiday recess if such individual performs such services in the period immediately before such vacation period or holiday recess and there is a reasonable assurance that such individual will perform such services in the period immediately following such vacation period or holiday recess; (4) with respect to weeks of unemployment beginning after March 31, 1984, for services described in subdivisions (1) and (2), benefits shall not be payable on the basis of such services under the circumstances prescribed in subdivisions (1), (2) and (3) to any individual who performed such services in an educational institution while in the employ of an educational service agency. For purposes of this subdivision the term "educational service agency" means a governmental agency or governmental entity which is established and operated exclusively for the purpose of providing such services to one or more educational institutions.

      (e) Benefits shall not be paid to any individual on the basis of any services, substantially all of which consist of participating in sports or athletic events or training or preparing to so participate, for any week which commences during the period between two successive sport seasons (or similar periods) if such individual performed such services in the first of such seasons (or similar periods) and there is a reasonable assurance that such individual will perform such services in the later of such seasons (or similar periods).

      (f) (A) Benefits shall not be payable on the basis of services performed by an alien unless such alien is an individual who was lawfully admitted for permanent residence at the time such services were performed, was lawfully present for purposes of performing such services or was permanently residing in the United States under color of law at the time such services were performed (including an alien who is lawfully present in the United States as a result of the application of the provisions of Section 203(a)(7) or Section 212(d)(5) of the Immigration and Nationality Act). (B) Any data or information required of individuals applying for benefits to determine whether benefits are not payable to them because of their alien status shall be uniformly required from all applicants for benefits. (C) In the case of an individual whose application for benefits would otherwise be approved, no determination that benefits to such individual are not payable because of his alien status shall be made except upon a preponderance of the evidence.

      (g) With respect to benefit years beginning on or after October 1, 1981, for any week with respect to which an individual is receiving a pension, which shall include a governmental or other pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or any other similar periodic payment, under a plan maintained or contributed to by a base period employer, the weekly benefit rate payable to such individual for such week shall be reduced by the prorated weekly amount of the pension. If contributions were made to the pension plan by the individual, the prorated weekly pension amount shall be reduced by the proportion that such individual's contributions bear to the total of all payments for such individual into the plan, except that if the pension is paid under the Social Security Act, the individual's contributions to the plan shall reduce the prorated weekly pension amount by one hundred per cent. If, as a result of the reduction made under the provisions of this subsection, the individual's weekly benefit rate is not a whole dollar amount, the weekly benefit rate payable to such individual shall be the next lower whole dollar amount. No reduction shall be made under this subsection by reason of the receipt of a pension, except in the case of pensions paid under the Social Security Act or the Railroad Retirement Act of 1974, if the services performed by the individual during the base period for such employer, or remuneration received for such services, did not affect the individual's eligibility for, or increase the amount of, such pension, retirement or retired pay, annuity, or similar payment.

      (h) (1) An individual filing an initial claim for unemployment compensation shall, at the time of filing such claim, disclose whether or not the individual owes child support obligations as defined under subdivision (6) of this subsection. If any such individual discloses that he or she owes child support obligations and has been determined to be eligible for unemployment compensation, the administrator shall notify the state or local child support enforcement agency enforcing such obligation that the individual is eligible for unemployment compensation.

      (2) The administrator shall deduct and withhold from any unemployment compensation payable to an individual who owes child support obligations (A) the amount specified by the individual to the administrator to be deducted and withheld under this subsection, if neither subparagraph (B) nor (C) is applicable, or (B) the amount determined pursuant to an agreement submitted to the administrator under Section 654(20)(B)(i) of the Social Security Act by the state or local child support enforcement agency, unless subparagraph (C) is applicable, or (C) any amount otherwise required to be so deducted and withheld from such unemployment compensation pursuant to legal process, as defined in Section 662(e) of the Social Security Act, properly served upon the administrator.

      (3) Any amount deducted and withheld under subdivision (2) shall be paid by the administrator to the appropriate state or local child support enforcement agency.

      (4) Any amount deducted and withheld under subdivision (2) shall for all purposes be treated as if it were paid to the individual as unemployment compensation and paid by such individual to the state or local child support enforcement agency in satisfaction of the individual's child support obligations.

      (5) This subsection shall be applicable only if appropriate arrangements have been made for reimbursement by the state or local child support enforcement agency for the administrative costs incurred by the administrator under this subsection which are attributable to child support obligations being enforced by such state or local child support enforcement agency.

      (6) For purposes of this subsection, the term "unemployment compensation" means any compensation payable under this chapter, including amounts payable by the administrator pursuant to an agreement under any federal law providing for compensation, assistance, or allowances with respect to unemployment; "child support obligations" includes only obligations which are being enforced pursuant to a plan described in Section 654 of the Social Security Act which has been approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under Part D of Title IV of the Social Security Act; and "state or local child support enforcement agency" means any agency of this state or a political subdivision thereof operating pursuant to a plan described in Section 654 of the Social Security Act which has been approved by the Secretary of Health and Human Services under Part D of Title IV of the Social Security Act.

      (i) (1) An individual filing a new claim for unemployment compensation shall at the time of filing such claim be advised that: (A) Unemployment compensation is subject to federal, state and local income tax; (B) requirements exist pertaining to estimated tax payments; (C) the individual may elect to have federal income tax deducted and withheld from the individual's payment of unemployment compensation at the amount specified in the federal Internal Revenue Code; (D) the individual may elect to have state income tax deducted and withheld from the individual's payment of unemployment compensation at the rate of three per cent; (E) the individual shall be permitted to change a previously elected withholding status one time in a benefit year; and (F) an individual who elects deductions pursuant to subparagraph (C) or (D) of this subdivision shall be subject to deductions pursuant to subparagraphs (C) and (D) of this subdivision. (2) Amounts deducted and withheld from unemployment compensation shall remain in the Unemployment Compensation Fund until transferred to the federal or state taxing authority as a payment of income tax. (3) The commissioner shall follow all procedures specified by the United States Department of Labor and the federal Internal Revenue Service pertaining to the deducting and withholding of federal and state income taxes. (4) Amounts shall be deducted and withheld in accordance with any regulations adopted by the commissioner to implement the provisions of this subsection. (5) For purposes of this subsection, "unemployment compensation" means any compensation payable under this chapter, including amounts payable by the administrator pursuant to an agreement under any federal law providing for compensation, assistance or allowances with respect to unemployment.

      (j) On and after January 1, 1997, the administrator shall deduct and withhold federal income tax from benefits payable to any individual who elected to have such deductions and withholdings under subsection (i) of this section.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7500; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 11; P.A. 77-426, S. 3, 19; P.A. 78-368, S. 7, 11; P.A. 81-318, S. 5, 8; P.A. 82-361, S. 8; P.A. 83-547, S. 4, 12; 83-587, S. 50, 96; Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-1, S. 1, 2; P.A. 90-314, S. 2, 3; P.A. 96-206, S. 1; P.A. 04-214, S. 3.)

      History: 1971 act divided section into Subsecs. and added Subsec. (d) re basis for payment of benefits; P.A. 77-426 added provisions re payments for service performed after December 31, 1977, in Subsec. (d) and added Subsecs. (e) and (f) re payment of benefits to those in sports and for aliens; P.A. 78-368 specified applicability to weeks of unemployment rather than to weeks of service performed in Subsec. (d) and reworded Subdiv. (2) for clarity; P.A. 81-318 added Subsec. (g) concerning reductions in benefits for those receiving pensions; P.A. 82-361 added Subsec. (h), which provided a process for the deduction of child support payments from unemployment compensation benefits paid to claimants who have child support obligations; P.A. 83-547 amended Subsec. (g) to provide that the weekly benefit rate, after reduction pursuant to this section, shall be rounded to the next lower, rather than higher, dollar; P.A. 83-587 made technical changes in Subsec. (h); Dec. Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-1 amended Subsec. (d) to remove obsolete language, to establish that, beginning October 29, 1983, all nonprofessional educational employees be denied benefits between academic years and terms if they are likely to be rehired, to provide for retroactive payments to those who are not rehired, to deny payments to educational employees for vacation periods and holidays, and to treat educational service agency employees the same as educational employees for the payment of benefits, in order to conform with federal requirements; P.A. 90-314 amended Subsec. (f) to conform the language to the form required by federal regulation; P.A. 96-206 added Subsecs. (i) and (j) establishing provisions for the withholding of taxes from unemployment benefits; P.A. 04-214 amended Subsec. (g) to make technical changes and to eliminate benefit reduction for individuals receiving a Social Security pension.

      Where employer had designated vacation period under contract with union, plaintiff not unemployed. 136 C. 482. Cited. 142 C. 163.

      Where cessation of work was voluntary on plaintiff's part, through agency of union, plaintiffs not entitled to benefits. 25 CS 295.

      Sec. 31-228. Benefit for total unemployment. An eligible individual who is totally unemployed throughout a week, which shall be, at the discretion of the administrator, either a calendar week or a payroll week of seven consecutive days as determined by the administrator, shall be paid, with respect to such week, an amount equal to his total unemployment benefit rate for the benefit year during which such week of unemployment occurs. An individual shall be deemed to be totally unemployed throughout a week if he has performed during that week no services for which remuneration of any nature is payable, except service performed in the employ of any town, city or other political subdivision, which service is performed in lieu of payment of any delinquent tax payable to such town, city or other political subdivision and for which no other remuneration is payable and has not engaged in any self-employment.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7501; P.A. 78-307, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 78-307 added exception for service performed in employ of towns, cities, etc. in lieu of payment of delinquent tax.

      Cited. 136 C. 485. Plaintiff held unemployed during period of shutdown beyond one-week vacation to which he was entitled. 138 C. 253. Cited. 161 C. 362. Cited. 175 C. 269. Section contemplates an employer-employee relationship; in order to be considered "totally unemployed", one must first be "unemployed". 245 C. 744.

      Section does not apply to holiday pay. 15 CS 501.

      Sec. 31-229. Benefit for partial unemployment. An eligible individual who is partially unemployed throughout a week, which shall be, at the discretion of the administrator, either a calendar week or a payroll week of seven consecutive days as determined by the administrator, shall be paid with respect to such week an amount equal to his benefit rate for total unemployment reduced by an amount equal to two-thirds, rounded to the next higher whole dollar, of the total remuneration, rounded to the nearest whole dollar, of any nature payable to him for services of any kind during such week, except service performed in the employ of any town, city or other political subdivision, which service is performed in lieu of payment of any delinquent tax payments to such town, city or other political subdivision. An individual shall be deemed to be partially unemployed in any week of less than full-time work if the total remuneration of any nature payable to him for services of any kind during such week, except service performed in the employ of any town, city or other political subdivision, which service is performed in lieu of payment of any delinquent tax payments to such town, city or other political subdivision, amounts to less than one and one-half times his benefit rate for total unemployment rounded to the next highest dollar. For purposes of this section, remuneration shall also include any holiday pay payable with respect to any such week, whether or not any service was performed during such week or was in any other way required for receipt of such holiday pay. For purposes of this section, the administrator shall consider earnings derived from self-employment, but only to the extent such earnings are actually received or payable with respect to a given week of partial unemployment.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7502; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 8; P.A. 78-307, S. 2; P.A. 83-539; 83-547, S. 3, 12; P.A. 94-116, S. 19, 28.)

      History: 1967 act provided for payment of amount "equal to his benefit rate ... reduced by an amount equal to two-thirds rounded to the nearest whole dollar of the total remuneration" rather than of amount "equal to the excess of his benefit rate over the total remuneration", provided for rounding of total remuneration, deleted provision which stated that first $3 of remuneration and fractions of dollars be disregarded "provided his weekly benefit for partial unemployment shall in no event exceed his benefit rate for total unemployment" and changed basis for determination of partial unemployment from $3 more than benefit rate for total unemployment to one and one-half times that rate; P.A. 78-307 added exception re service in employ of towns, etc. performed in lieu of delinquent tax payment; P.A. 83-539 provided that "remuneration" includes holiday pay, whether or not services were required for receipt of such pay and excludes services performed in lieu of payment of delinquent taxes; P.A 83-547 provided that an individual who is partially unemployed shall have his maximum benefit rate reduced by an amount equal to two-thirds of remuneration received, rounded to the next higher, rather than "nearest", dollar; P.A. 94-116 added a provision requiring the administrator to consider earnings derived from self-employment, but only to the extent that the earnings are actually received as payable with respect to a given week of partial employment, effective July 1, 1994.

      Cited. 136 C. 485. Cited. 137 C. 695. Holiday pay held to constitute correct remuneration for the purposes of this section. 146 C. 264. Cited. 175 C. 269. Cited. 177 C. 593. Cited. 184 C. 317. Cited. 196 C. 440.

      Cited. 15 CS 501.

      Sec. 31-230. Benefit year, base period and alternative base period. Regulations. (a) An individual's benefit year shall commence with the beginning of the week with respect to which the individual has filed a valid initiating claim and shall continue through the Saturday of the fifty-first week following the week in which it commenced, provided no benefit year shall end until after the end of the third complete calendar quarter, plus the remainder of any uncompleted calendar week that began in such quarter, following the calendar quarter in which it commenced, and provided further, the benefit year of an individual who has filed a combined wage claim, as described in subsection (b) of section 31-255, shall be the benefit year prescribed by the law of the paying state. In no event shall a benefit year be established before the termination of an existing benefit year previously established under the provisions of this chapter. Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, the base period of a benefit year shall be the first four of the five most recently completed calendar quarters prior to such benefit year, provided such quarters were not previously used to establish a prior valid benefit year and provided further, the base period with respect to a combined wage claim, as described in subsection (b) of section 31-255, shall be the base period of the paying state, except that for any individual who is eligible to receive or is receiving workers' compensation or who is properly absent from work under the terms of the employer's sick leave or disability leave policy, the base period shall be the first four of the five most recently worked quarters prior to such benefit year, provided such quarters were not previously used to establish a prior valid benefit year and provided further, the last most recently worked calendar quarter is no more than twelve calendar quarters prior to the date such individual makes an initiating claim. As used in this section, an initiating claim shall be deemed valid if the individual is unemployed and meets the requirements of subdivisions (1) and (3) of subsection (a) of section 31-235. The base period of an individual's benefit year shall include wages paid by any nonprofit organization electing reimbursement in lieu of contributions, or by the state and by any town, city or other political or governmental subdivision of or in this state or of any municipality to such person with respect to whom such employer is subject to the provisions of this chapter. With respect to weeks of unemployment beginning on or after January 1, 1978, wages for insured work shall include wages paid for previously uncovered services. For purposes of this section, the term "previously uncovered services" means services that (1) were not employment, as defined in section 31-222, and were not services covered pursuant to section 31-223, at any time during the one-year period ending December 31, 1975; and (2) (A) are agricultural labor, as defined in subparagraph (H) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222, or domestic service, as defined in subparagraph (J) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222, or (B) are services performed by an employee of this state or a political subdivision of this state, as provided in subparagraph (C) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222, or by an employee of a nonprofit educational institution that is not an institution of higher education, as provided in subparagraph (E)(iii) of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-222, except to the extent that assistance under Title II of the Emergency Jobs and Unemployment Assistance Act of 1974 was paid on the basis of such services.

      (b) The base period of a benefit year for any individual who is ineligible to receive benefits using the base period set forth in subsection (a) of this section shall be the four most recently completed calendar quarters prior to the individual's benefit year, provided such quarters were not previously used to establish a prior valid benefit year, except that for any such individual who is eligible to receive or is receiving workers' compensation or who is properly absent from work under the terms of an employer's sick leave or disability leave policy, the base period shall be the four most recently worked calendar quarters prior to such benefit year, provided such quarters were not previously used to establish a prior valid benefit year and provided further, the last most recently worked calendar quarter is not more than twelve calendar quarters prior to the date such individual makes the initiating claim. If the wage information for an individual's most recently worked calendar quarter is unavailable to the administrator from regular quarterly reports of systematically accessible wage information, the administrator shall promptly contact the individual's employer to obtain such wage information.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7503; 1949, 1953, S. 3068d; 1969, P.A. 700, S. 4; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 12; P.A. 73-78; P.A. 75-334; 75-525, S. 7, 13; P.A. 77-115; 77-426, S. 5, 19; P.A. 79-40; 79-376, S. 30; P.A. 83-421; May 9 Sp. Sess. 02-7, S. 69; P.A. 05-34, S. 1; P.A. 07-193, S. 1.)

      History: 1969 act made minor wording changes for clarity; 1971 act added reference to "governmental" subdivisions and included wages paid by nonprofit organizations electing reimbursement in lieu of contributions; P.A. 73-78 clarified continuation of benefit year as "through the Saturday of the fifty-first week following the week in which it commenced" and prohibited establishment of new benefit year before termination of existing benefit year; P.A. 75-334 added exception re benefit year base period for those eligible to receive or receiving workmen's compensation; P.A. 75-525 required that benefit year and benefit period of claimant's filing combined claim be that prescribed by paying state; P.A. 77-115 required that last most recently worked quarter be no more than twelve, rather than four, quarters before claim made in provision re those receiving or eligible to receive workmen's compensation; P.A. 77-426 added provisions re weeks of unemployment beginning on and after January 1, 1978; P.A. 79-40 excluded use of quarters used previously to establish prior benefit year in establishing base period for subsequent benefit year; P.A. 79-376 substituted "workers'" for "workmen's" compensation; P.A. 83-421 provided that, for any individual who is properly on sick or disability leave from his employment, the base period will be the first four of the five most recently worked quarters prior to the benefit year; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "this subsection" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "this section"); May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and made technical changes therein, added new Subsec. (b) to establish a temporary, alternative method for calculating the base period of a benefit year for individuals ineligible to receive benefits using the original base period set forth in Subsec. (a), and added new Subsec. (c) to require the administrator to adopt regulations implementing the alternative base period authorized by Subsec. (b), effective August 15, 2002; P.A. 05-34 amended Subsec. (b) to extend period during which alternative base period may be calculated to December 31, 2007, and deleted former Subsec. (c) re adoption of regulations; P.A. 07-193 amended Subsec. (b) by eliminating sunset date and making alternative base period permanent.

      Section is constitutional; does not impair vested rights. 137 C. 129. Workers' compensation benefits do not qualify as "wages" within meaning of Sec. 31-222(b)(1) and therefore could not be used to determine the base period of a benefit year under the section. 239 C. 233.

      Cited. 17 CA 441.

      Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-231. Total unemployment benefit rate. Section 31-231 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7504; 1953, 1955, S. 3069d; 1957, P.A. 464, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 680, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 550, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 23.)

      Sec. 31-231a. Total unemployment benefit rate. (a) For a construction worker identified pursuant to regulations adopted in accordance with subsection (c) of this section, the total unemployment benefit rate for the individual's benefit year commencing on or after April 1, 1996, shall be an amount equal to one twenty-sixth, rounded to the next lower dollar, of his total wages paid during that quarter of his current benefit year's base period in which wages were the highest but not less than fifteen dollars nor more than the maximum benefit rate as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

      (b) For an individual not included in subsection (a) of this section, the individual's total unemployment benefit rate for his benefit year commencing after September 30, 1967, shall be an amount equal to one twenty-sixth, rounded to the next lower dollar, of the average of his total wages, as defined in subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of section 31-222, paid during the two quarters of his current benefit year's base period in which such wages were highest but not less than fifteen dollars nor more than one hundred fifty-six dollars in any benefit year commencing on or after the first Sunday in July, 1982, nor more than sixty per cent rounded to the next lower dollar of the average wage of production and related workers in the state in any benefit year commencing on or after the first Sunday in October, 1983, and provided the maximum benefit rate in any benefit year commencing on or after the first Sunday in October, 1988, shall not increase more than eighteen dollars in any benefit year, such increase to be effective as of the first Sunday in October of such year. The average wage of production and related workers in the state shall be determined by the administrator, on or before August fifteenth annually, as of the year ended the previous June thirtieth to be effective during the benefit year commencing on or after the first Sunday of the following October and shall be so determined in accordance with the standards for the determination of average production wages established by the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics.

      (c) The administrator shall adopt regulations pursuant to the provisions of chapter 54 to implement the provisions of this section. Such regulations shall specify the National Council on Compensation Insurance employee classification codes which identify construction workers covered by subsection (a) of this section and specify the manner and format in which employers shall report the identification of such workers to the administrator.

      (1967, P.A. 790, S. 9; P.A. 82-448, S. 1, 3; P.A. 83-547, S. 2, 12; P.A. 88-228; P.A. 93-243, S. 4, 15; P.A. 95-323, S. 7, 8.)

      History: P.A. 82-448 raised maximum dollar amount of benefit from $146 to $156 per benefit year for years commencing on or after the first Sunday in July, 1982, deleting obsolete reference to $70 maximum for benefit year commencing Oct. 5, 1968, and raised yearly cap on rate increases from $6 to $12 for benefit years commencing on or after the first Sunday in October, 1983, revising other obsolete date references as necessary; P.A. 83-547 provided that the total unemployment benefit rate shall be rounded to the next lower, rather than higher, dollar; P.A. 88-228 raised the yearly cap on rate increases from $12 to $18 for benefit years commencing on or after the first Sunday in October, 1988; P.A. 93-243 changed the formula for calculating total unemployment benefit rate from one twenty-sixth of total wages earned during quarter when earnings are highest to one twenty-sixth of average of total wages earned during two quarters when earnings are highest, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-323 inserted new Subsecs. (a) specifying a new total unemployment benefit rate for construction workers, and (c) re adoption of regulations and made technical corrections in prior provisions, now designated as Subsec. (b), effective October 1, 1995, and applicable to any separation of employment occurring on or after that date.

      Sec. 31-231b. Maximum limitation on total benefits. Except as provided in sections 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, no individual shall receive benefits for unemployment occurring during his benefit year commencing after September 30, 1967, in excess of twenty-six times his total unemployment benefit rate.

      (1967, P.A. 790, S. 10; October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 10; P.A. 77-426, S. 9, 19; P.A. 81-17, S. 3, 9.)

      History: 1970 act added reference to Secs. 31-232b to 31-232j; P.A. 77-426 deleted provision prohibiting receipt of benefits exceeding 75% of total earnings in base period of benefit year, including dependency allowances; P.A. 81-17 included Sec. 31-232k within the exception to the terms of this section.

      Sec. 31-232. Maximum limitation on total benefits. Section 31-232 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7505; 1949, S. 1329b; 1953, 1955, S. 3070d; 1957, P.A. 464, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 680, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 550, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 23.)

      Sec. 31-232a. Additional benefits payable during periods of substantial unemployment. When an extended benefit period is in effect as provided in section 31-232b, each person who, prior to the expiration of his current benefit year, has received the maximum amount of benefits to which he is entitled, under the provisions of section 31-231b, shall be entitled to receive, except as hereinafter provided and except as provided in section 31-232h, during the balance of his current benefit year, at his current benefit rate and dependency allowances thirteen times his benefit rate for total unemployment and dependency allowances. No person who is eligible to receive benefits under an Act of Congress providing for unemployment compensation benefits, pursuant to a contract entered into by the administrator, shall receive benefits under this section until he has received the full amount of his entitlement under such Act of Congress.

      (1959, P.A. 680, S. 3; 1961, P.A. 589; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 11; 1969, P.A. 510; October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 11; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 13; P.A. 76-414, S. 1; P.A. 82-361, S. 2, 10.)

      History: 1961 act clarified provisions and required that benefits be paid under act of Congress if person is eligible for such benefits before payment is made under this section and limited benefits to not more than thirty-nine times the total unemployment benefit rate; 1967 act deleted provisions re "durational" amount of payments and limited benefits to not more than 75% of total earnings in base period of benefit year including dependency allowances; 1969 act deleted provision which limited benefits to no more than thirty-nine times the total unemployment benefit rate and no more than 75% of total earnings in base period of benefit year including dependency allowances; 1970 act added exception re Sec. 31-232h; 1971 act redefined "rate of insured unemployment"; P.A. 76-414 made provisions applicable to extended benefit periods rather than to periods of substantial unemployment, deleting provision authorizing administrator to determine rate of insured unemployment and deleting definition of "rate of insured unemployment"; P.A. 82-361 deleted reference to benefit periods in effect solely by reason of a national "on" indicator in keeping with amendment to Sec. 31-232b made by the act, effective September 26, 1982.

      Sec. 31-232b. Extended benefits: Definitions. As used in subsection (d) of section 31-222 and sections 31-231b, 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, 31-236(a)(8) and 31-250, unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

      (a) (1) "Extended benefit period" means a period which (A) begins with the third week after a week for which there is a state "on" indicator; and (B) ends with either of the following weeks, whichever occurs later: (i) The third week after the first week for which there is a state "off" indicator; or (ii) the thirteenth consecutive week of such period; provided no extended benefit period may begin by reason of a state "on" indicator before the fourteenth week following the end of a prior extended benefit period which was in effect with respect to this state.

      (2) With respect to benefits for weeks of unemployment beginning after September 26, 1982, there is a state "on" indicator for a week if, for the period consisting of such week and the immediately preceding twelve weeks, the rate of insured unemployment, as defined in subdivision (4) of this subsection, (A) equaled or exceeded five per cent and equaled or exceeded one hundred twenty per cent of the average of such rates for the corresponding thirteen-week period ending in each of the preceding two calendar years, or (B) equaled or exceeded six per cent.

      (3) With respect to benefits for weeks of unemployment beginning after June 23, 1993, there is a state "on" indicator for a week if the average rate of total unemployment in the state, as determined by the United States Secretary of Labor, for the period consisting of the most recent three months for which data for all states are published before the close of such week (A) equals or exceeds six and one-half per cent, and (B) equals or exceeds one hundred ten per cent of such average for either or both of the corresponding three-month periods ending in the two preceding calendar years.

      (4) There is a state "off" indicator for a week only if, for the period consisting of such week and the immediately preceding twelve weeks, none of the options specified in subdivisions (2) and (3) of this section result in an "on" indicator.

      (5) "Rate of insured unemployment", for the purposes of subdivisions (2) and (3) of this subsection, means the percentage derived by dividing (A) the average weekly number of individuals filing claims for regular benefits in this state for weeks of unemployment with respect to the most recent thirteen-consecutive-week period, as determined by the administrator on the basis of his reports to the United States Secretary of Labor, by (B) the average monthly employment covered under the provisions of this chapter, for the first four of the most recent six completed calendar quarters ending before the end of such thirteen-week period.

      (6) "Regular benefits" means benefits payable to an individual under this chapter, or under any other state law, including benefits payable to federal civilian employees and to ex-servicemen pursuant to 5 USC Chapter 85, other than extended benefits and additional benefits.

      (7) "Extended benefits" means benefits, including benefits payable to federal civilian employees and to ex-servicemen pursuant to 5 USC Chapter 85, payable to an individual under the provisions of subsection (d) of section 31-222 and sections 31-231b, 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, 31-236(a)(8) and 31-250 for weeks of unemployment in his eligibility period.

      (8) "Additional benefits" means benefits payable to exhaustees by reason of conditions of high unemployment or by reason of other special factors under the provisions of section 31-232a.

      (9) "Eligibility period" of an individual means the period consisting of the weeks in his benefit year which begin in an extended benefit period and, if his benefit year ends within such extended benefit period, any weeks thereafter which begin in such period.

      (10) "Exhaustee" means an individual who, with respect to any week of unemployment in his eligibility period: (A) Has received, prior to such week, all of the regular benefits that were available to him under this chapter, or any other state law, including dependents' allowances and benefits payable to federal civilian employees and ex-servicemen under 5 USC Chapter 85, in his current benefit year that includes such week; provided, for the purposes of this subparagraph, an individual shall be deemed to have received all of the regular benefits that were available to him although, as a result of a pending appeal with respect to wages or employment or both that were not considered in the original monetary determination in his benefit year, he may subsequently be determined to be entitled to added regular benefits; or (B) his benefit year having expired prior to such week, has no, or insufficient, wages or employment or both on the basis of which he could establish a new benefit year that would include such week; and (C) (i) has no right to unemployment benefits or allowances, as the case may be, under the Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act, the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, the Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965 and such other federal laws as are specified in regulations issued by the United States Secretary of Labor; and (ii) has not received and is not seeking unemployment benefits under the unemployment compensation law of the Virgin Islands or of Canada, provided that the reference to the Virgin Islands shall be inapplicable effective on the day after the day on which the United States Secretary of Labor approves under Section 3304(a) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, an unemployment compensation law submitted to the Secretary by the Virgin Islands for approval; but, if he is seeking such benefits and the appropriate agency finally determines that he is not entitled to benefits under such law, he is considered an exhaustee.

      (11) "State law" means the unemployment insurance law of any state, approved by the United States Secretary of Labor under Section 3304 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended.

      (12) "High unemployment period" means any period during which an extended benefit period would be in effect if subparagraph (A) of subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of this section were applied by substituting eight per cent for six and one-half per cent.

      (b) "Wages" means all remuneration for employment as defined in subsection (b) of section 31-222.

      (c) "Administrator" means the Labor Commissioner, as defined in subsection (c) of section 31-222.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 1; P.A. 75-525, S. 8, 13; P.A. 77-426, S. 4, 19; P.A. 78-368, S. 8, 11; P.A. 81-6; 81-17, S. 2, 9; P.A. 82-361, S. 1, 10; P.A. 89-211, S. 32; P.A. 93-243, S. 12, 15; 93-419, S. 5, 6, 9.)

      History: P.A. 75-525 added references to Sec. 31-222(d) and deleted references to Sec. 31-226(g); P.A. 77-426 redefined state and national "on" and "off" indicators and clarified applicability re Virgin Islands in Subdiv. (11); P.A. 78-368 redefined state "on" and "off" indicators; P.A. 81-6 clarified the definitions of state "on" and "off" indicators in Subsec. (a)(4) and (5); P.A. 81-17 extended the use of such definitions to Sec. 31-232k; P.A. 82-361 removed the national "on" and "off" indicators for extended benefits and increased the state "on" indicator to a rate of insured unemployment which equals or exceeds 5%, instead of 4%, and which equals or exceeds 120% of the average rates for the corresponding period in the previous two calendar years, or an insured unemployment rate of 6% or more, instead of 5%, effective September 26, 1982; P.A. 89-211 clarified reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (Revisor's note: In 1991 references to "31-236(8)" were changed editorially by the Revisors to read "31-236(a)(8)"); P.A. 93-243 amended Subsec. (a) to change the circumstances under which a state "on" and "off" indicator is triggered, and to define "high unemployment period", effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-419 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to delete change re triggering of "on" indicator added by P.A. 93-243 and amended Subsec. (a)(3) to require that condition set forth in both Subparas. (A) and (B) be met where previously either could be met, effective July 1, 1993.

      Cited. 40 CS 90.

      Sec. 31-232c. Applicability of chapter. Except when the result would be inconsistent with the other provisions of subsection (d) of section 31-222 and sections 31-231b, 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, 31-236(a)(8) and 31-250, as provided in the regulations of the administrator, the provisions of this chapter, which apply to claims for, or the payment of, regular benefits, including benefits for partial unemployment, shall apply to claims for, and the payment of, extended benefits.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 2; P.A. 75-525, S. 9, 13; P.A. 81-17, S. 4, 9.)

      History: P.A. 75-525 added reference to Sec. 31-222(d) and deleted reference to Sec. 31-226(g); P.A. 81-17 included Sec. 31-232k within the exception to the terms of this section; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "31-236(8)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "31-236(a)(8)").

      Sec. 31-232d. Eligibility conditions. An individual shall be eligible to receive extended benefits with respect to any week of unemployment in his eligibility period only if the administrator finds that with respect to such week: (a) He is an "exhaustee" as defined in section 31-232b (a)(9); (b) he has satisfied the requirements of this chapter, for the receipt of regular benefits that are applicable to individuals claiming extended benefits, including not being subject to a disqualification for the receipt of benefits, except where such requirements are inconsistent with the requirements of subdivisions (c) and (d) of this section; (c) he has been paid wages, by an employer subject to the provisions of this chapter, during the base period of his applicable benefit year (1) in an amount equal to at least one and one-half times the wages paid during that quarter of the base period of his applicable benefit year in which such wages were highest, (2) in an amount equal to at least forty times his most recent weekly benefit amount, including dependents' allowances, or (3) for twenty different weeks; and (d) he has not been found ineligible for failure to apply for or accept suitable work or for failure to actively seek work, as provided in section 31-232l.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 3; P.A. 82-361, S. 3, 10; P.A. 93-243, S. 13, 15.)

      History: P.A. 82-361 required that, for an individual to be eligible for extended benefits, his base period earnings equal at least one and one-half times the highest quarter's earnings in his base period and that he has actively sought work as required in Sec. 31-232l, effective September 26, 1982; P.A. 93-243 added Subsec. (c)(2) and (3) to expand eligibility for extended benefits, effective June 23, 1993.

      Sec. 31-232e. Weekly extended benefit amount. The weekly extended benefit amount payable to an individual for a week of total unemployment in his eligibility period shall be an amount equal to the weekly basic or augmented benefit amount, whichever is appropriate, payable to him during his applicable benefit year. For any individual who was paid benefits during the applicable benefit year in accordance with more than one weekly basic or augmented benefit amount, whichever is appropriate, the weekly extended benefit amount shall be the average of such weekly basic or augmented benefit amounts, whichever are appropriate.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 4.)

      Sec. 31-232f. Total extended benefit amount. (a) Except as provided in subsections (b) and (c) of this section, the total extended benefit amount payable to any eligible individual with respect to his applicable benefit year shall be the least of the following amounts: (1) Fifty per cent of the total amount of regular benefits, including dependents' allowances, which were payable to him under this chapter, in his applicable benefit year; and (2) thirteen times his average weekly benefit amount, including dependents' allowances, which was payable to him under this chapter, for a week of total unemployment in the applicable benefit year.

      (b) With respect to weeks of unemployment which begin in a high unemployment period, as defined in subdivision (12) of subsection (a) of section 31-232b, the total extended benefit amount payable to any eligible individual with respect to his benefit year shall be the least of the following amounts: (1) Eighty per cent of the total amount of regular benefits, including dependents' allowances, which were payable to him under this chapter, in his applicable benefit year; and (2) twenty times his average weekly benefit amount, including dependents' allowances, which was payable to him under this chapter, for a week of total unemployment in the applicable benefit year.

      (c) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this chapter, if the benefit year of any individual ends within an extended benefit period, the remaining balance of extended benefits that such individual would be entitled to receive in that extended benefit period, with respect to weeks of unemployment beginning after the end of the benefit year, shall be reduced by the product of the number of weeks for which the individual received any amounts as trade readjustment allowances under the Trade Act of 1974 within that benefit year, multiplied by the individual's weekly benefit amount for extended benefits.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 5; P.A. 82-361, S. 5; P.A. 93-243, S. 14, 15.)

      History: P.A. 82-361 added Subsec. (b) to limit an individual's combined trade adjustment assistance and unemployment compensation to a maximum of 52 weeks; P.A. 93-243 inserted new Subsec. (b) increasing the total extended benefit amount for eligible individuals who become unemployed during a high unemployment period and redesignated existing Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c), effective June 23, 1993.

      Sec. 31-232g. Public announcements and computations by administrator. (a) Whenever an extended benefit period is to become effective or is to be terminated in this state, the administrator shall make an appropriate public announcement.

      (b) Computations required by the provisions of section 31-232b (a)(4) shall be made by the administrator, in accordance with regulations prescribed by the United States Secretary of Labor.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 6; P.A. 82-361, S. 4, 10.)

      History: P.A. 82-361 removed all references to "on" and "off" indicators in keeping with amendments to Sec. 31-232b made by the act, effective September 26, 1982.

      Sec. 31-232h. Additional benefits payable, when. No individual shall receive both extended benefits and additional benefits during or in respect to the same week. An individual may become eligible to receive additional benefits under section 31-232a with respect to a week of unemployment only if he is not eligible to receive extended benefits under subsection (d) of section 31-222 and sections 31-231b, 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, 31-236(a)(8) and 31-250 with respect to such week.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 7; P.A. 75-525, S. 10, 13; P.A. 81-17, S. 5, 9.)

      History: P.A. 75-525 added reference to Sec. 31-222(d) and deleted reference to Sec. 31-226(g); P.A. 81-17 provided that an individual may be denied additional benefits if he is eligible to receive extended benefits under the terms of Sec. 31-232k; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "31-236(8)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "31-236(a)(8)").

      Sec. 31-232i. Administrator's duties with respect to federal act. In the administration of the provisions of subsection (d) of section 31-222 and sections 31-231b, 31-232a to 31-232k, inclusive, 31-236(a)(8) and 31-250, which are enacted to conform with the requirements of the Federal-State Extended Unemployment Compensation Act of 1970, the administrator shall take such action as may be necessary (1) to ensure that the provisions are so interpreted and applied as to meet the requirements of such federal act as interpreted by the United States Department of Labor and (2) to secure to this state the full reimbursement of the federal share of extended benefits paid under said sections that are reimbursable under the federal act.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 8; P.A. 75-525, S. 11, 13; P.A. 81-17, S. 6, 9.)

      History: P.A. 75-525 added reference to Sec. 31-222(d) and deleted reference to Sec. 31-226(g); P.A. 81-17 added reference to Sec. 31-232k; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference to "31-236(8)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "31-236(a)(8)").

      Sec. 31-232j. Extended benefits payable from Unemployment Compensation Fund. Benefits payable under sections 31-232b to 31-232h, inclusive, and section 31-232k shall be payable out of the Unemployment Compensation Fund.

      (October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 14; P.A. 81-17, S. 7, 9.)

      History: P.A. 81-17 added reference to benefits under Sec. 31-232k.

      Sec. 31-232k. Interstate claims for extended benefits. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, an individual shall not be eligible for extended benefits for any week if (1) extended benefits are payable for such week pursuant to an interstate claim filed in any state under the interstate benefit payment plan, and (2) no extended benefit period is in effect for such week in such state.

      (b) Subsection (a) of this section shall not apply with respect to the first two weeks for which extended benefits are payable pursuant to an interstate claim filed under the interstate benefit payment plan to the individual with respect to the benefit year.

      (P.A. 81-17, S. 1, 9.)

      Sec. 31-232l. Ineligibility for extended benefits. Suitable work defined. Duties of State Employment Service. (a) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 31-232c, for weeks of unemployment beginning after March 31, 1981, an individual shall be ineligible for payment of extended benefits for any week of unemployment in his eligibility period, and such ineligibility shall continue until such individual has again been employed, under an express or implied contract of hire creating an employer-employee relationship, in each of four subsequent weeks, whether or not consecutive, and has earned not less than four times his weekly extended benefit amount, if the administrator finds that during such week: (1) He failed to accept any offer of suitable work, as defined under subsection (c) of this section, or failed to apply for any such suitable work to which he was referred by the administrator; or (2) he failed to actively engage in seeking work as prescribed under subsection (d) of this section.

      (b) If the individual furnishes satisfactory evidence to the administrator that his prospects for obtaining work in his customary occupation within a reasonably short period are good, the determination of whether any work is suitable work with respect to such individual shall be made in accordance with the definition of suitable work for regular benefit claimants in subsection (a)(1) of section 31-236, without regard to the definition specified by subsection (c) of this section.

      (c) (1) For purposes of this section, "suitable work" means any work which is within an individual's capabilities, provided that: (A) The gross average weekly remuneration payable for the work exceeds the sum of (i) the individual's weekly extended benefit amount, as determined under section 31-232e, plus (ii) the amount, if any, of supplemental unemployment benefits, as defined in Section 501(c)(17)(D) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended, payable to such individual for such week; (B) the wage payable for the work is not less than the greater of the minimum wage provided by Section 6(a)(1) of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, without regard to any exemption, or the applicable state or local minimum wage, without regard to any exemption; and (C) no work shall be deemed to be suitable work which does not accord with the labor standard provisions required by Section 3304(a)(5) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, or any subsequent corresponding internal revenue code of the United States, as from time to time amended. (2) Notwithstanding the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of this section, an individual shall not be denied extended benefits for failure to accept an offer of or apply for any job which meets the definition of suitability as described in this subsection if: (A) The position was not offered to such individual in writing or was not listed with a state employment service; and (B) such failure could not result in a denial of benefits under the definition of suitable work for regular benefit claimants in section 31-236 to the extent that the criteria of suitability in that section are not inconsistent with the provisions of this subsection.

      (d) For the purposes of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, an individual shall be treated as actively engaged in seeking work during any week if: (1) The individual has engaged in a systematic and sustained effort to obtain work during such week, and (2) the individual furnishes tangible evidence that he has engaged in such effort during such week.

      (e) The Connecticut State Employment Service shall refer any claimant entitled to extended benefits under this chapter to any suitable work which meets the criteria prescribed in subsection (c) of this section.

      (f) An individual shall be ineligible to receive extended benefits with respect to any week of unemployment in his eligibility period if such individual has been disqualified for regular or extended benefits under the provisions of this chapter because he voluntarily left work, was discharged for misconduct or failed to accept an offer of or apply for suitable work unless such individual has terminated the disqualification imposed for such reasons by again having been employed under an express or implied contract of hire creating an employer-employee relationship.

      (P.A. 81-318, S. 7, 8; P.A. 82-361, S. 9; P.A. 89-211, S. 33.)

      History: P.A. 82-361 amended Subsec. (c) to provide that in Subdiv. (A), an individual will not be denied extended benefits for failure to accept suitable work if either the position was not offered to the individual in writing, or it was not listed with a state employment service where previously both conditions had to be satisfied; P.A. 89-211 clarified reference to the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference in Subsec. (b) to "subsection (1)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subsection (a)(1)").

      Subsec. (d):

      Cited. 40 CS 90.

      Sec. 31-233. Temporary extended-duration benefits. Obsolete.

      (March, 1958, P.A. 3, S. 1, 2.)

      See Sec. 31-232a re additional benefits payable during periods of substantial unemployment.

      Sec. 31-234. Dependency allowances. Each individual who is eligible to receive benefits for unemployment with respect to any week shall be paid with respect to such week a dependency allowance of fifteen dollars for such individual's nonworking spouse, as defined by regulation, living in the same household with such individual and for each of such individual's children or stepchildren who at the beginning of the individual's current benefit year were being wholly or mainly supported by such individual and were under eighteen years of age or under twenty-one years of age and in full-time attendance in a secondary school, a technical school, a college, or state accredited job training program, or who at the beginning of the individual's benefit year were mentally or physically handicapped and because of such handicap were being wholly or mainly supported by such individual, but in no event shall such allowances exceed the number of whole dollars in one hundred per cent of the total unemployment benefit rate of such individual or be paid with respect to more than five dependents. If the individual acquires any additional dependents in the course of a benefit year, the dependency allowance shall be adjusted accordingly during the next following complete calendar week. Dependency allowances shall be in addition to the unemployment benefits otherwise payable and shall not be considered part of an individual's total unemployment benefit rate but shall be counted in the amount of maximum benefits provided in section 31-232a and no dependency allowance shall be payable with respect to any week unless an unemployment benefit is also payable with respect to such week. If both a husband and a wife receive benefits with respect to a week of unemployment, neither shall be entitled to a dependency allowance with respect to the other and only one of them shall be entitled to a dependency allowance with respect to any child or stepchild.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7506; 1957, P.A. 464, S. 4; February, 1965, P.A. 550, S. 3; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 12; 1971, P.A. 341; P.A. 75-135; P.A. 77-426, S. 10, 19; P.A. 80-373, S. 1, 3; P.A. 99-154; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1, S. 44, 51.)

      History: 1965 act increased dependency allowance from $4 to $5 and maximum age of dependents from 16 to 17; 1967 act allowed consideration of nonworking spouse living in same household as dependent, increased maximum age of children to 18 and specified that where both spouses receive benefits neither qualifies as a dependent; 1971 act authorized adjustment of dependency allowance if additional dependents are acquired; P.A. 75-135 authorized consideration of children under 21 as dependents if in full-time attendance in secondary or technical school, college or job training program; P.A. 77-426 deleted reference to Sec. 31-231b; P.A. 80-373 increased dependency allowance to $10 and limited payments to no more than five dependents; P.A. 99-154 increased weekly dependency allowance from $10 to $15 and raised dependency allowance cap from 50% to 00% of claimant's weekly benefit rate; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1 made provisions of P.A. 99-154 effective for benefit years commencing on or after October 3, 1999, effective July 1, 1999.

      Sec. 31-235. Benefit eligibility conditions; qualifications; involuntary retirees. Reemployment services. Profiling system. (a) An unemployed individual shall be eligible to receive benefits with respect to any week only if it has been found that (1) such individual has made claim for benefits in accordance with the provisions of section 31-240 and has registered for work at the public employment bureau or other agency designated by the administrator within such time limits, with such frequency and in such manner as the administrator may prescribe, provided failure to comply with this condition may be excused by the administrator upon a showing of good cause therefor; (2) except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, such individual is physically and mentally able to work and is available for work and has been and is making reasonable efforts to obtain work, provided the individual shall not be considered to be unavailable for work solely because the individual is attending a school, college or university as a regularly enrolled student during the separation from employment, within the limitations of subdivision (6) of subsection (a) of section 31-236, and provided further, the individual shall not be considered to be lacking in efforts to obtain work if, as a student, such efforts are restricted to employment which does not conflict with the individual's regular class hours as a student, and provided the administrator shall not use prior "patterns of unemployment" of the individual to determine whether the individual is available for work; (3) such individual has been paid wages by an employer who was subject to the provisions of this chapter during the base period of the current benefit year in an amount at least equal to forty times the individual's benefit rate for total unemployment, provided an unemployed individual who is sixty-two years of age or older and is involuntarily retired under a compulsory retirement policy or contract provision shall be eligible for benefits with respect to any week, notwithstanding subdivisions (1) and (2) of this subsection, if it is found by the administrator that the individual has made claim for benefits in accordance with the provisions of section 31-240, has registered for work at the public employment bureau, is physically and mentally able to work, is available for work, meets the requirements of this subdivision and has not refused suitable work to which the individual has been referred by the administrator; (4) such individual participates in reemployment services, such as job search assistance services, if the individual has been determined to be likely to exhaust regular benefits and need reemployment services pursuant to a profiling system established by the administrator unless the administrator determines that (A) the individual has completed such services, or (B) there is justifiable cause for the individual's failure to participate in such services. The administrator shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for the administration of the profiling system. For purposes of subdivision (2) of this subsection, "patterns of unemployment" means regularly recurring periods of unemployment of the claimant in the years prior to filing the claim in question.

      (b) The provisions of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section relating to the eligibility of students for benefits shall not be applicable to any claimant who attended a school, college or university as a regularly enrolled full-time student at any time during the two years prior to such claimant's date of separation from employment, unless such claimant was employed on a full-time basis, as determined by the administrator, for the two years prior to such date.

      (c) (1) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) or (b) of this section, an unemployed individual may limit such individual's availability for work to part-time employment, provided the individual (A) provides documentation from a licensed physician that (i) the individual has a physical or mental impairment that is chronic or is expected to be long-term or permanent in nature, and (ii) the individual is unable to work full-time because of such impairment, and (B) establishes, to the satisfaction of the administrator, that such limitation does not effectively remove such individual from the labor force.

      (2) In determining whether the individual has satisfied the requirements of subparagraph (B) of subdivision (1) of this subsection, the administrator shall consider the individual's work history, efforts to find work, the hours such individual is medically permitted to work and the individual's availability during such hours for work that is suitable in light of the individual's impairment.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7507; 1953, S. 3072d; February, 1965, P.A. 550, S. 4; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 13, 23; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 14; P.A. 73-106; 73-160; 73-671; P.A. 83-184, S. 1, 2; 83-470, S. 1, 3; P.A. 94-116, S. 15, 28; P.A. 05-288, S. 137; P.A. 06-171, S. 1.)

      History: 1965 act changed wage amount referred to in Subdiv. (3) from $300 to $750; 1967 act changed amount referred to in Subdiv. (3) to thirty times his benefit rate for total unemployment; 1971 act deleted provision in Subdiv. (2) which had prohibited requiring women to be available for work between one and six a.m.; P.A. 73-106 changed wage amount in Subdiv. (3) from thirty to forty times the benefit rate "or one and one-half times the amount of his total wages paid during that quarter of his current benefit year's base period in which such wages were highest", deleting proviso requiring that wages or earnings occur in two different calendar quarters; P.A. 73-160 added proviso re persons 62 or older who are involuntarily retired; P.A. 73-671 deleted optional wage amount of one and one-half total wages paid during quarter in which wages were highest in Subdiv. (3); P.A. 83-184 prohibited the administrator from using prior "patterns of unemployment" in determining the individual's availability for work and defined the term; P.A. 83-470 provided that a claimant shall not be considered to be unavailable for work solely because he is a student during his period of unemployment, and he shall not be considered to be lacking in his efforts to get work if he restricts his efforts to employment which does not conflict with his school hours, within the limitations established in new Subsec. (b); (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference in Subsec. (a) to "subsection (6)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subsection (a)(6)"); P.A. 94-116 added (a)(4) requiring a claimant to participate in reemployment services if the individual has determined to be more likely than not to exhaust regular benefits and need reemployment services, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 06-171 made technical changes for the purpose of gender neutrality and added Subsec. (c) providing that unemployed individual with physical or mental impairment who satisfies specified requirements may limit availability for work to part-time employment and establishing considerations for determining whether requirements have been satisfied.

      "Available for work" construed with respect to waitress. 126 C. 441. Depends on whether or not there is a labor market for the work employee can do. 132 C. 651. Deliberate violation of reasonable rule in connection with work constitutes "wilful misconduct". 133 C. 308. Rule forbidding solicitation for union membership in working hours reasonable. Id., 310. The word "paid" does not mean "payable", and since all wages paid plaintiff were paid to him in one calendar quarter, he was not eligible to receive unemployment benefits. 135 C. 667. Cited. 136 C. 389. Section is constitutional; does not impair vested rights. 137 C. 129. A claimant who limits his availability for work because of personal reasons not related to the employment is not entitled to compensation. Id., 438. Plaintiff eligible for benefits for period of shutdown beyond the one-week vacation to which he was entitled. 138 C. 253. Under former statute, disqualification for attending school did not apply after applicant had completed his studies. 139 C. 71. Power of court over commissioner's administrative decisions is very limited. Id., 588. Cited. 171 C. 318. Delay of one thousand days in appellate determination of denial of unemployment benefits constitutes good cause for suspending reporting requirement. 175 C. 269. Cited. Id., 562. Cited. 184 C. 317. Cited. 205 C. 623. Cited. 209 C. 381.

      Cited. 3 CA 264. Cited. 4 CA 183. "Quit to care" provision does not apply as an exception to the availability provision of this section. 34 CA 620.

      Qualifications to make claimants eligible for compensation are conditions precedent and burden of proof is on him. 15 CS 286. Cited. 20 CS 10; Id., 214. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Subsec. (a)(2):

      To be available for work one must be ready, able and willing to accept suitable employment. Must be exposed unequivocally to the labor market. 142 C. 160. Eligibility for unemployment compensation is discussed. Id. Plaintiff attending school during the day held not available for work as he limited his availability for "first shift" work for a personal reason unrelated to his employment. 148 C. 475. Mere fact that person places certain restrictions on type of work he is willing to accept does not, in itself, make him unavailable for work within intent and meaning of this section. Work at a lesser skill and lower wages should not be deemed suitable unless claimant has been given a reasonable period in which to compete in the labor market for available jobs at his higher skill or related skills. 150 C. 278. Uncontroverted testimony concerning efforts to find work and willingness to rearrange a college schedule do not establish rights to benefits where referee not convinced that plaintiff would or could rearrange class schedule and that she was looking for work. 174 C. 527. Cited. 177 C. 132.

      "Available for work": Affected by pregnancy. 7 CS 375; 13 CS 32. Conclusion that claimant with two badly broken legs could not perform any work was justified. 10 CS 186. As affects persons who can accept employment only at certain hours or on certain shifts because of domestic responsibilities. 12 CS 122; 13 CS 101; Id., 109; 16 CS 334; 17 CS 316. Availability is to be decided upon what claimant does and not upon the existence of regulations foreign to the act, which bars employers from hiring. Id., 318. Wife who voluntarily left employment to reside in a distant area where husband was stationed wherein suitable opportunities were restricted was not "available". 13 CS 423. In absence of finding that claimant refused to accept work, conclusion that she was not "available" was unwarranted. 15 CS 50. It means available for employer's work and not necessarily for some other work. 17 CS 142. State employee who voluntarily retires and is not willing to work for state because of loss of pension is not available for work and not entitled to benefits. 22 CS 99. One who limits his availability for work because of personal reasons unrelated to employment is not entitled to compensation. 23 CS 86. Claimant has burden not only to accept referral but also to make opportunity fruitful. Where such person did not report for interview because he forgot, he was held ineligible for benefits. Id., 188. Cited. Id., 208. Search for work amounting to a few hours a day or one day a week held not to meet "reasonable effort" requirement of this subdivision. 24 CS 492. Applying to one or two places a week held as not making reasonable effort to obtain work. Id., 507. Where cessation of work was voluntary on plaintiff's part, through agency of union, plaintiffs could not be said to be "available for work". 25 CS 294-296. Unemployment commissioner's conclusion that plaintiff was not physically able to engage in work so as to be "available for work" was sufficiently supported by subordinate facts when plaintiff had qualified for social security disability benefits. Id., 447. "Reasonable efforts" defined. 26 CS 336. Not unreasonable or arbitrary for commissioner to find that plaintiff's one or two attempts to find work each week did not constitute reasonable effort. Id. Courts are bound by findings of subordinate facts and reasonable conclusions of facts made by commissioner. Id. Where plaintiff did not go to more than three establishments in person in any week in her search for work, she failed to meet statutory requirement that she make reasonable efforts to obtain work. 27 CS 38. Burden of proving work availability of claimant. 29 CS 316. Telephone operator ineligible for benefits, when. Id., 492. Bona fide attempt to obtain temporary full-time job satisfies availability for work requirement. 31 CS 4. Seasonal worker who makes a bona fide attempt to obtain a temporary full-time job, satisfies the requirements of availability set forth in this section. Id., 238. Cited. 32 CS 3.

      Subdiv. (3):

      Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-235a. Methods of payment by nonprofit organizations. Section 31-235a is repealed.

      (1971, P.A. 835, S. 31; P.A. 78-368, S. 10, 11.)

      Sec. 31-236. Disqualifications. Exceptions. (a) An individual shall be ineligible for benefits:

      (1) If the administrator finds that the individual has failed without sufficient cause either to apply for available, suitable work when directed so to do by the Public Employment Bureau or the administrator, or to accept suitable employment when offered by the Public Employment Bureau or by an employer, such ineligibility to continue until such individual has returned to work and has earned at least six times such individual's benefit rate. Suitable work means either employment in the individual's usual occupation or field or other work for which the individual is reasonably fitted, provided such work is within a reasonable distance of the individual's residence. In determining whether or not any work is suitable for an individual, the administrator may consider the degree of risk involved to such individual's health, safety and morals, such individual's physical fitness and prior training and experience, such individual's skills, such individual's previous wage level and such individual's length of unemployment, but, notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, no work shall be deemed suitable nor shall benefits be denied under this chapter to any otherwise eligible individual for refusing to accept work under any of the following conditions: (A) If the position offered is vacant due directly to a strike, lockout or other labor dispute; (B) if the wages, hours or other conditions of work offered are substantially less favorable to the individual than those prevailing for similar work in the locality; (C) if, as a condition of being employed, the individual would be required to join a company union or to resign from or refrain from joining any bona fide labor organization; (D) if the position offered is for work which commences or ends between the hours of one and six o'clock in the morning if the administrator finds that such work would constitute a high degree of risk to the health, safety or morals of the individual, or would be beyond the physical capabilities or fitness of the individual or there is no suitable transportation available from the individual's home to or from the individual's place of employment; or (E) if, as a condition of being employed, the individual would be required to agree not to leave such position if recalled by the individual's former employer;

      (2) (A) If, in the opinion of the administrator, the individual has left suitable work voluntarily and without good cause attributable to the employer, until such individual has earned at least ten times such individual's benefit rate, provided whenever an individual voluntarily leaves part-time employment under conditions that would render the individual ineligible for benefits, such individual's ineligibility shall be limited as provided in subsection (b) of this section, if applicable, and provided further, no individual shall be ineligible for benefits if the individual leaves suitable work (i) for good cause attributable to the employer, including leaving as a result of changes in conditions created by the individual's employer, (ii) to care for a seriously ill spouse or child, or parent domiciled with the individual, provided such illness is documented by a licensed physician, (iii) due to the discontinuance of transportation, other than the individual's personally owned vehicle, used to get to and from work, provided no reasonable alternative transportation is available, (iv) to protect the individual or a child domiciled with the individual from becoming or remaining a victim of domestic violence, as defined in section 17b-112a, provided such individual has made reasonable efforts to preserve the employment, but the employer's account shall not at any time be charged with respect to any voluntary leaving that falls under subparagraph (A)(iv) of this subdivision, or (v) for a separation from employment that occurs on or after July 1, 2007, to accompany a spouse who is on active duty with the armed forces of the United States and is required to relocate by the armed forces, but the employer's account shall not at any time be charged with respect to any voluntary leaving that falls under subparagraph (A)(v) of this subdivision; or (B) if, in the opinion of the administrator, the individual has been discharged or suspended for felonious conduct, conduct constituting larceny of property or service, the value of which exceeds twenty-five dollars, or larceny of currency, regardless of the value of such currency, wilful misconduct in the course of the individual's employment, or participation in an illegal strike, as determined by state or federal laws or regulations, until such individual has earned at least ten times the individual's benefit rate; provided an individual who (i) while on layoff from regular work, accepts other employment and leaves such other employment when recalled by the individual's former employer, (ii) leaves work that is outside the individual's regular apprenticeable trade to return to work in the individual's regular apprenticeable trade, (iii) has left work solely by reason of governmental regulation or statute, or (iv) leaves part-time work to accept full-time work, shall not be ineligible on account of such leaving and the employer's account shall not at any time be charged with respect to such separation, unless such employer has elected payments in lieu of contributions;

      (3) During any week in which the administrator finds that the individual's total or partial unemployment is due to the existence of a labor dispute other than a lockout at the factory, establishment or other premises at which the individual is or has been employed, provided the provisions of this subsection do not apply if it is shown to the satisfaction of the administrator that (A) the individual is not participating in or financing or directly interested in the labor dispute that caused the unemployment, and (B) the individual does not belong to a trade, class or organization of workers, members of which, immediately before the commencement of the labor dispute, were employed at the premises at which the labor dispute occurred, and are participating in or financing or directly interested in the dispute; or (C) the individual's unemployment is due to the existence of a lockout. A lockout exists whether or not such action is to obtain for the employer more advantageous terms when an employer (i) fails to provide employment to its employees with whom the employer is engaged in a labor dispute, either by physically closing its plant or informing its employees that there will be no work until the labor dispute has terminated, or (ii) makes an announcement that work will be available after the expiration of the existing contract only under terms and conditions that are less favorable to the employees than those current immediately prior to such announcement; provided in either event the recognized or certified bargaining agent shall have advised the employer that the employees with whom the employer is engaged in the labor dispute are ready, able and willing to continue working pending the negotiation of a new contract under the terms and conditions current immediately prior to such announcement;

      (4) During any week with respect to which the individual has received or is about to receive remuneration in the form of (A) wages in lieu of notice or dismissal payments, including severance or separation payment by an employer to an employee beyond the employee's wages upon termination of the employment relationship, unless the employee was required to waive or forfeit a right or claim independently established by statute or common law, against the employer as a condition of receiving the payment, or any payment by way of compensation for loss of wages, or any other state or federal unemployment benefits, except mustering out pay, terminal leave pay or any allowance or compensation granted by the United States under an Act of Congress to an ex-serviceperson in recognition of the ex-serviceperson's former military service, or any service-connected pay or compensation earned by an ex-serviceperson paid before or after separation or discharge from active military service, or (B) compensation for temporary disability under any workers' compensation law;

      (5) Repealed by P.A. 73-140;

      (6) If the administrator finds that the individual has left employment to attend a school, college or university as a regularly enrolled student, such ineligibility to continue during such attendance;

      (7) Repealed by P.A. 74-70, S. 2, 4;

      (8) If the administrator finds that, having received benefits in a prior benefit year, the individual has not again become employed and been paid wages since the commencement of said prior benefit year in an amount equal to the greater of three hundred dollars or five times the individual's weekly benefit rate by an employer subject to the provisions of this chapter or by an employer subject to the provisions of any other state or federal unemployment compensation law;

      (9) If the administrator finds that the individual has retired and that such retirement was voluntary, until the individual has again become employed and has been paid wages in an amount required as a condition of eligibility as set forth in subdivision (3) of section 31-235; except that the individual is not ineligible on account of such retirement if the administrator finds (A) that the individual has retired because (i) such individual's work has become unsuitable considering such individual's physical condition and the degree of risk to such individual's health and safety, and (ii) such individual has requested of such individual's employer other work that is suitable, and (iii) such individual's employer did not offer such individual such work, or (B) that the individual has been involuntarily retired;

      (10) Repealed by P.A. 77-426, S. 6, 19;

      (11) Repealed by P.A. 77-426, S. 6, 19;

      (12) Repealed by P.A. 77-426, S. 17, 19;

      (13) If the administrator finds that, having been sentenced to a term of imprisonment of thirty days or longer and having commenced serving such sentence, the individual has been discharged or suspended during such period of imprisonment, until such individual has earned at least ten times such individual's benefit rate;

      (14) If the administrator finds that the individual has been discharged or suspended because the individual has been disqualified under state or federal law from performing the work for which such individual was hired as a result of a drug or alcohol testing program mandated by and conducted in accordance with such law, until such individual has earned at least ten times such individual's benefit rate;

      (15) If the individual is a temporary employee of a temporary help service and the individual refuses to accept suitable employment when it is offered by such service upon completion of an assignment until such individual has earned at least six times such individual's benefit rate; and

      (16) For purposes of subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of this subsection, "wilful misconduct" means deliberate misconduct in wilful disregard of the employer's interest, or a single knowing violation of a reasonable and uniformly enforced rule or policy of the employer, when reasonably applied, provided such violation is not a result of the employee's incompetence and provided further, in the case of absence from work, "wilful misconduct" means an employee must be absent without either good cause for the absence or notice to the employer which the employee could reasonably have provided under the circumstances for three separate instances within a twelve-month period. Except with respect to tardiness, for purposes of subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of this subsection, each instance in which an employee is absent for one day or two consecutive days without either good cause for the absence or notice to the employer which the employee could reasonably have provided under the circumstances constitutes a "separate instance". For purposes of subdivision (15) of this subsection, "temporary help service" means any person conducting a business that consists of employing individuals directly for the purpose of furnishing part-time or temporary help to others; and "temporary employee" means an employee assigned to work for a client of a temporary help service.

      (b) Any individual who has voluntarily left part-time employment under conditions which would otherwise render him ineligible for benefits pursuant to subparagraph (A) of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section, who has not earned ten times his benefit rate since such separation and who is otherwise eligible for benefits shall be eligible to receive benefits only as follows: (1) If such separation from the individual's part-time employment precedes a compensable separation, under the provisions of this chapter, from his full-time employment, he shall be eligible to receive an amount equal to the benefits attributable solely to the wages paid to him for any employment during his base period other than such part-time employment; or (2) if such separation from the individual's part-time employment follows a compensable separation, under the provisions of this chapter, from his full-time employment, he shall be eligible to receive an amount equal to the lesser of the partial unemployment benefits he would have received under section 31-229 but for such separation from his part-time employment or the partial unemployment benefits for which he would be eligible under section 31-229 based on any subsequent part-time employment. In no event may the employer who provided such part-time employment for the individual be charged for any benefits paid pursuant to the subsection. For purposes of this subsection, "full-time employment" means any job normally requiring thirty-five hours or more of service each week, and "part-time employment" means any job normally requiring less than thirty-five hours of service each week.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7508; 1953, S. 3073d, 3074d, 3076d; 1953, 1955, S. 3075d; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 14; October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 12; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 20a; 1972, P.A. 279, S. 4; 291, S. 1; P.A. 73-76; 73-81; 73-140; 73-411; 73-536, S. 6, 12; P.A. 74-70, S. 1-4; 74-75; 74-229, S. 17, 22; P.A. 75-105; 75-427; P.A. 76-414, S. 2; P.A. 77-319; 77-323; 77-426, S. 6, 17, 19; P.A. 78-331, S. 40, 58; P.A. 79-376, S. 31; P.A. 80-78; 80-260, S. 3, 4; P.A. 81-12, S. 2; 81-318, S. 1, 6, 8; P.A. 82-262, S. 2; P.A. 85-26; 85-258, S. 1; 85-500; P.A. 86-55; 86-60; P.A. 88-88; P.A. 93-243, S. 5, 15; P.A. 95-323, S. 3, 8; P.A. 99-123; P.A. 01-37, S. 1, 2; P.A. 04-214, S. 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5, S. 17; P.A. 08-40, S. 1.)

      History: 1967 act substantially rewrote provisions for clarity, specified applicability with regard to suspension from work, leaving part-time for full-time work, unemployment because of a lockout, pregnant women and re periods of substantial unemployment and revised provision re retired persons; 1970 act added reference to extended benefit periods in Subdiv. (8); 1971 act made technical changes in Subdiv. (2), set period of ineligibility following woman's refusal to accept reemployment in Subdiv. (5) at period until she registers for work, applies for work, etc. rather than until she has been paid wages of at least $100, deleted provision prohibiting wages paid prior to retirement as basis for benefits and added Subdiv. (10) re school personnel; 1972 acts added Subdiv. (11) re subsidiary education personnel; P.A. 73-76 changed amount of wages applicable in Subdiv. (8) from $150 to $300 and added alternate amount of ten times the weekly benefit rate; P.A. 73-81 added proviso re amount of wage offer in Subdiv. (1); P.A. 73-140 repealed Subdiv. (5) re pregnant women; P.A. 73-411 prohibited reduction of benefits paid to veterans in Subdiv. (9); P.A. 73-536 clarified disqualification in Subdiv. (2); P.A. 74-70 added exception in Subdiv. (4), repealed Subdiv. (7) re benefits to ex-servicemen under act of Congress in recognition of their service and changed wording of Subdiv. (9) slightly; P.A. 74-75 deleted proviso re amount of wage offer in Subdiv. (1); P.A. 74-229 substituted "next four following weeks" for "duration of the disqualification period" in Subdiv. (2); P.A. 75-105 changed alternate amount in Subdiv. (8) from ten to five times the weekly benefit rate; P.A. 75-427 prohibited refusing benefits to those who refuse work because a condition of employment is agreeing not to leave position if recalled by former employer; P.A. 76-414 added Subdiv. (12) re student work-study experience; P.A. 77-319 added proviso in Subsec. (1) re leaving suitable work for cause, authorized disqualification for felonious conduct or repeated misconduct and changed disqualification from four weeks to "until such individual has earned at least ten times his benefit rate"; P.A. 77-323 repeated amendment re leaving work for cause; P.A. 77-426 repealed Subdivs. (10) to (12) re school personnel; P.A. 78-331 made technical changes in Subdiv. (9); P.A. 79-376 substituted "workers' compensation" for "workmen's compensation" and redesignated Subparas. with capital letters; P.A. 80-78 changed basic period of ineligibility from four weeks to "until such individual has returned to work and has earned at least six times his benefit rate in Subdiv. (1)"; P.A. 80-260 changed calculation of weekly benefit rate in Subdiv. (9); P.A. 81-12 deleted the noncharging provisions concerning an employer whose employee quit or was fired under the terms of this section and later collects benefits, as such provisions have been transferred to Sec. 31-225a by P.A. 81-12; P.A. 81-318 disqualified claimants from eligibility for unemployment compensation if they had been discharged for conduct constituting larceny in the third degree and deleted any reference in Subdiv. (9) to an offset which reduced benefits by the amount of pension, retirement pay or annuity received by the claimant, but see section 31-227(g); P.A. 82-262 specified ineligibility for benefits for participation in illegal strike; P.A. 85-26 amended Subdiv. (2)(B) to redefine larcenous conduct to be the taking of a property or service whose value exceeds $50; P.A. 85-258 amended Subdiv. (2)(A) to limit compensable "quits" to instances when the claimant left suitable work for sufficient work-related causes, or he left to care for a seriously ill spouse, child or parent, or he left due to the discontinuance of his only means of transportation and defined "repeated wilful misconduct" as any acts of such misconduct which occur within one year of each other; P.A. 85-500 provided that claimants may be disqualified if discharged or suspended for "just cause", and defined "just cause" to be a single act of wilful misconduct endangering life, safety or property; P.A. 86-55 added Subsec. (b), establishing limited eligibility rights for individuals who apply for unemployment compensation after having quit part-time employment, amending Subsec. (a) accordingly; P.A. 86-60 added Subsec. (a)(13), disqualifying any individual who is discharged or suspended from his employment during a term of imprisonment of 30 days or more to which he has been sentenced; P.A. 88-88 substituted "any employment during his base period other than such part-time" for "such full-time" in Subdiv. (1) and provided that an individual eligible for benefits under Subdiv. (2) would receive an amount equal to the lesser of the partial unemployment benefits he would have received but for the separation from the part-time employment or "the partial unemployment benefits for which he would be eligible under Sec. 31-229 based on any subsequent part-time employment"; P.A. 93-243 amended Subsec. (a)(2)(B) to expand the disqualification for larcenous conduct, amended Subdiv. (4)(A) to disqualify a claimant from eligibility for unemployment compensation while he is receiving severance or separation payments, and amended Subdiv. (13) to define "wilful misconduct", effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 95-323 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute "good cause attributable to the employer" for "sufficient cause connected with his work", to delete reference to "repeated" wilful misconduct in the course of employment, to amend the benefit level for employees discharged or suspended under state or federal drug or alcohol testing programs, to redefine "wilful misconduct" and to add definition of "temporary help service", effective October 1, 1995, and applicable to any separation of employment occurring on or after that date; P.A. 99-123 made technical and gender neutral changes, and amended Subsec. (a)(2) to prohibit refusing benefits to an individual who leaves suitable work voluntarily to protect the individual or a child domiciled with the individual from becoming or remaining a victim of domestic violence; P.A. 01-37 amended Subsec. (a)(2) by deleting "just cause" as a reason for discharge or suspension and making technical changes and amended Subsec. (a)(16) to delete definition of "just cause", redefine "wilful misconduct" to include absence without good cause or notice which could reasonably have been provided, and make a technical change; P.A. 04-214 amended Subsec. (a)(16) to change time period in definition of "wilful misconduct" from 18 months to 12 months and to define what constitutes a "separate instance"; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 07-5 added Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(v) re separation from employment during period from July 1, 2007, to June 30, 2008, to accompany a spouse who is on active duty with the armed forces of the United States; P.A. 08-40 amended Subsec. (a)(2)(A)(v) by deleting language specifying period ending on June 30, 2008, re unemployment benefits for certain military spouses, effective July 1, 2008.

      "Available for work" construed with respect to waitress. 126 C. 441. Depends on whether or not there is a labor market for the work employee can do. 132 C. 651. Deliberate violation of reasonable rule in connection with work constitutes "willful misconduct". 133 C. 308. Rule forbidding solicitation for union membership in working hours reasonable. Id., 310. Vacation pay is "payment by way of compensation for loss of wages". 136 C. 482. Plaintiff not eligible for benefits while receiving allowances under Servicemen's Readjustment Act. 137 C. 240. An offer and refusal of employment is not a condition precedent to disqualification where claimant is not available for work. Id., 438. Employee is subject to disqualification prescribed if he leaves part-time work to accept better paying position. Claimant's leaving dated from time she took new job, rather than from the beginning of vacation period. Id., 693. The test to determine whether a person's refusal to cross a picket line established by a union of which he is not a member rendered him a participant in the dispute is whether his refusal was voluntary or involuntary. An employee is "directly interested in a labor dispute" if his wages, hours or working conditions will be affected by the outcome of the dispute. 139 C. 20. A pension, at least to the extent to which each payment has been increased because of employer's contributions, is one "by way of compensation for loss of wages". Id., 569. Severance pay held "payment by way of compensation for loss of wages". Id., 572. Vacation pay from union welfare fund disqualifies employee from benefits as it is a payment by way of compensation for loss of wages. 142 C. 236. Facts of each case determine question of "suitable work". 148 C. 475. Section does not provide unemployment compensation coverage for school vacation periods to cafeteria workers and school aides. 169 C. 592. "Suitable work" depends on facts of particular case. 175 C. 562. Cited. 184 C. 317. Cited. 196 C. 440. Cited. 209 C. 381.

      Cited. 17 CA 441. Cited. 25 CA 130. "Quit to care" provision operates as an exception to the penalty provision of this section. 34 CA 620.

      Disqualifications for compensation are conditions subsequent and the burden of proof is on the commissioner. 15 CS 286. Employee entitled to unemployment compensation where employer shut down his plant for two weeks as a vacation period but employee was entitled to only one week of vacation pay. 17 CS 144. Cited. 20 CS 110. Whether there was willful misconduct depends on whether conduct of claimant could be held reasonably to amount to a deliberate violation of a reasonable rule. 22 CS 458. Where plaintiff's employment was terminated early in her pregnancy because employer in good faith wished to train replacement at that time, plaintiff was correctly denied benefits. 23 CS 155. Employee fired for hurling rock through windshield while picketing held ineligible for benefits. Picketing itself is not act of misconduct, but hurling rocks is. Id., 206. Where claimant was offered former job back during strike and he proceeded to participate in strike, he was held ineligible for benefits. His former job held not to be "new work" within meaning of statute. Id., 233. Claimant's former job held not to be "new work" within meaning of statute when offered during strike to one who had been laid off four weeks before strike and in a situation where collective bargaining agreement between union and employer had expired prior to layoff. Id. "Willful misconduct" discussed. 24 CS 177. Employee has burden of proving nonparticipation. Id., 461. Cited. 25 CS 244. Separation allowance computed on years of service and supplemental allowance to pensioners under labor management agreement paid on closing of plant held dismissal payments. 27 CS 169. Acceptance of separation allowance in lump sum did not change nature of payment computed on weekly basis. Id. Finding by commissioner that plaintiff's concern over unreliable transportation was refusal to accept employment held arbitrary and unreasonable. 31 CS 269. Cited. 39 CS 328. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Subsec. (a):

      Provision referring to conditions "current immediately prior to" a lockout announcement held to mean those conditions contained in the last mutual agreement between a union and the employer. 250 C. 297. Section falls within realm of discretion provided to states by Congress to award unemployment benefits to workers unable to work as result of a labor dispute and is not preempted by National Labor Relations Act. Id.

      Subdiv. (1):

      Subdivision held not to permit establishment or application by the administrator of any arbitrary adjustment period in which to find suitable work during same hours as those of prior employment. 148 C. 475. Cited. 172 C. 492.

      Within meaning of statute "residence" is claimant's residence at time of rehire offer, not at time of layoff. 2 CA 1.

      Refusal to return to work at reduced salary disqualifies one for compensation. 11 CS 337. Suitable employment discussed. 16 CS 199; Id., 264; 18 CS 145. Subpara. (C): Claimant who refused referred employment solely because it required union membership not entitled to benefits. 20 CS 10. Claimant who was union member and quit nonunion job because union business agent told him he would lose union membership otherwise, held not available for work. Exception does not apply where union sets conditions contra to statutory provisions. 27 CS 446. Cited. 39 CS 520.

      Subdiv. (2):

      Company designated shutdown period as including vacation period. Fact that union, as agent for plaintiff, gave company this right did not make plaintiff's second week of vacation, without pay, a period of voluntary and self-imposed unemployment. 138 C. 253. Subpara. (A): Where employer sets expiration date of contract conclusion that employee did not voluntarily terminate employment is not unreasonable. Discussion of possible result if union had negotiated the contract. 177 C. 132. Subpara (A): "For cause" construed to encompass personal as well as work-related reasons. 181 C. 1. Subpara. (A) cited. 187 C. 262. Subpara. (B): Term "felonious conduct" as used in statute includes felonious conduct violating federal laws. 196 C. 546. Subpara. (B): A final incidence may be "repeated willful misconduct" if conduct at issue is part of past pattern of willful misconduct. 209 C. 381.

      Subpara. (B) cited. 1 CA 591; 3 CA 494. Subpara. (A) cited. 4 CA 617. Subpara. (B) cited. Id.; 5 CA 309. Subpara. (A) cited. 6 CA 588. Subpara. (A): Leaving suitable work for better pay is insufficient, by itself, to establish good cause. Id., 658. Subpara. (A) cited. 12 CA 207. Subpara. (B) cited. 41 CA 751. Subpara. (B) only requires a single knowing violation of an employer rule; absence of repetition does not prevent the possibility of discharge for willful misconduct. 54 CA 154.

      Subpara. (A): Severing employment to report for induction into army. 11 CS 160. Subpara. (B): Employee who momentarily left machine running unattended in violation of employer's rule ineligible for compensation for willful misconduct. Id., 221. Cited. 12 CS 391. Lack of transportation not sufficient reason to leave work where claimant did not give employer chance to arrange for it. 15 CS 445. Harmless taking of discarded article by employee not sufficient basis for willful misconduct. 16 CS 311. Leaving work on ground that services worth more than remuneration held not sufficient cause. 17 CS 415. Claimant who gave notice of resignation and later attempted to withdraw it after company had hired a replacement was declared eligible for benefits. 19 CS 363. Claimant whose license to operate taxicab had been revoked for failure to make full restitution for damage done by him in accident and for failure to furnish proof of financial responsibility ineligible for unemployment compensation. Id. No lesser degree of culpability in this state than willful misconduct. 20 CS 399. Where claimant left job when employer told him he could retain his job as driver, if during period of license suspension, he found a substitute and paid him from his own pocket, held claimant left work without sufficient cause. 21 CS 206. Inefficiency, negligence, carelessness, improper conduct and errors in judgment alone are not construed as "willful misconduct" disqualifying claimant from benefits under subpara. (B). 25 CS 215. Falsifying employment questionnaire held intentional act of misleading employer and constituted willful misconduct in course of employment. 27 CS 215. Subpara. (B): Repeated absences from work without good cause, recognized as willful misconduct. 29 CS 14, 18. Cited. Id., 251. Offer of same job after penalty period ineffective as to deny benefits under suitable work provision. Id., 486. Cited. Id., 492. Subpara. (A): Employee's decision not to reenlist in National Guard, a condition of employment voluntarily accepted by employee, is voluntary termination of employment without employment-connected cause. 31 CS 12. Subpara. (A) cited. 38 CS 710. Subpara. (A): Doctrine of voluntary constructive leaving discussed. 39 CS 371. Subpara. (B) cited. Id. Court held it reasonable for appeals referee to conclude that before plaintiff could collect unemployment benefits, plaintiff must make an effort to seek a position with the employer which would be consistent with plaintiff's beliefs rather than assume that no such position would be available. 40 CS 208. Subpara. (B): Theft of $25 or less of property or services, while not a disqualifying larceny, can constitute a disqualifying act of wilful misconduct where there is proof of the larceny and the existence of a reasonable and uniformly enforced rule or policy by the employer. 46 CS 579.

      Subdiv. (3):

      General assembly intended same meaning for "labor dispute" here as that expressed in Sec. 31-112(c). Each week of unemployment is severable unit. 135 C. 373. Refusal of plaintiffs to cross picket lines constituted participation in labor dispute and rendered them ineligible for compensation. Id., 695. "Lockout" defined. 137 C. 380. A "lockout" is a withholding of employment by employer in effort to obtain for himself more advantageous terms. Id., 393. Controversy which caused unemployment of plaintiffs was labor dispute within meaning of statute. 139 C. 329. Unemployment was caused by labor dispute rather than lockout. Id., 515. Definition. 142 C. 497. No lockout existed where employer in labor dispute over new contract negotiations closed stores after old contract expired because not advised by employees' bargaining agent that they would continue work pending negotiation of new contract. Employees not entitled to unemployment compensation. 158 C. 556. Disqualification under this subdivision has three elements: (1) There must be unemployment, (2) there must be a labor dispute, (3) unemployment must result from existence of labor dispute. 164 C. 446.

      Refusal to cross picket line because of fear of bodily harm does not render one ineligible. 16 CS 286. Dismissed employees entitled to compensation when dismissed as result of labor dispute. Id., 491. Where shutdown due to lockout. 18 CS 94; 20 CS 211.

      Subdiv. (4):

      Payment of pension disqualifies plaintiff for unemployment benefits to which he would have become entitled by virtue of employment by one who is paying pension. 138 C. 630. Purpose and history. 146 C. 215. Under subpara. (C) it is immaterial whether payment represents deferred compensation or a pension. If lump sum is paid, it should be divided by weeks of life expectancy to determine weekly payments. Id. Holiday pay classified as earned remuneration rather than compensation for lost wages. Id., 264. Purpose of subdivision. Id.

      Subpara. (A): Consideration of vacation pay. 15 CS 267; Id., 501; 16 CS 225; 18 CS 472; 19 CS 367.

      Subdiv. (5):

      Claims made after childbirth. 17 CS 316. Plaintiff entitled to benefits where previously arranged by collective bargaining that such would be allowed though claimant not member of bargaining unit. 19 CS 184. Disqualification begins on first day of unemployment due to pregnancy and continues thereafter for duration of pregnancy. 20 CS 428.

      Subdiv. (8):

      Severance pay and vacation pay do not qualify as wages within meaning of statute. 153 C. 692.

      Plaintiff, a physician, performed services for husband, also a physician, during his illness and received one hundred fifty dollars from him; held this did not constitute wages. 21 CS 144. Evidence tended to prove that claimant's brother hired him for two weeks merely to qualify claimant under this subdivision but award of compensation commissioner upheld. Id., 204.

      Subdiv. (9):

      Where employee voluntarily requested payment from union pension fund and applied for and received social security benefits, he had voluntarily retired and was ineligible for unemployment benefits. 28 CS 57. Plaintiff mason voluntarily leaving job because partner had left, as he thought union rules forbade his remaining, left suitable work voluntarily without sufficient case. Id., 394. Cited. 34 CS 11.

      Subdiv. (11):

      Unemployment commissioner could reasonably conclude from his finding of facts that a school "media aide" is a "classroom aide" in meaning of this section. 31 CS 253.

      Sec. 31-236a. Eligibility of apprentice unemployed due to labor dispute. Notwithstanding any provision contained in section 31-236, no apprentice duly registered as such with the state who is unemployed due to a labor dispute between his employer and journeymen who are engaged in the same craft or trade as the apprentice shall be disqualified from receiving benefits under this chapter if he is available for work, and he shall not be participating in or financing or directly interested in the labor dispute or belong to a trade, class or organization of workers, members of which, immediately before the commencement of the labor dispute, were employed at the premises at which the labor dispute occurred and are participating in or financing or directly interested in the labor dispute.

      (1969, P.A. 778, S. 1.)

      Sec. 31-236b. Eligibility for benefits not impaired by reason of participation in training with commissioner's approval. Approval of programs. (a) Notwithstanding any other provisions in this chapter, an otherwise eligible individual shall not be denied benefits for any week because he is in training with the approval of the administrator by reason of the application of subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 31-235 relating to availability for work, or the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 31-236 relating to failure to apply for, or a refusal to accept, suitable work.

      (b) The administrator shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which establish the guidelines to be used by the administrator in determining which job training programs, job retraining programs and claimants shall be approved for the purposes of this section. Any such program sponsored by (1) any federal, state or municipal department, (2) any labor organization, or (3) any private employer shall be approved upon meeting the requirements of such guidelines.

      (1971, P.A. 835, S. 21; P.A. 83-470, S. 2, 3; P.A. 05-288, S. 138.)

      History: P.A. 83-470 added Subsec. (b) requiring the administrator to adopt regulations establishing guidelines for the approval of job training and retraining programs and claimants for the purposes of this section; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference in Subsec. (a) to "subsection (1)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subsection (a)(1)"); P.A. 05-288 made technical changes in Subsec. (a), effective July 13, 2005.

      Sec. 31-236c. Ineligibility of certain board of education employees. Section 31-236c is repealed.

      (1971, P.A. 835, S. 17; 77-426, S. 18, 19.)

      Sec. 31-236d. Eligibility of individual in training approved under the Trade Act of 1974. Notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter, an otherwise eligible individual shall not be denied unemployment compensation benefits for any week because he is in training approved under Section 236(a)(1) of the Trade Act of 1974, nor shall such individual be denied benefits because of leaving work to enter such training, provided the work left is not suitable work, or because of the application to any such week in training of provisions in this chapter or any applicable federal unemployment compensation law relating to availability for work, active search for work, or refusal to accept work. For purposes of this section, "suitable work" means, with respect to an individual, work of a substantially equal or higher skill level than the individual's past adversely affected employment, as defined for purposes of the Trade Act of 1974, and wages for such work at not less than eighty per cent of the individual's average weekly wage as determined for purposes of the Trade Act of 1974.

      (P.A. 82-361, S. 6.)

      Sec. 31-236e. Basis for determination of eligibility. Regulations. (a) For any claim filed on or after July 1, 1986, the determination of a claimant's eligibility for unemployment compensation benefits shall be based solely on the provisions of this chapter and any regulations adopted pursuant thereto. Labor Department policy letters shall not be used in any such determination.

      (b) On or before July 1, 1986, the Labor Commissioner shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which establish all necessary criteria for the determination of a claimant's eligibility for unemployment compensation benefits.

      (P.A. 85-176.)

      Sec. 31-236f. Information re the availability of unemployment compensation benefits. Procedure. The administrator, as defined in section 31-232b, in consultation with the advisory board established pursuant to section 31-250a, shall develop and implement a procedure or program to insure that an employee, at the time of termination by an employer, receives adequate information regarding the availability of unemployment compensation benefits under chapter 567 and the procedure required for making a claim for such benefits.

      (P.A. 95-323, S. 6, 8.)

      History: P.A. 95-323, S. 6 effective October 1, 1995, and applicable to any separation of employment occurring on or after that date.

      Sec. 31-237. Employment Security Division. (a) There shall continue to be in the Labor Department a division, to be known as the Employment Security Division, which shall be administered by a full-time, salaried, executive director, who shall be subject to the supervision and the direction of the administrator. The administrator is authorized to appoint, fix the compensation of and prescribe the duties of such executive director, provided such appointment shall be subject to the approval of the Governor and the rate of such compensation shall be subject to the approval of the Governor and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management. The Employment Security Division shall be responsible for matters relating to unemployment compensation and the Connecticut State Employment Service, and shall establish and maintain free public employment bureaus in such number and in such places as may be necessary for the proper administration of this chapter and for the purpose of performing such duties as are within the purview of the Act of Congress entitled "An Act to Provide for the Establishment of a National Employment System and for Cooperation with the States in the Promotion of Such System and for Other Purposes", approved June 6, 1933, as amended. The administrator may cooperate with or enter into agreements with the Federal Railroad Retirement Board with respect to the establishment, maintenance and use of free employment service facilities. Moneys received from the Federal Railroad Retirement Board as compensation for services or facilities supplied to said board shall be paid into the Employment Security Administration Fund.

      (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of chapter 50, the Employment Security Division is authorized to purchase supply items and equipment obtainable directly from the General Services Administration of the United States government or any other federal agency, out of funds established under the provisions of subsection (a) or (d) of section 31-259 or out of funds established by or granted pursuant to federal authority to the Employment Security Division, if the administrator deems such purchases to be in the best interests of the state and said Employment Security Division.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7509; 1969, P.A. 328; P.A. 77-614, S. 19, 610; P.A. 92-252.)

      History: 1969 act added Subsec. (b) re purchases of supply items, etc.; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of finance and control with secretary of the office of policy and management; P.A. 92-252 deleted provisions establishing the Connecticut state employment service department and the unemployment compensation department and added language providing that the employment security division shall be responsible for matters relating to unemployment compensation and the Connecticut state employment service.

      See Sec. 31-6 re federal aid for public unemployment offices.

      See Sec. 31-259 re Employment Security Administration Fund.

      Cited. 16 CS 263.

      Sec. 31-237a. Definitions. As used in this chapter, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise:

      (a) "Board" means the Employment Security Board of Review;

      (b) "Appeals division" means the Employment Security Appeals Division consisting of the board members, the referees employed in the referee section and all other supporting staff members employed in that division for discharge of its responsibilities as set forth in this chapter;

      (c) "Referee" means an employment security appeals referee;

      (d) "Chief referee" means the chief referee of the referee section;

      (e) "Referee section" means the organizational unit consisting of the employment security appeals referees employed in the appeals division and all other supporting staff members employed in that division for discharge of the responsibilities assigned to referees in accordance with this chapter; and

      (f) "Staff assistant" means the staff assistant to the Employment Security Board of Review.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 1, 36; P.A. 83-570, S. 7, 17.)

      History: P.A. 83-570 added Subdiv. (f) defining "staff assistant".

      Sections 31-237a to 31-238, inclusive, cited re their affect on the speed and fairness of the resolution of contested claims. 175 C. 269. Cited. 192 C. 104.

      Sec. 31-237b. Employment Security Appeals Division established. There shall be an appeals division which shall constitute the employment security administrative appellate system. The referee section shall be subject to the board's administrative direction, supervision and control.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 2, 36.)

      Cited. 172 C. 492. Cited. 181 C. 1. Cited. 192 C. 104.

      Sec. 31-237c. Employment Security Board of Review. Appointment of members, chairman, alternate members. (a) The board shall consist of three members appointed by the Governor, one of whom shall be designated by the Governor as chairman of the board of review. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (d) of section 5-198, such chairman shall be in the classified service and shall devote full time to the duties of his office. Such chairman shall be chosen by the Governor from a list of names submitted to him by the Commissioner of Administrative Services pursuant to the provisions of subsection (d) of section 5-228. The other two members appointed to serve during the appointing Governor's term of office shall be a representative of employers and a representative of employees and shall devote full time to the duties of their offices. The members of the board representing employers and employees shall be selected as such representatives based upon previous vocation, employment or affiliation. A member of the board may be removed by the Governor for cause.

      (b) The Governor shall have the authority to appoint one or more alternate members to the board. Alternate members shall have the power to complete any matter pending at the expiration of the terms for which they were appointed. Alternate members of the board shall serve at any time when so delegated by the Governor and the board and while so serving shall have all the powers of members of the board. Whenever an alternate member serves in place of a member of the board, he shall represent the same interest as the member in whose place he serves and shall be selected as such representative based upon previous vocation, employment or affiliation. The board may, at its option, require alternate members to sit with it in the fulfillment of any function of the board. Any alternate member shall receive one hundred fifty dollars in lieu of expenses for each day during which he performs the duties of a member of the board.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 3, 34, 36; P.A. 77-614, S. 482, 610; P.A. 83-570, S. 8, 17; P.A. 87-468, S. 1, 4.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 replaced personnel commissioner with commissioner of administrative services, deleted provision setting expiration of terms at first day of March in year when term of appointing governor expires and made other minor wording changes, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 83-570 added requirement that members devote full time to their duties and eliminated an obsolete provision concerning the timing of the first appointments to the board; P.A. 87-468 added Subsec. (b), granting the governor the authority to appoint alternate members to the board, establishing their powers and purposes, and providing for per diem payments of $150 for them.

      See title 2c re termination under "Sunset Law".

      Sec. 31-237d. Executive head of appeals division, delegation of his authority. Hearing of appeals to board. (a) The chairman of the board shall be the executive head of the appeals division. He may delegate to any person employed in the appeals division such authority as he deems reasonable and proper for the effective administration of the division's responsibilities.

      (b) In any appeal to the board the board or any of its members may hear the appeal, except that the full board shall hear and decide cases requiring the application of subsection (a)(3) of section 31-236 and cases in which a party has specifically requested in writing a hearing by the full board, provided the decision on all appeals shall be by a majority vote of the full board. The board shall approve or reject, by a majority vote, each request for a hearing before the full board in accordance with the criteria for granting such requests established in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-237g. In any case before the board, the board may delegate to a referee or other qualified employee of the appeals division the taking or hearing of evidence.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 4, 36; P.A. 79-100; P.A. 83-570, S. 9, 17; P.A. 88-53, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 79-100 transferred responsibility for hearing appeals from chairman to board or any number and specified that decisions must be made by a majority vote of the full board; P.A. 83-570 required board to approve or reject each request for a hearing before the full board by a majority vote; P.A. 88-53 amended Subsec. (b) to authorize the board to delegate to a qualified employee of the appeals division the taking or hearing of evidence; (Revisor's note: In 1991 the reference in Subsec. (b) to "subsection (3)" was changed editorially by the Revisors to read "subsection (a)(3)").

      Sec. 31-237e. Employment Security Appeals Division personnel, payment, appointment. (a) The members of the board, the chief referee and the referees of the state shall each be paid from the Employment Security Administration Fund a salary to be determined by the Commissioner of Administrative Services pursuant to section 4-40, provided the chief referee shall receive a salary greater than the salary paid to a referee and the chairman of the board shall receive a salary greater than the salary paid to the chief referee. Expenses incurred in the discharge of their duties of office by the chairman and members of the board, the chief referee, and the referees shall be reimbursed in accordance with regulations established for state employees by the Commissioner of Administrative Services.

      (b) Subject to the provisions of chapter 67, the board may appoint such employees in the appeals division as it deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities under this chapter, provided the board shall appoint a staff assistant. The staff assistant shall be qualified, by reason of his training, education and experience, to carry out the duties of the position, which include, but are not limited to, performing legal research for the board, advising referees on legal matters relating to procedural and substantive problems of hearings and appeals, assisting the board chairman in preparing legislative amendments to unemployment compensation law pertaining to appellate matters, serving as acting chairman of the board in the chairman's absence, and other related duties as required.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 6, 12, 36; P.A. 77-614, S. 67, 70, 610; P.A. 83-570, S. 10, 17.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 replaced personnel policy board and commissioner of finance and control with commissioner of administrative services; P.A. 83-570 amended section to provide for salary for members in lieu of per diem payments and to establish the position of staff assistant and specify his duties.

      Sec. 31-237f. Disqualification of board member; challenge; replacements. No member of the board shall participate in the hearing or disposition of any appeal in which such member has any direct or indirect interest. Challenge to the interest of any member of the board may be made by any party to the proceeding and claimed for short calendar, and such challenge shall be decided by the Superior Court. If the challenge is upheld, the administrator shall so advise the Governor. In such a case, the Governor shall assign an alternate member appointed pursuant to section 31-237c, except that the staff assistant shall automatically become acting chairman of the board in the chairman's absence. If a replacement for any member of the board is required, the Governor shall appoint a substitute who represents affiliations similar to that of the member being replaced to fill such unexpired term.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 8, 36; P.A. 83-570, S. 11, 17; P.A. 87-468, S. 2, 4.)

      History: P.A. 83-570 amended section to provide that staff assistant becomes acting chairman in the chairman's absence; P.A. 87-468 provided that when a challenge to a member is upheld, the governor shall assign an alternate member to serve.

      Sec. 31-237g. Powers of Employment Security Board of Review, rules of procedure. The board shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, concerning the rules of procedure for the hearing and disposition of appeals under the provisions of this chapter. The board shall also undertake such investigations as it deems necessary and consistent with this chapter.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 7, 36; P.A. 83-570, S. 12, 17.)

      History: P.A. 83-570 restated provisions re investigations and adoption of regulations establishing rules of procedure.

      Sec. 31-237h. Access of appeals division to records of the Employment Security Division. The appeals division shall have access to all records of the Employment Security Division necessary to the performance of the duties assigned to the board and the referees under this chapter.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 5, 36.)

      Sec. 31-237i. Referee section established. Appointment of referees; chief referee. (a) The referee section shall consist of such referees as the board deems necessary for the prompt processing of appeals hearings and decisions and for the performance of the duties imposed by this chapter. Each such referee shall be appointed by the board and shall be in the classified service of the state.

      (b) The chairman of the board shall designate from among the referees a chief referee. The chief referee shall be the administrative head of the referee section and may delegate to any referee or any person employed in the referee section such authority as he deems reasonable and proper for the effective administration of his duties.

      (c) The first appointments under this section shall be made no later than March 1, 1975. Any vacancy in the office of referee shall be filled by appointment by the board.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 9, 36; P.A. 81-5, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 81-5 removed all references to "unemployment commissioner" as referees in Subsec. (a) as the position is obsolete.

      Sec. 31-237j. Appeals to referee section; jurisdiction, venue; panel of referees. (a) The referees shall promptly hear and decide appeals from the decisions of the administrator of this chapter, or his designee, appeals from all other determinations made pursuant to any provision of this chapter and appeals from any proceeding conducted by authorized personnel of the Employment Security Division pursuant to directives of the United States of America and the Secretary of Labor of the United States. Except as otherwise provided in this chapter or in the applicable federal directives, appeals to referees shall be filed within the time limits and under the conditions prescribed in section 31-241.

      (b) The referees shall have state-wide jurisdiction and venue, and referee proceedings shall be conducted throughout the state in such places as are reasonably convenient for the parties.

      (c) The chief referee may appoint a panel of three referees to hear and decide any appeal involving (1) complex issues of fact, (2) complex issues of law, (3) multiple parties or (4) numerous witnesses. The decision on all such appeals shall be by a majority vote of the full panel.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 10, 11, 36; P.A. 81-5, S. 3; P.A. 88-53, S. 2; 88-72.)

      History: P.A. 81-5 deleted obsolete Subsec. (c), which concerned the transfer of proceedings pending before the unemployment commissioner on July 1, 1974; P.A. 88-53 added Subsec. (c) concerning the appointment of a panel of three referees to hear and decide certain appeals; P.A. 88-72 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that except as otherwise provided in this chapter or in federal directives, appeals shall be filed as prescribed in Sec. 31-241.

      Cited. 6 CA 588.

      Sec. 31-238. Budget of Employment Security Appeals Division. Provision for expenses, offices, equipment and supplies. The board shall annually prepare a budget request covering the necessary administrative costs of the appeals division for the next ensuing year. Upon approval by the administrator such request shall be incorporated in the budget request of the Employment Security Division for that fiscal year. The expenses of administration of the appeals division, upon approval by the administrator, shall be paid from the Employment Security Administration Fund by the Treasurer, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-85, on warrants drawn by the Comptroller at the direction of the chairman of the board. The administrator shall furnish the offices, equipment and supplies, and nonpersonal and housekeeping services required by the board and shall perform such other mechanics of administration as the board and the director may agree upon. The administrator shall furnish, whenever possible, such offices, equipment and supplies as are already provided for the central office of the Employment Security Division or its branch offices.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7510; April, 1964, P.A. 3, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 525, S. 1; P.A. 74-339, S. 13, 36.)

      History: 1964 act substituted "district established in section 31-276" for "existing congressional district"; 1967 act divided section into Subsecs., authorized chairman to employ necessary personnel, make expenditures, delegate authority and certify to official acts in Subsec. (b) and added Subsec. (c) re payment of expenses; P.A. 74-339 replaced previous provisions re unemployment commission entirely with provisions re budget requests and expenses re appeals division.

      Cited. 126 C. 442. Cited. 139 C. 35. Appointment provision directory and not mandatory. 165 C. 203.

      Sec. 31-239. Advisory council. Section 31-239 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7511; P.A. 77-614, S. 609, 610.)

      Sec. 31-240. Claim procedure. Filing. Claims for benefits shall be made, in accordance with such regulations as the administrator may prescribe, at the public employment bureau or branch most easily accessible either from the individual's place of residence or from the place of his most recent employment, as designated by the administrator.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7512.)

      Cited. 126 C. 442. Cited. 129 C. 75. Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Cited. 34 CA 620.

      Sec. 31-241. Determination of claims and benefits. Notice, hearing and appeal. Regulations. (a) The administrator, or a deputy or representative designated by him and hereinafter referred to as an examiner, shall promptly examine the initiating claim and, on the basis of the facts found by him, shall determine whether or not such claim is valid and, if valid, the weekly amount of benefits payable and the maximum possible duration thereof. He shall promptly notify the claimant of the decision and the reasons therefor, which notification shall set forth the provision of this section for appeal. The administrator or an examiner shall promptly examine each claim for a benefit payment for a week of unemployment and, on the basis of the facts found by him, shall determine whether or not the claimant is eligible to receive such benefit payment for such week and the amount of benefits payable for such week. The determination of eligibility by the administrator or an examiner shall be based upon evidence or testimony presented in such a manner as the administrator shall prescribe, including in person, in writing, by telephone or by other electronic means at a hearing called for such purpose. Notice of the decision and the reasons therefor shall be given to the claimant. The employers against whose accounts charges may be made due to any benefits awarded by the decision shall be notified of the initial determination of the claimant's benefit entitlement at the time notice is given to the claimant, which notification shall set forth the provisions of this section for appeal, provided any employer who claims that the claimant is ineligible for benefits because his unemployment is due to the existence of a labor dispute at such employer's factory, establishment or other premises, shall be notified of the decision and the reasons therefor, whether or not benefits awarded by the decision might be charged against such employer's account. The employer's appeal rights shall be limited to the first notice he is given in connection with a claim which sets forth his appeal rights, and no issue may be appealed if notice of such issue and the right to appeal such issue had previously been given. Notwithstanding any provisions of this chapter to the contrary, whenever the employer, after receiving notice of such hearing, fails to appear at the hearing or fails to timely submit a written response in a manner prescribed by the administrator, such employer's proportionate share of benefits paid to the claimant prior to the issuance of a decision by a referee under section 31-242 for any week beginning prior to the forty-second day after the end of the calendar week in which the employer's appeal was filed shall be charged against such employer's account and the claimant shall not be charged with an overpayment with respect to such benefits pursuant to subsection (a) of section 31-273. The decision of the administrator shall be final and benefits shall be paid or denied in accordance therewith unless the claimant or any of such employers, within twenty-one calendar days after such notification was mailed to his last-known address, files an appeal from such decision and applies for a hearing, provided (1) any such appeal which is filed after such twenty-one-day period may be considered to be timely filed if the filing party shows good cause, as defined in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-249h, for the late filing, (2) if the last day for filing an appeal falls on any day when the offices of the Employment Security Division are not open for business, such last day shall be extended to the next business day, and (3) if any such appeal is filed by mail, such appeal shall be considered timely filed if it was received within such twenty-one-day period or bears a legible United States postal service postmark which indicates that within such twenty-one-day period it was placed in the possession of such postal authorities for delivery to the appropriate office. Posting dates attributable to private postage meters shall not be considered in determining the timeliness of appeals filed by mail. Where the administrator or examiner has determined that the claimant is eligible for benefits, benefits shall be paid promptly in accordance with the determination regardless of the pendency of the period to file an appeal or the pendency of such appeal. No examiner shall participate in any case in which he is an interested party. Any person who has filed a claim for benefits pursuant to an agreement entered into by the administrator with the proper agency under the laws of the United States, whereby the administrator makes payment of unemployment compensation out of funds supplied by the United States, may in like manner file an appeal from the decision of such claim and apply for a hearing, and the United States or the agency thereof which had employed such person may in like manner appeal from the decision on such claim and apply for a hearing.

      (b) The administrator shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of section 31-244 and chapter 54, effective July 1, 1992, establishing procedures and guidelines necessary to implement the provisions of this section. Such regulations shall prescribe a minimum number of days of advance notice to be afforded parties prior to a hearing and standards for determining the timeliness of written responses to hearing notices.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7513; 1955, S. 3077d; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 5; February, 1965, P.A. 347; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 15; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 22; P.A. 73-536, S. 7, 12; P.A. 74-229, S. 18, 22; 74-339, S. 14, 36; P.A. 79-187, S. 2; P.A. 80-260, S. 1; P.A. 87-364, S. 1, 8; P.A. 91-107, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-323, S. 4, 8.)

      History: 1965 act specified that 7-day period for appeals excludes Sundays and holidays; 1967 act provided for extension of appeal deadline if last day for filing "falls on any day when the offices of the employment security division are not open for business"; 1971 act replaced provision which allowed payment of benefits which may be affected by hearing only after final determination is reached with provisions setting forth conditions under which payments may be made during the course of the appeal procedure; P.A. 73-536 specified that notification of employers is not necessary "in cases of claimants laid off for lack of work" and reworded notification provision for clarity, deleted references to "merit rating" accounts and to "compensable separations" and deleted provision requiring notification of state or political subdivision in claims where it is designated a base period employer; P.A. 74-229 deleted exception re notification requirement for claimants laid off for lack of work, required notification of employers re initial determination of benefit entitlement in all cases, added provision limiting employer's appeal rights and extended time for appeal to 14 days, deleting former exclusion for Sundays and holidays; P.A. 74-339 required that determination of eligibility be based on evidence presented in person or in writing at hearing and required that benefits be paid regardless of appeal where previously payment of benefits was conditional; P.A. 79-187 required notification of employers "at the time notice is given to the claimant" rather than "in accordance with subsection (f) of section 31-225a"; P.A. 80-260 increased time for appeal to 21 days; P.A. 87-364 provided that an appeal filed after 21 calendar days may be timely if there was good cause for the late filing, and that the postmark of any appeal filed by mail will be used to determine timeliness; P.A. 91-107 designated existing section as Subsec. (a), made a technical change, added provisions re failure of the employer to appear at a hearing or submit a written response and added Subsec. (b) re regulations, effective July 1, 1992; P.A. 95-323 amended Subsec. (a) to allow evidence or testimony presented by telephone or by other electronic means, effective October 1, 1995, and applicable to any separation of employment occurring on or after that date.

      See Sec. 1-2a re construing of references to "United States mail" or "postmark" to include references to any delivery service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to Section 7502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any successor to the code, as amended, and to any date recorded or marked as described in said Section 7502 by a designated delivery service and construing of "registered or certified mail" to include any equivalent designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to said Section 7502.

      Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Cited. 135 C. 373. Cited. 141 C. 321. Unemployment commissioner's conclusion that the unemployment of the plaintiffs was due to the existence of a labor dispute is supported by the finding and therefore must stand. 142 C. 497. Cited re section's affect on the speed and fairness of the resolution of contested claims. 175 C. 269. Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581. Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Cited. 1 CA 591. Cited. 2 CA 1. Cited. 9 CA 131. Cited. 39 CA 441.

      Cited. 15 CS 62. Cited. 18 CS 11. Cited. 23 CS 236. Cited. 27 CS 217. For any period subsequent to period covered by commissioner's decision, claimant is entitled to new notification and new seven-day period thereafter in which to take another appeal. 28 CS 248. Effect of late appeal. 30 CS 105. Cited. 37 CS 38. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-242. Referee's hearing of claim on appeal from examiner: Decision, notices, remand; disqualification of referee, challenge. Unless such appeal is withdrawn, a referee shall promptly hear the claim, de novo, and render a decision thereon. Unless he has waived the notice or agreed to a shorter period of time, notice, by mail or otherwise, of the time and place of such hearing shall be given each interested party not less than five days prior to the date appointed therefor. The parties, including the administrator, shall be notified of the referee's decision, which notification shall be accompanied by a finding of the facts and the conclusions of law upon which the decision is based. The referee may, for good cause, issue a decision which remands the case to the administrator for such further proceedings as the referee may reasonably direct. Such hearing shall be held by the referee designated by the chief referee. No referee shall hear an appeal if he has any interest in the proceeding or in the business of any party to the proceeding. A challenge to the interest of a referee may be made by any party to the proceeding. The decision on said challenge shall be made by the chairman of the board, after proceedings held in accordance with such rules of procedures as the board may establish.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7514; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 23; P.A. 74-339, S. 15, 36; P.A. 87-364, S. 2, 8.)

      History: 1971 act deleted "congressional" with references to districts; P.A. 74-339 referred to referees rather than commissioners, authorized waiver of notice or agreement to shorter time period by interested parties and added provisions re challenges to interest of referees; P.A. 87-364 provided that the referee may remand the case to the administrator for good cause.

      Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Cited. 135 C. 696. Cited. 161 C. 362. Cited re section's affect on the speed and fairness of the resolution of contested claims. 175 C. 269. Cited. 192 C. 581. Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Cited. 1 CA 591. Cited. 2 CA 1. Cited. 34 CA 620.

      Only employers whose merit rating accounts were charged with compensable separations have right to appeal from original award. 15 CS 62. Commissioner limited in his decision to the period covered by the decision of the examiner. 18 CS 11. Cited. 21 CS 19. Cited. 27 CS 217. Case remanded to commissioner for further proceedings where decision made was not specific as to dates of claimant's ineligibility for benefits on grounds of his failure to make reasonable efforts to find work. 28 CS 248. Cited. 37 CS 38. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-243. Continuous jurisdiction. Jurisdiction over benefits shall be continuous but the initiating of a valid appeal under section 31-242 or the pendency of valid appellate proceedings under section 31-249 shall, if the appellate tribunal has taken jurisdiction, stay any proceeding hereunder, but only in respect to the same period and the same parties, but shall not cause the cessation of payment of benefits as provided by section 31-242. Where the appellate tribunal has not taken jurisdiction, upon his own initiative, or upon application of any party in interest, the administrator, or the examiner designated by him, may, at any time within six months after the date of the original decision, or within such other time limits as may be applicable under section 31-273, review an award of benefits or the denial of a claim therefor, in accordance with the procedure prescribed in respect to claims, and may issue a new decision, which may award, terminate, continue, increase or decrease such benefits. Such new decision shall be appealable under the provisions of section 31-242 within the time prescribed in section 31-241, and where the claimant has been free from fault, a redetermination or new decision shall not affect benefits paid under a prior order. Any decision to review an award of benefits or the denial of a claim under this section shall be solely within the discretion of the administrator and shall not be appealable under the provisions of section 31-242.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7515; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 24; P.A. 77-604, S. 20, 84; P.A. 92-210, S. 2.)

      History: 1971 act specified effect of appeals on proceedings and payment of benefits, added reference to time limits "applicable under section 31-273" in provision re review and specified that new decision is appealable under Sec. 31-242 rather than subject to review; P.A. 77-604 made technical correction substituting "affect" for "effect"; P.A. 92-210 added language providing that the administrator or examiner may review an award of benefits or denial of a claim where the appellate tribunal has not taken jurisdiction, deleted requirement for a change in conditions as grounds for review, and added language providing that decision to review shall be solely within the discretion of the administrator and shall not be appealable under Sec. 31-242.

      Permits change of decision because of modifying circumstances and is limited to that. 161 C. 362. A limitation on the administration's power to oppose the plaintiff's appeal does not exist under this statute. 192 C. 104. Cited. Id., 581.

      Administrator without power to review a decision made more than six months previously. 20 CS 107. Recovery of overpayment, when. 30 CS 123.

      Sec. 31-244. Procedure. The manner in which disputed claims shall be presented and the reports thereon required from the claimant and from employers shall be in accordance with regulations prescribed by the administrator. Neither the administrator nor the examiners shall be bound by the ordinary common law or statutory rules of evidence or procedure, but may make inquiry in such manner, through oral testimony or written and printed records, as is best calculated to ascertain the substantial rights of the parties and carry out justly the provisions of this chapter. A complete record shall be kept of all proceedings in connection with a disputed claim.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7516; P.A. 74-339, S. 16, 36.)

      History: P.A. 74-339 deleted provisions re hearings before the unemployment commission or its commissioners.

      Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Cited. 141 C. 321. Sections 31-244 to 31-249f, inclusive, cited re their affect on the speed and fairness of the resolution of contested claims. 175 C. 269. Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581. Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Cited. 16 CS 227. Cited. 18 CS 12. Claimant's petition was not dismissed because of his failure to comply with technicality of procedure, where there was sufficient statement of ground for review. 27 CS 403. Cited. 29 CS 316.

      Sec. 31-244a. Procedure on appeals; hearings; rules of evidence; record. The conduct of hearings and appeals, including notice thereof, shall be in accordance with rules of procedure prescribed by the board in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-237g. No formal pleadings shall be required, beyond such notices as the board provides for by its rules of procedure. The referees and the board shall not be bound by the ordinary common law or statutory rules of evidence or procedure. They shall make inquiry in such manner, through oral testimony and written and printed records, as is best calculated to ascertain the substantial rights of the parties and carry out justly the provisions of this chapter. A record shall be prepared of all testimony and proceedings at any hearing before a referee and before the board but need not be transcribed unless an appeal is taken from the referee's or board's decision, as the case may be.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 17, 36; P.A. 83-570, S. 13, 17.)

      History: P.A. 83-570 added reference to procedural regulations.

      Authorizes preparation of unemployment compensation hearing transcripts at the administrative appeal stage; there is no statutory requirement that plaintiffs be provided with free transcripts of hearings before appeals referees. 192 C. 581.

      Cited. 40 CS 208.

      Sec. 31-245. Authority to administer oaths and issue subpoenas. In the discharge of the duties imposed by this chapter, the administrator, the examiners, the referees, the hearing officials designated pursuant to subsection (b) of section 31-237d and subsection (b) of section 31-273, and the chairman of the board shall have power to administer oaths and affirmations, certify to official acts and issue subpoenas to compel the attendance of witnesses and the production of books, papers, correspondence, memoranda and other records deemed necessary as evidence in connection with the disputed claim or the administration of this chapter.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7517; P.A. 74-339, S. 18, 36; P.A. 81-5, S. 4; P.A. 86-403, S. 63, 132; P.A. 88-53, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 74-339 deleted reference to unemployment commissioners and made provisions applicable to referees, chairman of the board and hearing officials designated pursuant to Sec. 31-273(e); P.A. 81-5 substituted reference to Sec. 31-273(f) for reference to Sec. 31-273(e); P.A. 86-403 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 31-273(b) for reference to Sec. 31-273(f); P.A. 88-53 added the reference to hearing officials designated pursuant to Subsec. (b) of Sec. 31-237d.

      Cited. 192 C. 581. Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Sec. 31-246. Enforcement of subpoena. In case of contumacy by any person, or his refusal to obey a subpoena issued to him under section 31-245, any court of this state within the jurisdiction of which the inquiry is carried on or within the jurisdiction of which such person guilty of contumacy or of refusal to obey is found or resides or transacts business, upon application by a referee, the chairman of the board or the administrator, shall have jurisdiction to issue to such person an order requiring him to appear before the referee, the board, the administrator or any examiner, there to produce evidence if so ordered or there to give testimony concerning the matter under investigation or in question; and any person failing to obey such order of the court may be punished by such court as for contempt thereof. Any person who, without just cause, fails to attend and testify or to answer any lawful inquiry or to produce books, papers, correspondence, memoranda or other records, if it is in his power to do so, in obedience to a subpoena issued to him under said section 31-245, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months or both.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7518; P.A. 74-339, S. 19, 36.)

      History: P.A. 74-339 replaced references to unemployment commissioners with references to referees, the board and its chairman.

      Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Sec. 31-247. Witness fees. Payment of expenses of proceedings. Subject to the approval of the administrator or chairman of the board, witnesses before the administrator, the referee or the board appearing pursuant to the provisions of section 31-245 shall be allowed fees as provided by law in civil actions. Such fees and all expenses of the Employment Security Appeals Division in connection with proceedings involving disputed claims shall be deemed a part of the expense of administering this chapter.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7519; P.A. 74-339, S. 20, 36; P.A. 81-5, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 74-339 required approval of administrator or chairman of the board rather than of commissioner and specified witnesses who are allowed fees as those "before the administrator, the referee or the board appearing pursuant to the provisions of section 31-245"; P.A. 81-5 replaced "unemployment commission" with "employment security appeals division".

      See Sec. 31-259(c) re withdrawals from Employment Security Administration Fund for payment of expenses incurred under this chapter.

      See Sec. 52-260 re witness fees.

      Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Sec. 31-248. Decisions of employment security referee; final date, notice; reopening; judicial review. (a) Any decision of a referee, in the absence of a timely filed appeal from a party aggrieved thereby or a timely filed motion to reopen, vacate, set aside or modify such decision from a party aggrieved thereby, shall become final on the twenty-second calendar day after the date on which a copy of the decision is mailed to the party, provided (1) any such appeal or motion which is filed after such twenty-one-day period may be considered to be timely filed if the filing party shows good cause, as defined in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-249h, for the late filing, (2) if the last day for filing an appeal or motion falls on any day when the offices of the Employment Security Division are not open for business, such last day shall be extended to the next business day, and (3) if any such appeal or motion is filed by mail, such appeal or motion shall be considered to be timely filed if it was received within such twenty-one-day period or bears a legible United States postal service postmark which indicates that within such twenty-one-day period, it was placed in the possession of such postal authorities for delivery to the appropriate office. Posting dates attributable to private postage meters shall not be considered in determining the timeliness of appeals or motions filed by mail.

      (b) Any decision of a referee may be reopened, set aside, vacated or modified on the timely filed motion of a party aggrieved by such decision, or on the referee's own timely filed motion, on grounds of new evidence or if the ends of justice so require upon good cause shown. The appeal period shall run from the mailing of a copy of the decision entered after any such reopening, setting aside, vacation or modification, or a decision denying such motion, as the case may be, provided no such motion from any party may be accepted with regard to a decision denying a preceding motion to reopen, vacate, set aside or modify filed by the same party. An appeal to the board from a referee's decision may be processed by the referee as a motion for purposes of reopening, vacating, setting aside or modifying such decision, solely in order to grant the relief requested.

      (c) Judicial review of any decision shall be permitted only after a party aggrieved thereby has exhausted his remedy before the board, as provided in this chapter. The administrator shall be deemed to be a party to any judicial proceeding involving any such decision and shall be represented in such proceeding by the Attorney General.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7520; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 25; P.A. 74-339, S. 21, 36; P.A. 77-426, S. 11, 19; P.A. 80-260, S. 2; P.A. 81-5, S. 6; P.A. 87-364, S. 3, 8.)

      History: 1971 act specified circumstances under which decision may be reopened, vacated, etc., set appeal period after reopening or modification and substituted "proceeding" for "action"; P.A. 74-339 substituted references to referees for references to commissioners and referred to date of mailing or personal delivery of copy of decision rather than to date of decision's rendition; P.A. 77-426 deleted references to personal delivery of copy of decision; P.A. 80-260 changed time at which decision becomes final or is reopened, modified, etc from fifteenth day after notification is mailed to twenty-second day after mailing; P.A. 81-5 substituted "board" for "commission"; P.A. 87-364 provided that appeal filed after 21 calendar days may be timely if there was good cause for the late filing, that 21-day period can only end on a business day and that postmark of any appeal filed by mail will be used to determine timeliness, and established requirements for filing motions to reopen, set aside, vacate or modify the referee's decision.

      See Sec. 1-2a re construing of references to "United States mail" or "postmark" to include references to any delivery service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to Section 7502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any successor to the code, as amended, and to any date recorded or marked as described in said Section 7502 by a designated delivery service and construing of "registered or certified mail" to include any equivalent designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to said Section 7502.

      Cited. 126 C. 442. Cited. 129 C. 75. Cited. 141 C. 321. Final decision is not prohibited opening a decision. 161 C. 362. Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581.

      Cited. 3 CA 258. Cited. 9 CA 131. Cited. 43 CA 512.

      Cited. 27 CS 404. Where plaintiff's petition of appeal failed totally to present any grounds of review, decision of commissioner became final on fifteenth day after it was rendered. Id., 407.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-248a. Transfer of case from referee to Employment Security Board of Review. At any time before the referee's decision has become final within the periods of time prescribed in section 31-248 or at any time during the pendency of a proceeding before a referee, the board may transfer any case to itself for hearing and decision either on its own motion or at the request of any party to the proceeding, including the administrator.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 24, 36.)

      Cited. 192 C. 581. Cited. 196 C. 546.

      Sec. 31-249. Appeal from employment security referee's decision to Employment Security Board of Review. At any time before the referee's decision has become final within the periods of limitation prescribed in section 31-248, any party including the administrator, may appeal therefrom to the board. Such appeal shall be filed and may be heard in any local office of the employment security division or, in the case of an interstate claim, in the office in which the claim was filed, or in the office of the appeals referee or the board of review. Such appeal to the board may be heard on the record of the hearing before the referee or the board may hear additional evidence or testimony, provided the board shall determine what evidence shall be heard in the appeal established in accordance with the standards and criteria in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-237g. The board may remand the case to a referee for such further proceedings as it may direct. Upon the final determination of the appeal by the board, it shall issue its decision, affirming, modifying or reversing the decision of the referee. The board shall state in each decision whether or not it was based on the record of the hearing before the referees, the reasons for the decision and the citations of any precedents used to support it. In any case in which the board modifies the referee's findings of fact or conclusions of law, the board's decision shall include its findings of fact and conclusions of law.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7521; 1951, S. 3078d; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 26; P.A. 74-339, S. 22, 36; P.A. 77-426, S. 12, 19; P.A. 83-570, S. 14, 17.)

      History: 1971 act substituted "judicial proceeding" for "action", replaced section 397 with section 438 of practice book, deleted "of errors" with reference to "supreme court", specified appeals to superior court need not require bond, authorized court to order that appeal shall not stay decision pending final adjudication, included disposition of appeal by remand and added provisions re procedure in remanded cases and gave judges unquestioned right to make rules regarding appeals from decisions of unemployment commissioners where previously they had the same right "as they have in workmen's compensation appeals"; P.A. 74-339 replaced references to commissioners with references to referees and replaced previous provisions re appeals to superior court with new provisions re appeals to the board; P.A. 77-426 added provision re sites at which appeals shall be filed and heard; P.A. 83-570 added reference to procedural regulations and required board to include statement of basis and reasons for decision and citation of precedents in its decisions.

      See Sec. 31-301 re appeals to Compensation Review Board under provisions of Workers' Compensation Act.

      Expenses of appeal denied where not claimed before administrator. 133 C. 310. Court does not try matter de novo. Court may correct finding only to extent provided by Practice Book. 139 C. 20. Cited. 141 C. 321. Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581. Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Cited. 1 CA 591. Cited. 2 CA 1. Cited. 6 CA 588. Cited. 9 CA 131. Cited. 34 CA 620.

      Grounds on which supreme court may correct commissioner's findings. 7 CS 375; 10 CS 186. Appeal same as provided for in workmen's compensation act. 12 CS 391. Right of appeal limited to those originally allowed to appeal under Sec. 31-241. 15 CS 62. Aggrieved party analogous to Sec. 45-288. Id., 62. Cited. 17 CS 288. Court lacks jurisdiction to hear appeal if basis of commissioner's jurisdiction is not found in this chapter. 21 CS 19. Function of court is to determine whether commissioner acted unreasonably, arbitrarily or illegally. Id., 144. Court may only determine whether commissioner acted unreasonably, arbitrarily or illegally. But if findings and conclusions of commissioner are not warranted by evidence, court may remand case for a rehearing and finding of facts in accordance with evidence. 22 CS 302. Cited. 23 CS 193; Id., 236. Function of court is only to ascertain whether commissioner's conclusion was unreasonable, arbitrary or illegal. 24 CS 507. Cited. 27 CS 215. Appeals hereunder are distinguished from workmen's compensation act appeals in that grounds on which review is sought should be stated. Id., 403. In total absence of any statement of grounds of review, superior court had no jurisdiction of appeal and decision of commissioner became final fifteen days after it was rendered. Id., 407. Review powers of superior court sufficient to remand decision of commissioner to him to make it more specific and to make full determination of rights of parties. 28 CS 248. Cited. 29 CS 316. Superior court has only limited jurisdiction to review commissioner's finding. 33 CS 119. Cited. 37 CS 38. Cited. 39 CS 520. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-249a. Decision of board, final date, grounds for reopening appeal, payment of benefits, exhaustion of remedies. (a) Any decision of the board, in the absence of a timely filed appeal from a party aggrieved thereby or a timely filed motion to reopen, vacate, set aside or modify such decision from a party aggrieved thereby, shall become final on the thirty-first calendar day after the date on which a copy of the decision is mailed to the party, provided (1) any such appeal or motion which is filed after such thirty-day period may be considered to be timely filed if the filing party shows good cause, as defined in regulations adopted pursuant to section 31-249h, for the late filing, (2) if the last day for filing an appeal or motion falls on any day when the offices of the Employment Security Division are not open for business, such last day shall be extended to the next business day and (3) if any such appeal or motion is filed by mail, such appeal or motion shall be considered to be timely filed if it was received within such thirty-day period or bears a legible United States postal service postmark which indicates that within such thirty-day period it was placed in the possession of such postal authorities for delivery to the appropriate office. Posting dates attributable to private postage meters shall not be considered in determining the timeliness of appeals or motions filed by mail.

      (b) Any decision of the board may be reopened, vacated, set aside, or modified on the timely filed motion of a party aggrieved by such decision, or on the board's own timely filed motion, on grounds of new evidence or if the ends of justice so require upon good cause shown. The appeal period shall run from the mailing of a copy of the decision entered after any such reopening, vacating, setting aside or modification, or the decision denying such motion, as the case may be, provided no such motion from any party may be accepted with regard to a decision denying a preceding motion to reopen, vacate, set aside or modify filed by the same party. An appeal to Superior Court from a board decision may be processed by the board as a motion for purposes of reopening, vacating, setting aside or modifying such decision solely in order to grant the relief requested.

      (c) Benefits shall be paid or denied in accordance with the decision of the board. Where the board has determined that the claimant is eligible for benefits and an appeal has been initiated under section 31-249b, benefits shall be paid during the pendency of an appeal before the court. Judicial review of any decision shall be permitted only after a party aggrieved thereby has exhausted his remedies before the board, as provided in this chapter.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 23, 36; P.A. 77-426, S. 13, 19; P.A. 79-187, S. 3; P.A. 87-364, S. 4, 8.)

      History: P.A. 77-426 deleted reference to personal delivery of copy of decision; P.A. 79-187 changed time for final decision or for reopening, modifying, etc. decision from fifteenth to thirty-first day after mailing of decision; P.A. 87-364 provided that appeal filed after 21 calendar days may be timely if there was good cause for the late filing, that 21-day period can only end on a business day and that postmark of any appeal filed by mail will be used to determine timeliness, and established requirements for filing motions to reopen, set aside, vacate or modify the referee's decision.

      See Sec. 1-2a re construing of references to "United States mail" or "postmark" to include references to any delivery service designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to Section 7502 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 or any successor to the code, as amended, and to any date recorded or marked as described in said Section 7502 by a designated delivery service and construing of "registered or certified mail" to include any equivalent designated by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to said Section 7502.

      Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Board's decision on whether to reopen a case is discretionary, not mandatory. 36 CS 210, 211. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-249b. Appeal. At any time before the board's decision has become final, any party, including the administrator, may appeal such decision, including any claim that the decision violates statutory or constitutional provisions, to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford or for the judicial district wherein the appellant resides. Any or all parties similarly situated may join in one appeal. In such judicial proceeding the original and five copies of a petition, which shall state the grounds on which a review is sought, shall be filed in the office of the board. The chairman of the board shall, within the third business day thereafter, cause the original petition or petitions to be mailed to the clerk of the Superior Court and copy or copies thereof to the administrator and to each other party to the proceeding in which such appeal was taken; and said clerk shall docket such appeal as returned to the next return day after the receipt of such petition or petitions. In all cases, the board shall certify the record to the court. The record shall consist of the notice of appeal to the referee and the board, the notices of hearing before them, the referee's findings of fact and decision, the findings and decision of the board, all documents admitted into evidence before the referee and the board or both and all other evidentiary material accepted by them. Upon request of the court, the board shall (1) in cases in which its decision was rendered on the record of such hearing before the referee, prepare and verify to the court a transcript of such hearing before the referee; and (2) in cases in which its decision was rendered on the record of its own evidentiary hearing, provide and verify to the court a transcript of such hearing of the board. In any appeal, any finding of the referee or the board shall be subject to correction only to the extent provided by section 22-9 of the Connecticut Practice Book. Such appeals shall be claimed for the short calendar unless the court shall order the appeal placed on the trial list. An appeal may be taken from the decision of the Superior Court to the Appellate Court in the same manner as is provided in section 51-197b. It shall not be necessary in any judicial proceeding under this section that exceptions to the rulings of the board shall have been made or entered and no bond shall be required for entering an appeal to the Superior Court. Unless the court shall otherwise order after motion and hearing, the final decision of the court shall be the decision as to all parties to the original proceeding. In any appeal in which one of the parties is not represented by counsel and in which the party taking the appeal does not claim the case for the short calendar or trial within a reasonable time after the return day, the court may of its own motion dismiss the appeal, or the party ready to proceed may move for nonsuit or default as appropriate. When an appeal is taken to the Superior Court, the clerk thereof shall by writing notify the board of any action of the court thereon and of the disposition of such appeal whether by judgment, remand, withdrawal or otherwise and shall, upon the decision on the appeal, furnish the board with a copy of such decision. The court may remand the case to the board for proceedings de novo, or for further proceedings on the record, or for such limited purposes as the court may prescribe. The court also may order the board to remand the case to a referee for any further proceedings deemed necessary by the court. The court may retain jurisdiction by ordering a return to the court of the proceedings conducted in accordance with the order of the court or the court may order final disposition. A party aggrieved by a final disposition made in compliance with an order of the Superior Court, by the filing of an appropriate motion, may request the court to review the disposition of the case.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 25, 36; P.A. 75-339; P.A. 76-436, S. 620, 681; P.A. 78-280, S. 1, 5, 127; P.A. 79-376, S. 32; P.A. 80-428; P.A. 81-472, S. 64, 159; P.A. 82-472, S. 107, 183; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29, S. 14, 82; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-220, S. 4-6; P.A. 00-196, S. 20; P.A. 07-193, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 75-339 allowed appeals to court "in and for the county wherein the appellant resides"; P.A. 76-436 added reference to judicial districts and specified that appeals to supreme court be made in accordance with Sec. 52-7 rather than "in the same manner as is provided in civil actions", effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 78-280 deleted reference to counties and substituted "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" for "Hartford county"; P.A. 79-376 replaced "workmen's compensation" with "workers' compensation"; P.A. 80-428 specified when transcript is to be provided to court where previously transcript was a part of record without exception; P.A. 81-472 removed language concerning the assignment of appeals with the same privileges as workers' compensation appeals, as such workers compensation appeals no longer have preferential status; P.A. 82-472 made a technical correction; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-29 deleted reference to supreme court and substituted appellate court in lieu thereof; P.A. 88-230 replaced "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" with "judicial district of Hartford", effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 00-196 made a technical change; P.A. 07-193 authorized appeal of board's decision, including any claim that decision violates statutory or constitutional provisions.

      Cited. 172 C. 492. Cited. 175 C. 562. Cited. 177 C. 132. Cited. 181 C. 1. Cited. 184 C. 317. Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581. Cited. 196 C. 440. Cited. 209 C. 381. Cited. 238 C. 273. There is no language in this or any other unemployment compensation statute suggesting that court may hear claims on appeal from the board over which the board lacks jurisdiction. 280 C. 745.

      Cited. 1 CA 591. Cited. 2 CA 1. Cited. 5 CA 309. Cited. 6 CA 588. Cited. 25 CA 130. Cited. 34 CA 620. Cited. 39 CA 441. Cited. 43 CA 779. Plaintiff's failure to appeal timely from trial court's prior dismissal of his unemployment compensation claim concluded his cause of action for unemployment benefits. Accordingly, plaintiff's petition for declaratory and injunctive relief based on identical claim arising from the same underlying proceeding was properly dismissed. 93 CA 37.

      Reviewing court does not try the matter de novo, but only determines whether the board acted unreasonably, arbitrarily or illegally. 36 CS 210. Cited. 37 CS 38. Cited. 40 CS 305. Cited. 44 CS 285.

      Sec. 31-249c. Administrator a party to all appeal proceedings. Right of board to intervene as a party. The administrator shall be deemed to be a party to any proceeding under this chapter before a referee, the board or any reviewing court. The board shall have the right to intervene as a party in any proceeding under this chapter before a reviewing court.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 27, 36; P.A. 91-227.)

      History: P.A. 91-227 added provisions re right of the board to intervene as a party in proceedings before a reviewing court.

      Cited. 192 C. 104; Id., 581.

      Cited. 39 CA 441.

      Sec. 31-249d. Disqualification of referees and board members as advocates. No referee or member of the board shall appear for or on behalf of himself or any party before any other referee or before the board. No referee or member of the board shall appear in any court on his own behalf or on behalf of any party whose matter before the court consists of an appeal or other proceeding which commenced before one of the referees or before the board.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 26, 36.)

      Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Sec. 31-249e. Decisions of board and referees to be in writing, delivered to parties with appellate notice. Every decision of a referee, or the board shall be in writing and delivered in person or by mail to the parties concerned immediately following its rendition. The decision shall contain a notice setting forth the appellate rights of parties.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 28, 36.)

      Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Sec. 31-249f. Decisions of board as precedents, referees' decisions as authority. Index of cases decided. (a) Final decisions of the board shall be binding in all subsequent proceedings involving similar questions. Final decisions of referees and the principles of law declared in their support shall be binding on the administrator and shall further be persuasive authority in subsequent referee proceedings. If in any subsequent proceeding the administrator or a referee has serious doubt as to the correctness of any principles previously declared by a referee or by the board, or if there is an apparent inconsistency or conflict in final decisions of comparable authority, then the findings of fact in such case may be certified, together with the question of law involved, to the board. After giving notice and reasonable opportunity for hearing upon the law to all parties to the proceedings, the board shall certify to the administrator or referee and the parties its answer to the question submitted; or the board in its discretion may remove to itself the entire proceeding as provided in section 31-248a and render its decision upon the entire case.

      (b) The board shall publish an index of all cases decided by the board on and after July 1, 1983. The index shall include, but not be limited to, a subject reference and a reference of all statutory sections and court cases under which each case was decided.

      (P.A. 74-339, S. 30, 36; P.A. 83-570, S. 15, 17.)

      History: P.A. 83-570 added Subsec. (b) requiring index of decisions.

      Cited. 192 C. 581.

      Sec. 31-249g. Use of arbitration decisions by board or referees. Preclusive effect of unemployment compensation proceedings. (a) In proceedings conducted pursuant to this chapter, the Employment Security Board of Review or any employment security appeals referee may admit into evidence any decision resulting from arbitration proceedings and shall accord such decision the weight appropriate under the facts and circumstances of the case, provided no such decision shall have preclusive effect in any proceeding under this chapter.

      (b) No finding of fact or conclusion of law contained in a decision of an employment security appeals referee, the board of review or a court, obtained under this chapter, shall have preclusive effect in any other action or proceeding, except proceedings under this chapter.

      (P.A. 87-364, S. 5, 8.)

      Sec. 31-249h. Regulations defining "good cause". On or before January 1, 1988, the Employment Security Board of Review shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which establish a definition of "good cause" for the timeliness of filing motions or appeals pursuant to sections 31-241, 31-248 and 31-249a. Such regulations may be adopted by the board prior to January 1, 1988, but may not take effect prior to that date.

      (P.A. 87-364, S. 6, 8.)

      Sec. 31-250. Administration. Duties and powers of administrator. (a) In administering this chapter, the administrator may adopt such regulations, employ such persons, make such expenditures, require such reports, make such investigations and take such other action as may be necessary or suitable. Such regulations shall be effective upon publication in the manner which the administrator prescribes. As provided in section 4-60, the administrator shall submit to the Governor a report covering the administration and operation of this chapter during the preceding fiscal year and shall make such recommendations for amendments to this chapter as he deems proper. The administrator shall comply with the provisions of Section 303(a)(6) and (7) of the federal Social Security Act, and of Section 303(c), added to the federal Social Security Act by Section 13(g) of the federal Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act. The administrator is authorized to receive the reimbursement of the federal share of extended benefits paid under the provisions of sections 31-232b to 31-232h, inclusive, and section 31-232k that are reimbursable under the provisions of federal law.

      (b) In the administration of this chapter, the administrator shall cooperate with the United States Department of Labor to the fullest extent consistent with the provisions of this chapter, and shall take such action, through the adoption of appropriate rules, regulations, administrative methods and standards, as may be necessary to secure to this state and its citizens all advantages available under the provisions of the Social Security Act that relate to unemployment compensation, the federal Unemployment Tax Act, the Wagner-Peyser Act, and other appropriate federal law.

      (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4b-23 to the contrary, the administrator shall have the authority to carry out all activities necessary to lease premises required for employment security operations, provided (1) said administrator has complied with all applicable federal requirements, (2) only federal funds are used for such leasing activities and (3) the proposed terms of the lease have been submitted to the Commissioner of Public Works and approved by the State Properties Review Board, which board shall, not more than sixty days after receipt of such lease from said commissioner, issue its approval or disapproval based solely upon whether the proposed location and rent are reasonable when compared to available space and prevailing rents in the same geographic area.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7522; September, 1957, P.A. 11, S. 13; October, 1970, P.A. 1, S. 13; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 27; P.A. 76-116, S. 1; P.A. 77-614, S. 73, 610; P.A. 81-17, S. 8, 9; P.A. 87-496, S. 99, 110.)

      History: 1970 act authorized administrator to receive the reimbursement of the federal share of extended benefits; 1971 act added Subsec. (b) re cooperation with U.S. Department of Labor and actions to secure advantage available under federal law; P.A. 76-116 added Subsec. (c) re administrator's leasing powers; P.A. 77-614 replaced public works commissioner with commissioner of administrative services; P.A. 81-17 added reference to benefits under Sec. 31-232k in Subsec. (a); P.A. 87-496 substituted "public works" for "administrative services" commissioner in Subsec. (c).

      See chapter 54 re uniform administrative procedure.

      Constitutionality of regulation defining agricultural labor upheld. 125 C. 300.

      Policies of department have less legal standing than regulations and cannot amend a statute to effectuate purpose not therein stated. Hence policy of department providing that "a nonunion job is unsuitable for a union man" is untenable as discriminatory. 27 CS 446.

      Sec. 31-250a. Advisory board. Membership. Functions and duties. (a) There is established an advisory board to advise the administrator on matters concerning policy for and the operation of the Employment Security Division. The advisory board shall consist of eight members, who shall be appointed as follows: Two by the Governor, one of whom shall be appointed with the advice of state-wide organizations representing employers and one with the advice of state-wide labor organizations; one by the president pro tempore of the Senate with the advice of state-wide labor organizations; one by the speaker of the House of Representatives with the advice of state-wide labor organizations; one by the majority leader of the Senate with the advice of state-wide organizations representing employers; one by the majority leader of the House of Representatives with the advice of state-wide organizations representing employers; one by the minority leader of the Senate with the advice of organizations representing employers; and one by the minority leader of the House of Representatives with the advice of state-wide labor organizations.

      (b) The initial terms of the members shall be as follows: Those appointed by the Governor shall serve for one year; those appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and the majority leader of the House of Representatives shall serve for two years; those appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives shall serve for three years; and those appointed by the minority leaders of the Senate and House of Representatives shall serve for four years. Terms of the appointed members following the initial terms shall be for four years.

      (c) The appointed members of the advisory board shall select a ninth member who shall be impartial and serve as the chairman of the advisory board. The members of the advisory board shall serve without compensation. The advisory board shall not be construed to be a board or commission subject to the provisions of section 4-9a. The administrator shall provide such information as is necessary for the performance of the functions and duties of the advisory board.

      (d) The advisory board shall meet at least three times in each calendar year and at such other times as the chairman or the administrator deems necessary. All actions of the advisory board shall require the affirmative vote of six members of the advisory board. The advisory board may bring any matter related to the operation of the Employment Security Division to the attention of the administrator. The advisory board may adopt any rules or procedures that the board deems necessary to carry out its duties under this chapter.

      (e) The advisory board shall report annually, on or before the first day of January, to the administrator on any matter concerning the Employment Security Division.

      (f) No regulations concerning the Employment Security Division shall be adopted without consultation with the advisory board.

      (g) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, the advisory board shall not advise the administrator with respect to assessments established by the administrator pursuant to subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 31-225a, or with respect to procedures established by the administrator concerning billing, payment and collection of such assessments.

      (P.A. 93-243, S. 7, 15; 93-419, S. 2, 9; P.A. 96-206, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 93-243 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-419 amended Subsec. (a) to reduce appointments made by president pro tempore and house speaker from two each to one each, authorized appointment of one member by each of the majority leaders, amended Subsec. (c) to delete requirement that members be reimbursed for board-related expenses, amended Subsec. (f) to delete provision requiring majority board approval for adoption of regulations re employment security division and added Subsec. (g) prohibiting board from advising administrator re employer assessments for advance fund, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 96-206 amended Subsec. (d) to change the meeting requirements from twice in each calendar quarter to three times in each calendar year.

      Sec. 31-251. General regulations. Section 31-251 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7523; 1949, S. 3079d; P.A. 73-616, S. 31; P.A. 89-51, S. 2.)

      Sec. 31-252. Public distribution of law, regulations and reports. With the approval of the Commissioner of Administrative Services, the administrator shall cause to be printed for distribution to the public the text of this chapter, the administrator's general regulations and his annual reports to the Governor and any other material the administrator deems relevant and suitable, together with such decisions of the referees as the board considers of general interest, and shall furnish the same to any person upon application therefor.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7524; P.A. 74-339, S. 29, 36; P.A. 77-614, S. 70, 610.)

      History: P.A. 74-339 replaced unemployment commission and commissioners with board and referees; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of finance and control with commissioner of administrative services.

      Cited re section's affect on the speed and fairness of the resolution of contested claims. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-253. Delegation of authority. The administrator may delegate to any person duly employed such authority as he deems reasonable and proper for the effective administration of his duties.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7525; June, 1955, S. 3080d.)

      Sec. 31-254. Records and reports. State directory of new hires. Disclosure. (a)(1) Each employer, whether or not otherwise subject to this chapter, shall keep accurate records of employment as defined in subsection (a) of section 31-222, containing such information as the administrator may by regulation prescribe in order to effectuate the purposes of this chapter. Such records shall be open to, and available for, inspection and copying by the administrator or his authorized representatives at any reasonable time and as often as may be necessary. The administrator may require from any employer, whether or not otherwise subject to this chapter, any sworn or unsworn reports with respect to persons employed by him which are necessary for the effective administration of this chapter. Except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection and subsection (g) of this section, information obtained shall not be published or be open to public inspection, other than to public employees in the performance of their public duties, in any manner revealing the employee's or the employer's identity, but any claimant at a hearing before a commissioner shall be supplied with information from such records to the extent necessary for the proper presentation of his claim. Any employee of the administrator, or any other public employee, who violates any provision of this section shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months or both and shall be dismissed from the service. Reports or records which have been required by the administrator and which have been used in computing benefit rights of claimants or in the determination of the amounts and rates of contributions shall be preserved by the administrator for a period of at least four years. Those records or reports required by the administrator which have not been used for the purpose of computing benefit rights or in the determination of the amounts or rates of contributions shall be preserved by the administrator for at least two and one-half years. Such records or reports may, after preservation for the minimum period required by this section, be destroyed by the administrator in his discretion, notwithstanding the provisions of section 11-8a. Notwithstanding any of the disclosure provisions of this chapter, the administrator shall provide upon request of the public agency administering the TANF and child support programs, any information in his possession relating to individuals: (A) Who are receiving, have received, or have applied for unemployment insurance; (B) the amount of benefits being received; (C) the current home address of such individuals; and (D) whether any offer of work has been refused and, if so, a description of the job and the terms, conditions, and rate of pay therefor. Notwithstanding any of the disclosure provisions of this chapter, the administrator shall provide, upon request of the Connecticut Student Loan Foundation, its officers or employees, any information in his possession relating to the current residence address or place of employment of any individual who has been determined by the Connecticut Student Loan Foundation to be in default on his student loan. Reimbursement for the cost of furnishing this information shall be made by the agency requesting the data in a manner prescribed by the administrator of this chapter.

      (2) Any authorized user of the CTWorks Business System shall have access to any information required to be entered into such system by the federal Trade Adjustment Assistance program, established by the Trade Act of 1974, as amended by 19 USC 2271 et seq., provided the user enters into a written agreement with the administrator establishing safeguards to protect the confidentiality of any information disclosed to such user. Each authorized user shall reimburse the administrator for all costs incurred by the administrator in disclosing information to such user. Information contained in the system shall not be disclosed or redisclosed to any unauthorized user, except that aggregate reports from which individual data cannot be identified may be disclosed. Any person who violates any provision of this subdivision shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both, and shall be prohibited from any further access to information in the system.

      (b) The Labor Department shall administer a state directory of new hires in accordance with this section. Not later than twenty days after the date of employment, each employer maintaining an office or transacting business in this state shall report the name, address and Social Security number of each new employee employed in this state to the Labor Department by forwarding to said department a copy of the Connecticut income tax withholding or exemption certificate completed by such employee or by any other means consistent with regulations the Labor Commissioner may adopt in accordance with chapter 54, except that employers reporting magnetically or electronically shall report new employees, if any, at least twice per month by transmissions not less than twelve nor more than sixteen days apart. Each such report shall indicate the name, address and state and federal tax registration or identification numbers of the employer. Such information shall be transmitted in a format prescribed by the Labor Commissioner. Such information shall be entered by the Labor Department in the state directory of new hires within five business days of receipt and may be used by the Labor Commissioner in accordance with his powers and duties but shall be confidential and shall not be disclosed except as provided in subsections (d) and (e) of this section and subsection (b) of section 31-254a.

      (c) (1) For the purposes of this section, "employer" does not include any department, agency or instrumentality of the United States; or any state agency performing intelligence or counterintelligence functions, if the head of such agency has determined that reporting pursuant to this section with respect to the employee could endanger the safety of the employee or compromise an ongoing investigation or intelligence mission. For the purposes of subsections (b) to (e), inclusive, of this section, the terms "employer" and "employee" shall include persons engaged in the acquisition and rendition, respectively, of independent contractual services, provided the expected value of such services for the calendar year next succeeding the effective date of the contract for such services, is at least five thousand dollars.

      (2) An employer that has employees who are employed in this state and one or more other states and that transmits reports magnetically or electronically shall not be required to report to this state if such employer has designated another state in which it has employees to which it will transmit reports, provided such employer has notified the Labor Commissioner, in writing, as to which other state it has designated for the purpose of sending such reports.

      (d) On a daily basis, in IV-D support cases, as defined in section 46b-231, the Department of Social Services shall compile a list of all individuals who are the subject of a child support investigation or action being undertaken by the IV-D agency, as defined in section 46b-231, and shall transmit such list to the Labor Department. The Labor Department shall promptly identify any new employee who is such an individual and said department shall transmit to the Department of Social Services the name, address and Social Security number of each new employee and the name, address and state and federal tax registration or identification numbers of the employer. The IV-D agency shall use such information to locate individuals for purposes of establishing paternity and establishing, modifying and enforcing child or medical support orders, and may disclose such information to any agent of such agency that is under contract to carry out such purposes. The Labor Commissioner shall require that confidentiality safeguards be part of the contracting agency's agreement with the Department of Social Services.

      (e) On a biweekly basis, the Department of Social Services shall compile a list of individuals who are receiving public assistance under the temporary assistance for needy families, Medicaid, food stamp, state supplement and state-administered general assistance programs and shall transmit such list to the Labor Department. The Labor Department shall promptly identify any new employee who is such an individual and said department shall transmit to the Department of Social Services the name, address and Social Security number of each such new employee and the name, address and state and federal tax registration or identification numbers of the employer.

      (f) The Department of Social Services shall reimburse the Labor Department for any costs included in carrying out the provisions of this section, including the cost of providing a toll-free facsimile number for employers required to report pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and section 31-254a. The Commissioner of Social Services and the Labor Commissioner shall enter into a purchase of service agreement which establishes procedures necessary for the administration of subsections (b) to (f), inclusive, of this section.

      (g) (1) Notwithstanding any of the information disclosure provisions of this section, the administrator shall disclose information obtained pursuant to subsection (a) of this section to a regional workforce development board, established pursuant to section 31-3k, to the extent necessary for the effective administration of the federal Trade Adjustment Assistance Program of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended from time to time, the federal Workforce Investment Act, as amended from time to time, and the state employment services program established pursuant to section 17b-688c for recipients of temporary family assistance, provided a regional workforce development board, enters into a written agreement with the administrator, pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, concerning protection of the confidentiality of such information prior to the receipt of any such information.

      (2) The written agreement shall contain safeguards as are necessary to protect the confidentiality of the information being disclosed, including, but not limited to a:

      (A) Statement from the regional workforce development board of the purposes for the requested information and the specific use intended for the information;

      (B) Statement from the regional workforce development board that the disclosed information shall only be used for such purposes as are permitted by this subsection and consistent with the written agreement;

      (C) Requirement that the regional workforce development board store the disclosed information in a location that is physically secure from access by unauthorized persons;

      (D) Requirement that the regional workforce development board store and process the disclosed information maintained in an electronic format in such a way that ensures that unauthorized persons cannot obtain the information by any means;

      (E) Requirement that the regional workforce development board establish safeguards to ensure that only authorized persons, including any authorized agent of the board, are permitted access to disclosed information stored in computer systems;

      (F) Requirement that the regional workforce development board enter into a written agreement, that has been approved by the administrator, with any authorized agent of the board, which agreement shall contain the requisite safeguards contained in the written agreement between the board and the administrator;

      (G) Requirement that the regional workforce development board instruct all persons having access to the disclosed information about the sanctions specified in this section, and further require each employee of such board, and any agent of such board, authorized to review such information, to sign an acknowledgment that he or she has been advised of such sanctions;

      (H) Statement that redisclosure of confidential information is prohibited, except with the written approval of the administrator;

      (I) Requirement that the regional workforce development board dispose of information disclosed or obtained under this subsection, including any copies of such information made by the board, after the purpose for which the information is disclosed has been served, either by returning the information to the administrator, or by verifying to the administrator that the information has been destroyed;

      (J) Statement that the regional workforce development board shall permit representatives of the administrator to conduct periodic audits, including on-site inspections, for the purpose of reviewing such board's adherence to the confidentiality and security provisions of the written agreement; and

      (K) Statement that the regional workforce development board shall reimburse the administrator for all costs incurred by the administrator in making the requested information available and in conducting periodic audits of the board's procedures in safeguarding the information.

      (3) Any employee or agent of a regional workforce development board who discloses any confidential information in violation of this section and the written agreement, entered into pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection, shall be fined not more than two hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than six months, or both, and shall be prohibited from any further access to confidential information.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7526; P.A. 77-426, S. 7, 19; P.A. 80-338, S. 8; P.A. 84-396, S. 1, 2; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-2, S. 97, 165; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4, S. 2, 11; June 18 Sp. Sess. 97-11, S. 63, 65; P.A. 03-89, S. 3; P.A. 04-76, S. 35; P.A. 07-125, S. 1; 07-160, S. 4, 5.)

      History: P.A. 77-426 specified information which may be disclosed to public agency administering AFDC and child support programs; P.A. 80-338 made technical changes and substituted reference to Sec. 11-8a for reference to Sec. 4-34; P.A. 84-396 added provision re disclosure, upon the request of the Connecticut Student Loan Foundation, of the current address or place of business of any individual determined to be in default on his student loan; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-2 replaced reference to "AFDC" with "TANF", effective July 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added new Subsecs. (b) to (f) re Labor Department administration of state directory of new hires, effective October 1, 1998; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 changed effective date of June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4 but without affecting this section; P.A. 03-89 amended Subsec. (c)(1) by expanding definition of "employer" and "employee" for purposes of Subsecs. (b) to (e), inclusive, to include persons engaged in acquisition and rendition of independent contractual services when expected value of such services is at least $5,000 for a calendar year; P.A. 04-76 amended Subsec. (e) by replacing reference to "general assistance" with reference to "state-administered general assistance"; P.A. 07-125 amended Subsec. (a) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), adding exception re provisions of Subdiv. (2) and making technical changes therein, and adding Subdiv. (2) re access to and confidentiality of information in CTWorks Business System and penalties for violation of subdivision; P.A. 07-160 amended Subsec. (a) by adding exception re provisions of Subsec. (g) and making technical changes and added Subsec. (g) re disclosure of certain information to a regional workforce development board that enters into a confidentiality agreement with administrator concerning disclosure of information, effective July 1, 2007.

      Cited. 200 C. 243.

      Cited. 9 CS 244.

      Sec. 31-254a. Wage and claim information to national directory of new hires. (a) The Labor Department shall, on a quarterly basis, furnish to the national directory of new hires extracts of the wage and claim information contained in the records required and maintained by the Labor Commissioner pursuant to this chapter and to the extent required by applicable provisions of state and federal law.

      (b) Not later than three business days after the date information regarding a newly hired employee is entered into the state directory of new hires, the Labor Department shall furnish such information to the national directory of new hires established under the Welfare Reform Act, 42 USC 653.

      (June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4, S. 3; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 63, 65.)

      History: June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 changed effective date of June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-4 but without affecting this section.

      Sec. 31-255. Reciprocal agreements with other states. (a) The administrator is authorized to enter into agreements with the proper agencies under the laws of other states and of the United States to provide reciprocal treatment to individuals who have, after acquiring potential rights to benefits under this chapter, acquired rights to unemployment compensation under the laws of such other states or the United States, or who have, after acquiring potential rights to unemployment compensation under the laws of such other states or of the United States, acquired rights to benefits under this chapter and to provide reciprocal treatment to individuals who have, after acquiring potential rights to benefits under this chapter, or after acquiring potential rights to unemployment compensation under the laws of such other states, changed their residence so that it is no longer practicable for them to make their application for benefits in the state or states in which their potential benefit rights exist. Such agreements may provide that wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable under an unemployment compensation law of another state, or of the United States, shall be deemed to be wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable under this chapter for the purpose of determining his rights to benefits under this chapter; and that wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable under this chapter shall be deemed to be wages for the purpose of determining benefit rights under such law of another state or of the United States; but no such agreement shall be entered into unless it contains provisions for reimbursements to the Unemployment Compensation Fund for such of the benefit rights established under this chapter upon the basis of such wages, and provisions for reimbursements from the Unemployment Compensation Fund for such of the benefit rights, established under such other law upon the basis of wages with respect to which contributions have been paid or are payable under this chapter, as the administrator finds will be fair and equitable as to all affected interests. Such agreements may also provide, with respect to individuals who have, after acquiring potential rights to benefits under this chapter, changed their residence so that it is no longer practicable for them to make their applications for benefits in this state, that the initial determination for such individuals shall be made by the administrator, that the subsequent eligibility for benefits be determined by and in accordance with the provisions of the law of the state in which such claim is filed and the appeal from either of these determinations be pursued before the appellate tribunal provided in the state where the determination complained of has been made. Reimbursements paid from the Unemployment Compensation Fund pursuant to this section shall be deemed to be benefits for the purposes of this chapter. The administrator is authorized to make to other state or federal agencies, and to receive from such other state or federal agencies, reimbursements from or to the Unemployment Compensation Fund, in accordance with agreements entered into pursuant to this section. The administrator is authorized to enter into agreements with the proper agencies under the laws of other states or of the United States whereby the administrator may, out of funds supplied by such other states or the United States, make payment of unemployment compensation or unemployment allowances of any kind. The administrator is authorized to enter into reciprocal arrangements with appropriate and duly authorized agencies of other states whereby services performed by an individual for an employer for whom services are customarily performed within this state, or both within and without this state, shall be deemed to be services performed entirely within any one of the states (i) in which any part of such individual's service is performed or (ii) in which such individual has his residence or (iii) in which the employer maintains a place of business, provided there shall be in effect as to such services an election, approved by the agency charged with the administration of such state's unemployment compensation law, pursuant to which all the services performed by such individual for such employer are deemed to be performed entirely within such state.

      (b) The administrator shall participate in any arrangements for the payment of compensation on the basis of combining an individual's wages and employment covered under this chapter with his wages and employment covered under the unemployment compensation laws of other states which are approved by the United States Secretary of Labor in consultation with the state unemployment compensation agencies as reasonably calculated to assure the prompt and full payment of compensation in such situations and which include provisions for (1) applying the base period of a single state law to a claim involving the combining of an individual's wages and employment covered under two or more state unemployment compensation laws, and (2) avoiding the duplicate use of wages and employment by reason of such combining.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7527; 1949, S. 3081d; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 28; P.A. 89-51, S. 1.)

      History: 1971 act added Subsec. (b) re arrangements for combining wages and employment under Connecticut law with wages and employment under laws of other states; P.A. 89-51 deleted the provision concerning filing the agreements with the secretary of the state.

      Cited. 2 CA 1.

      Sec. 31-256. Application for advances to Unemployment Trust Fund. The administrator is authorized to apply for such advances to the account of the state of Connecticut in the Unemployment Trust Fund to which it may be entitled in accordance with the provisions of Title XII of the Federal Social Security Act (Section 401 of the War Mobilization and Reconversion Act of 1944, Public Law 458) under the terms and conditions as therein set forth.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7528.)

      Sec. 31-257. Repayment of benefits on receipt of retroactive pay. Whenever any person who has drawn benefits under this chapter subsequently receives retroactive pay without deduction for such benefits under an arbitration, or other award or judgment with respect to the same period for which he has drawn unemployment compensation benefits, he shall be liable to repay to the administrator the amount of benefits so drawn upon demand. If the amount of unemployment compensation payments which he has received has been deducted from the amount paid to him by the employer, the employer shall be liable to pay the amount so deducted to the administrator, who shall accept and credit the same to the account of such person and such charged employer. If such person does not repay the sum or if an employer does not repay the amount deducted for benefits drawn, such sum shall be collectible in the manner provided in section 31-266 for the collection of past due contributions. All retroactive pay referred to in this section shall be deemed "wages" as said term is defined under the provisions of section 31-222, and will be reported by an employer under the taxable method for the quarter during which the payment is made. Every employer who has been required to make a retroactive payment, whether or not the amount of benefits is to be deducted from such payment, shall notify the administrator of such fact.

      (1955, S. 3082d; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 16; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 29; P.A. 74-229, S. 19, 22; P.A. 78-368, S. 9, 11.)

      History: 1967 act deleted redundant reference to terms of arbitration or collective bargaining agreement and required employers who have been required to make a retroactive payment to notify administrator; 1971 act added reference to "judgments"; P.A. 74-229 specified repayment of benefits "upon demand", specified that cancellation of compensable separation occurs under taxable method, allowed crediting employer's account as option where compensation payments have been deducted from amount paid to person by employer, specified that if repayment is not made sum is to be "collectible in the manner provided in section 31-266 for the collection of past due contributions" rather than "offset ... against any future claims for benefits" and specified that retroactive pay is to be reported by employer under taxable method for quarter during which payment is made; P.A. 78-368 deleted cancellation of compensable separation as option resulting in credit to employer's account in all cases.

      Sec. 31-258. Repayment of benefits on receipt of workers' compensation. Any person who has drawn benefits under this chapter who subsequently receives compensation for temporary disability under a workers' compensation law with respect to the same period for which he has drawn unemployment compensation benefits shall be liable to repay to the administrator the sum so received under this chapter, provided the amount which he is liable to repay shall not exceed the amount received under the workers' compensation law. If such person does not repay the sum at that time, such sum may be offset by the administrator against any future claims for benefits which such person may have.

      (1955, S. 3083d; P.A. 79-376, S. 33.)

      History: P.A. 79-376 replaced "workmen's compensation" with "workers' compensation".

      Sec. 31-259. Employment Security Administration Fund. (a) Establishment. There is created in the State Treasury a special segregated fund to be known as the Employment Security Administration Fund. Said fund shall consist of all moneys appropriated by this state, all moneys received from the United States of America, or any agency thereof, including moneys appropriated or received for the purpose of the Job Training Partnership Act, the Work Incentive Program, the Trade Adjustment Act, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Veterans Employment Service, and all moneys received from any other source, for the purpose of defraying the cost of the administration of the Employment Security Division. Notwithstanding any provision of this section, all money requisitioned and deposited in said fund pursuant to section 31-261 shall remain part of the Unemployment Compensation Fund and shall be used only in accordance with the conditions specified in said section. All moneys in said fund, except money received pursuant to said section, shall be expended solely for the purposes and in the amounts found necessary by the Secretary of Labor of the United States for the proper and efficient administration of the Employment Security Division. The State Treasurer shall be liable on his official bond for the faithful performance of his duties in connection with the Employment Security Administration Fund. All sums recovered on any surety bond for losses sustained by the Employment Security Administration Fund shall be deposited in said fund.

      (b) Reimbursement of fund. If any moneys in the Employment Security Administration Fund, paid to this state under Title III of the Social Security Act, or any unencumbered balances in the Employment Security Administration Fund, or any moneys paid to this state pursuant to the provisions of the Wagner-Peyser Act, are found by the Secretary of Labor of the United States, because of any action or contingency, to have been lost or been expended for purposes other than, or in amounts in excess of, those found necessary by said Secretary for the proper and efficient administration of this chapter, it is the policy of this state that such moneys shall be replaced by moneys appropriated for such purpose from the General Fund of the state to the Employment Security Administration Fund, or reimbursement made to the Employment Security Administration Fund from the Employment Security Special Administration Fund as provided in subsection (d) hereof, for expenditure as provided in subsection (a) of this section. Upon receipt of notice of such finding by said Secretary, the administrator shall promptly report the amount required for such replacement to the Governor, and the Governor shall, at the earliest opportunity, submit to the General Assembly a request for the appropriation of such amount, unless reimbursement has been made in accordance with subsection (d) hereof.

      (c) Withdrawals. The expenses of the administration of this chapter shall be paid from the Employment Security Administration Fund by the Treasurer, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-86, on warrants drawn by the Comptroller at the direction of the administrator.

      (d) Employment Security Special Administration Fund. There is created in the State Treasury a special segregated fund to be known as the Employment Security Special Administration Fund. All interest and penalties on past due contributions and assessments collected under this chapter are appropriated to said fund and shall at no time be considered a part of the Unemployment Compensation Fund, provided, whenever, on July first of any calendar year except the calendar year commencing January 1, 1982, the assets in said Employment Security Special Administration Fund exceed five hundred thousand dollars plus an amount necessary to cover any commitments for expenditures which have previously been approved in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, the excess above five hundred thousand dollars plus any such previously committed amount is appropriated to the Unemployment Compensation Fund established by section 31-261. If any such interest is, for the sake of convenience, deposited in a bank account of the contribution account of the Unemployment Compensation Fund, it shall be withdrawn therefrom as soon as convenient. The money in said fund shall be used for the payment of costs of administration, to reimburse the Employment Security Administration Fund under the conditions provided in subsection (b) of this section and for any other purpose authorized by law. Withdrawals from said fund shall be made by the Treasurer, notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-86, on warrants drawn by the Comptroller at the direction of the administrator, subject to the approval of the Governor and the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management. The Treasurer is authorized to invest all or any part of the Employment Security Special Administration Fund in any certificates of the United States or certificates of deposit or any bonds in which savings banks may legally invest, provided that the provisions of subsection (n) of section 36-96 shall not be applicable to any investment in such bonds. All income from such investment shall become part of said fund.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7529; 1953, S. 3084d; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 6, 7; 1963, P.A. 608, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 360, S. 1; P.A. 77-608, S. 2; 77-614, S. 19, 610; P.A. 78-308, S. 1; P.A. 79-233, S. 7; P.A. 80-483, S. 94, 186; P.A. 82-396, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-67; 86-205, S. 2; P.A. 92-12, S. 112; P.A. 93-243, S. 11, 15.)

      History: 1963 act added proviso re deposit of excess in employment security special administration fund in unemployment compensation fund under Subsec. (d); 1967 act substituted "on July first of any calendar year" for "after July 1, 1965" in Subsec. (d); P.A. 77-608 increased maximum assets of employment security special administration fund from $75,000 to $200,000 in Subsec. (d); P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of finance and control with secretary of the office of policy and management in Subsec. (d); P.A. 78-308 included in maximum assets of employment security special administration fund an amount necessary to cover commitments for previously approved expenditures in Subsec. (d); P.A. 79-233 specified in Subsec. (d) that "subsection 14b of section 36-96" does not apply to investments in bonds; P.A. 80-483 corrected faulty reference to Sec. 36-96 in Subsec. (d); P.A. 82-396 amended Subsec. (d) to eliminate, for fiscal year 1982-83 only, requirement that assets of the employment security special administration fund exceeding $200,000, plus previously committed amounts, be transferred to the unemployment compensation fund, to eliminate requirement that money in the special administration fund be used for payment of costs of administration not properly chargeable against federal grants or the employment security administration fund and prohibition against expending such money in substitution for federal moneys otherwise available for costs of administration of chapter; P.A. 86-67 amended Subsec. (d) to increase, from $200,000 to $500,000, the maximum amount allowable in the employment security special administration fund before the excess above that amount is appropriated to the unemployment compensation fund; P.A. 86-205 amended Subsec. (a) to include within the employment security administration fund moneys appropriated or received for purposes of the Job Training Partnership Act, the Work Incentive Program, the Trade Adjustment Act, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Veterans Employment Service; P.A. 92-12 made a technical change in Subsec. (d); P.A. 93-243 amended Subsec. (d) to require that penalties, in addition to interest, on past due contributions and assessments be appropriated to the employment security special administration fund, effective June 23, 1993.

      See Secs. 31-237 and 31-238 re Employment Security Division.

      Cited. 133 C. 115.

      Sec. 31-260. Transfer of funds authorized by federal Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act. The Treasurer shall, on request filed in writing by the administrator, withdraw from the Unemployment Trust Fund and deposit in the Employment Security Administration Fund amounts not to exceed those authorized by Section 13(e) of the federal Railroad Unemployment Insurance Act.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7530.)

      Sec. 31-261. Unemployment Compensation Fund. Payment of administrative expenses. (a) There is created in the State Treasury a special segregated fund to be known as the Unemployment Compensation Fund. Said fund shall consist of all contributions and moneys paid into or received by it for the payment of unemployment compensation benefits, of any property or securities acquired from the use of moneys belonging to the fund, all interest earned thereon, all money credited to this state's account in the Unemployment Trust Fund established by Section 904 of the Social Security Act pursuant to Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, and all money received for the fund from any other source. All moneys in said fund shall be expended solely for the payment of benefits and refunds provided for by this chapter, exclusive of the expenses of administration, except that money credited to the account of this state in the Unemployment Trust Fund by the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States pursuant to Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, may be requisitioned and used for the payment of expenses incurred for the administration of this chapter pursuant to a specific appropriation by the General Assembly, provided the expenses are incurred and the money is requisitioned after the enactment of an appropriation act which (1) specifies the purposes for which such money is appropriated and the amounts appropriated therefor, (2) limits the period within which such money may be obligated to a period ending not more than two years after the date of the enactment of such act, and (3) limits the amount which may be used during a twelve-month period beginning on July first and ending on the next June thirtieth to an amount which does not exceed the amount by which (A) the aggregate of the amounts credited to the account of this state pursuant to Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, during the same twelve-month period and the twenty-four preceding twelve-month periods exceeds (B) the aggregate of the amounts used pursuant to this subdivision and charged against the amounts credited to the account of this state during any of such twenty-five twelve-month periods. For the purposes of this subdivision, amounts used during any such twelve-month period shall be charged against equivalent amounts which were first credited and which are not already so charged, except that no amount used for administration during any such twelve-month period may be charged against any amount credited during such a twelve-month period earlier than the twenty-fourth preceding such period. Money credited to the account of this state pursuant to Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, may not be withdrawn or used except for the payment of benefits and for the payment of expenses for the administration of this chapter and of public employment offices pursuant to this subsection. Money requisitioned for the payment of expense of administration pursuant to this subsection shall be deposited in the Employment Security Administration Fund, but, until expended, shall remain a part of the Unemployment Compensation Fund. The administrator shall maintain a separate record of the deposit, obligation, expenditure and return of funds so deposited. If any money so deposited is, for any reason, not to be obligated for the purpose for which it was appropriated, or if it remains unobligated at the end of the period specified by the law appropriating such money, or if any money which has been obligated within the period will not be expended, it shall be withdrawn and returned to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States for credit to this state's account in the Unemployment Trust Fund. The State Treasurer shall be liable on his official bond for the faithful performance of his duties in connection with the Unemployment Compensation Fund. All sums recovered on any surety bond for losses sustained by the Unemployment Compensation Fund shall be deposited in said fund.

      (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, money credited to the account of this state pursuant to Section 903 of the Social Security Act, as amended, with respect to the federal fiscal years 1999, 2000 and 2001, shall be used solely for the payment of expenses incurred for the administration of this chapter, and such money shall not otherwise be subject to the provisions of subsection (a) of this section.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7531; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 8; 1961, P.A. 325, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 585; P.A. 73-289, S. 8, 10; P.A. 75-525, S. 12, 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-2, S. 27, 53.)

      History: 1961 act abolished separate contribution and benefit accounts in fund; 1969 act changed periods of aggregate amounts referred to in Subparas. (1) and (2) from four and five twelve-month periods to fourteen and fifteen twelve-month periods, respectively; P.A. 73-289 increased periods to twenty-four and twenty-five twelve-month periods; P.A. 75-525 prohibited charging against amounts credited earlier than the twenty-fourth, rather than fourth, preceding period; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-2 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a), making technical changes therein, and added new Subsec. (b) re use of federal unemployment compensation money solely for expenses incurred for administration of chapter, effective July 1, 2000.

      See Sec. 31-232j re payment of extended benefits from Unemployment Compensation Fund.

      See Sec. 31-264 re management of Unemployment Trust Fund moneys upon discontinuance of or changes in fund.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-262. Deposits of contributions. Payments to United States Treasurer. All contributions made in accordance with this chapter and all other moneys payable into this fund, upon receipt thereof by the administrator, shall be paid to the State Treasurer, who shall deposit them in the Unemployment Compensation Fund. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-86, said Treasurer shall, with sufficient frequency to comply with Section 303(a)(4) of the Federal Social Security Act and Section 1603(a)(3) of the federal Internal Revenue Code, on warrants drawn by the State Comptroller at the direction of the administrator, pay all moneys in said fund, after deducting such amounts as are necessary for the payment of refunds, to the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States as trustee of the Unemployment Trust Fund established by Section 904 of the Social Security Act, to be deposited in said Unemployment Trust Fund for the account of the Connecticut Unemployment Compensation Fund.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7532; 1961, P.A. 325, S. 2.)

      History: 1961 act removed reference to contribution account.

      See Sec. 31-264 re disposition of fund moneys upon discontinuance of or changes in Unemployment Trust Fund.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-263. Withdrawals of funds for payment of benefits and reimbursement of advance fund. (a) The State Treasurer, as treasurer of the Connecticut Unemployment Compensation Fund, shall, as directed by the administrator, requisition from the Unemployment Trust Fund such amounts, not exceeding the amount standing to this state's account therein, as the administrator deems necessary for the payment of benefits. Upon receipt thereof, said treasurer shall deposit such moneys in a depository designated by the treasurer in a fund to be known as the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund, from which fund the administrator shall pay the benefits provided by this chapter. Benefits shall be paid to a claimant, so far as is practical, in the local office where the claim for benefits was filed. The administrator shall be liable on his official bond for the faithful performance of his duties in connection with the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund. All sums recovered on any surety bond for losses sustained by the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund shall be deposited in the Unemployment Compensation Fund in the State Treasury.

      (b) The State Treasurer, as treasurer of the Connecticut Unemployment Compensation Fund, shall as directed by the administrator, requisition from the Unemployment Trust Fund the amounts, not exceeding the amount in the Unemployment Trust Fund, that the administrator deems necessary for the reimbursement of advances made from the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund, to the extent reimbursement is permitted by federal law.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7533; June, 1955, S. 3085d; 1961, P.A. 325, S. 3; P.A. 93-243, S. 6, 15.)

      History: 1961 act removed reference to benefit account, created benefit fund and detailed use thereof; P.A. 93-243 amended Subsec. (a) to give state treasurer greater flexibility in withdrawing money from unemployment compensation fund for payment of benefits and added Subsec. (b) to authorize state treasurer to make withdrawals from unemployment compensation fund for reimbursement of advances made from unemployment compensation advance fund, effective July 1, 1993.

      See Sec. 31-264 re disposition of fund moneys upon discontinuance of or changes in Unemployment Trust Fund.

      The method of payment prescribed by 1945 amendment did not divest treasurer and comptroller of their constitutional duties. 133 C. 112. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-264. Management of fund upon discontinuance of or changes in Unemployment Trust Fund. The provisions of sections 31-261, 31-262 and 31-263 to the extent that they relate to the Unemployment Trust Fund shall be operative only as long as said Unemployment Trust Fund continues to exist and as long as the Secretary of the Treasury of the United States continues to maintain for this state a separate book account of all funds deposited therein by this state, together with this state's proportionate share of the earnings of such Unemployment Trust Fund, from which only this state is permitted to make withdrawals. If and when, for any reason, such Unemployment Trust Fund ceases to exist or such separate book account is no longer maintained, all moneys, properties and securities therein belonging to the Unemployment Compensation Fund of this state shall be withdrawn by the Treasurer of this state, who shall deposit them in the Unemployment Compensation Fund. Thereafter, any such properties or securities shall be sold or otherwise disposed of only at the direction of the administrator, with the approval of the Governor. The Treasurer shall from time to time on request of the administrator as may be necessary for the payment of benefits under this chapter pay such moneys over to the administrator, who shall deposit and disburse such moneys as provided in section 31-263.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7534; 1961, P.A. 325, S. 4.)

      History: 1961 act removed reference to benefit account and added provision re treasurer's payments to administrator.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-264a. Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund. (a) Unless the context requires a different meaning, the term "bonds" or "revenue bonds" under this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j includes notes issued in anticipation of the issuance of revenue bonds, or notes issued pursuant to a commercial paper program.

      (b) There is established a fund to be known as the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund. The fund shall be administered by the State Treasurer as a trust fund, in accordance with the provisions of this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j. The state treasurer may enter into contracts that may be useful to the organization, establishment, operation and administration of the fund under all applicable state and federal laws and may contract with any person to provide whatever services to the fund as, in the discretion of the State Treasurer, are necessary for the proper operation and administration of the fund. All costs of organizing, establishing and operating the fund, including the costs of personnel and contractual services, shall be a charge upon and paid by the State Treasurer from the fund. In addition, all costs of establishing and administering the necessary procedures for billing, payment and collection of the assessments authorized to be established by the administrator pursuant to section 31-225a shall be a charge upon and paid by the State Treasurer from the fund. All costs related to the organization, establishment and operation of the fund and all costs related to the establishment and administration of billing, payment and collection procedures for moneys received from employers in payment of assessments established in accordance with said section 31-225a, to the extent not payable from the fund, may be paid from other moneys of the state when made available for such purpose. There is established within the fund an advance account, a debt service and reserve account and an administration account, which accounts shall be held separate and apart from each other. Additional accounts and subaccounts may be established in the proceedings under which the revenue bonds are authorized.

      (c) There shall be deposited in the advance account: (1) The proceeds of revenue bonds issued by the state for deposit into the account and use in accordance with this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j; (2) federal grants and awards or other federal assistance received by the state for deposit into the account or for other purposes in accordance with said sections; and (3) interest or other income earned on the investment of moneys in the advance account pending transfer or use pursuant to said sections.

      (d) To the extent that amounts are available therefor in the advance account, and on request of the administrator pursuant to subsection (h) of this section, the State Treasurer shall apply the proceeds (1) to repay, in accordance with the proceedings authorizing any revenue bonds issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j, the outstanding balance of all or any part of the advances made to the state from the federal unemployment account under Title XII of the Social Security Act, 42 USC Sections 1321 to 1324, inclusive, and any interest due on the advances, and (2) to provide advances to the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund.

      (e) Within the debt service and reserve account there are established the following subaccounts: (1) A reserve subaccount into which shall be deposited the proceeds of revenue bonds issued by the state for deposit into the reserve subaccount and use in accordance with this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j; and (2) a debt service subaccount into which shall be deposited, in accordance with the proceeding authorizing the bonds, the proceeds of the initial issuance of revenue bonds which are expected to be applied as capitalized interest to the extent required, and payments received from or on behalf of any employer in payment of assessments established in accordance with said sections attributable to the debt service requirement. Moneys in each subaccount created under this subsection may be applied by the State Treasurer to debt service on revenue bonds. The Treasurer shall apply amounts in the reserve subaccount to the payment of debt service on bonds whenever amounts on deposit in the debt service subaccount are insufficient. The net proceeds of any refunding bonds shall be deposited in a special subaccount within the debt service and reserve account and shall be applied solely to the retirement or redemption of the bonds to be refunded.

      (f) There shall be deposited in the administration account: (1) The proceeds of revenue bonds expected to be deposited into the administration account and use in accordance with this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j; and (2) any additional money received from employers in payment of assessments established in accordance with said sections, to offset the costs and expenses of administering and operating the fund. Amounts in the administration account may be applied to offset the costs and expenses of establishing, administering and operating the fund.

      (g) The fund shall be maintained separate and apart from all other moneys, funds and accounts of the state. Investment earnings credited to the assets of the fund and to any account and subaccount within the fund shall become part of the assets of the fund, account and subaccount, except as otherwise required for rebates in order to assure the excludability of the interest on the bonds from federal income taxation, as provided in the proceedings authorizing any revenue bonds. Any balance remaining in the fund at the end of any fiscal year shall be carried forward in the fund, account and subaccount for the next fiscal year.

      (h) Upon the issuance of revenue bonds and to the extent there are sufficient proceeds or other amounts in the advance account available therefor, any advances to the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund that the administrator deems necessary for the payment of benefits under this chapter or to the Unemployment Compensation Fund for the repayment of advances made to the state from the federal unemployment account, including interest thereon, may be obtained from the advance account of the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund. The State Treasurer shall, on request filed in writing by the administrator, withdraw from the advance account of the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and deposit in the Unemployment Compensation Benefit Fund, amounts determined by the administrator to be necessary for the payment of benefits under this chapter without incurring federal interest charges, or deposit in the Unemployment Compensation Fund amounts determined by the administrator to be required for the repayment of advances made to the state from the federal unemployment account, including interest thereon. The State Treasurer shall, from time to time and at least annually, determine the amount of interest, amortization, reserve and associated costs required for each advance made from the advance account under this subsection computed in accordance with the requirements of the Unemployment Compensation Fund and the proceedings under which the revenue bonds are authorized and such amounts shall be assessed by the administrator as provided in subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 31-225a. For purposes of this subsection, "associated costs" includes all costs related to the efficient establishment, operation and administration of the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, and the proceedings under which the bonds are issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j and the costs of establishing and administering the billing, payment and collection procedures referred to in subsection (b) of this section.

      (i) The moneys in the advance account may also be used to pay any costs related to the issuance of revenue bonds issued pursuant to section 31-264b and to pay any debt service thereon for which amounts on deposit in the debt service and reserve account maintained pursuant to this section are insufficient.

      (j) Notwithstanding any provision of this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264b and 31-274j to the contrary, any money received from the Unemployment Compensation Fund may not be used for any purpose inconsistent with federal law, and any federal grants, awards, advances or other federal assistance referred to herein may not be used for any purpose other than that for which such amounts were granted, awarded, advanced, or otherwise appropriated, respectively.

      (P.A. 93-243, S. 9, 15; 93-419, S. 3, 9.)

      History: P.A. 93-243 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-419 amended Subsec. (a) to redefine "bonds" and "revenue bonds" and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1993.

      Sec. 31-264b. Issuance of unemployment compensation revenue bonds. (a) The State Bond Commission may authorize the issuance of revenue bonds of the state in one or more series and in principal amounts necessary or estimated to be necessary as an advance to the Unemployment Compensation Fund, or to repay advances made to the state from the federal unemployment account, but not in excess of one billion dollars outstanding at any one time and such additional amount of bonds required to fund any debt service and reserve account in accordance with the proceedings authorizing the bonds and the costs of issuance, capitalized interest, if any, and the initial costs and expenses of the administration account, provided in computing the total amount of bonds which may at any one time be outstanding, the principal amount of any refunding bonds issued to refund bonds shall be excluded. The legislature finds that it is an essential governmental function to assure that the balance in the state's account in the federal Unemployment Trust Fund is maintained at a level which is sufficient to pay all benefits and further finds that the financing and payment of the outstanding principal amount which has been advanced to the state from the federal account of the Unemployment Trust Fund and the financing and funding of the state's account in the Unemployment Trust Fund by the issuance of revenue bonds pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j is in the public interest, will substantially result in savings of interest costs, will achieve a public purpose of reducing overall costs of providing employment benefits and will thereby foster and promote economic growth, provide employment opportunities for the residents of the state and assist companies by reducing their overall costs of doing business in the state.

      (b) Bonds issued pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be special obligations of the state and shall not be payable from nor charged upon any funds other than the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and revenues pledged to the payment thereof, nor shall the state or any political subdivision thereof be subject to any liability thereon other than from such sources. The issuance of revenue bonds under the provisions of this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j shall not directly or indirectly or contingently obligate the state or any political subdivision thereof to levy or to pledge any form of taxation whatever therefor or to make any appropriation for their payment other than the appropriation set forth in this section. The bonds shall not constitute a charge, lien or encumbrance, legal or equitable, upon any property of the state or of any political subdivision thereof, except the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and revenues pledged or otherwise encumbered under the provisions and for the purpose of said sections. The substance of this limitation shall be plainly stated on the face of each bond. Revenue bonds issued pursuant to said sections shall not be subject to any statutory limitation on the indebtedness of the state and the bonds, when issued, shall not be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the state in respect to, and to the extent of, any such limitation. As part of the contract of the state with the owners of the revenue bonds, all amounts necessary for the punctual payment of the debt service requirements with respect to the revenue bonds shall be deemed appropriated, but only from the sources pledged pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j.

      (c) The revenue bonds referred to in subsection (a) of this section may be executed and delivered at the time or times, shall be dated, shall bear interest at the rate or rates, shall mature at the time or times not exceeding ten years from their date, have the rank or priority, be payable in the medium of payment, be issued in coupon or in registered form, or both, carry the registration and transfer privileges and be made redeemable before maturity at the price or prices and under the terms and conditions, all as may be provided by the State Bond Commission. With the exception of subsections (i) and (p) all provisions of section 3-20 and the exercise of any right or power granted thereby which are not inconsistent with the provisions of this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j are hereby adopted and may be invoked in respect to all revenue bonds authorized by the State Bond Commission pursuant to said sections. For the purposes of subsection (o) of said section 3-20, "bond act" includes said sections. None of the revenue bonds shall be authorized, except upon a finding by the State Bond Commission that there has been filed with it a request for authorization, which is signed by or on behalf of the State Treasurer and states the terms and conditions as said commission, in its discretion, may require.

      (d) The principal of and interest on any bonds issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j shall be secured by a pledge of the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and any revenues, receipts, funds or moneys payable to the fund, including any federal grants or advances available for the fund and including the amounts of payment received from assessments established pursuant to said sections, all as set forth in the proceedings authorizing the bonds pursuant to said sections. Any pledge made by the state pursuant to said sections is a pledge within the meaning and for all purposes of title 42a and shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge is made. Any revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys so pledged and thereafter received by the state shall be subject immediately to the lien of the pledge without any physical delivery thereof or further act. The lien of any pledge shall be valid and binding as against all parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the state, irrespective of whether the parties have notice of the claims. Neither this section nor sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j, the resolution nor any other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded.

      (e) Revenue bonds issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j are hereby made securities in which public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, savings and loan associations, investment companies, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. The bonds are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or political subdivision of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or other obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

      (f) The proceedings under which bonds are authorized to be issued may contain any or all of the following: (1) Provisions respecting custody of the proceeds from the sale of the bonds, including any requirement that the proceeds be deposited in the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and held separate from, or not be commingled with, other funds of the state; (2) provisions for the investment and reinvestment of bond proceeds and after the disposition of any excess bond proceeds or investment earnings thereon; (3) provisions for the execution of reimbursement agreements or similar agreements in connection with credit facilities, including, but not necessarily limited to, letters of credit or policies of bond insurance, remarketing agreements and agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations, and of such other agreements entered into pursuant to section 3-20a; (4) provisions for the collection, custody, investment, reinvestment and use of the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged therefor as provided in this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j; (5) provisions regarding the establishment and maintenance of reserves, sinking funds and any other funds and accounts of the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund pursuant to said sections and in the amounts and on the terms approved by the State Bond Commission in the amounts established by the State Bond Commission; (6) covenants for the establishment of pledged revenue coverage requirements for the bonds; (7) provisions for the issuance of additional bonds on a parity with bonds theretofore issued, including establishment of coverage requirements with respect thereto as herein provided; (8) provisions regarding the rights and remedies available in case of a default to bondowners, noteowners or any trustee under any contract, loan agreement, document, instrument or trust indenture, including the right to appoint a trustee to represent their interests upon occurrence of an event of default, as defined in said proceedings, provided if any revenue bonds are secured by a trust indenture, the respective owners of the bonds shall have no authority, except as set forth in the trust indenture, to appoint a separate trustee to represent them; (9) provisions for the payment of rebate amounts; and (10) provisions of covenants of like or different character from the foregoing which are consistent with this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j, and which the State Bond Commission determines in such proceedings are necessary, convenient or desirable in order to better secure the revenue bonds, or will tend to make the revenue bonds more marketable, and which are in the best interests of the state. Any provision which may be included in proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds hereunder may be included in an indenture of trust duly approved in accordance with said sections, which secures the revenue bonds issued in anticipation thereof, and in such case the provision of the indenture shall be deemed to be a part of the proceedings as though they were expressly included therein.

      (g) Whether or not any revenue bonds issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j are of the form and character to qualify as negotiable instruments under the terms of title 42a, the bonds are hereby made negotiable instruments within the meaning of and for all purposes of title 42a, subject only to the provisions of the bonds.

      (h) The state covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of revenue bonds issued by the state pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j, in consideration of the acceptance of and payment for the bonds, that the bonds shall be free at all times from taxes levied by any municipality or political subdivision or special district having taxing powers of the state, and the principal and interest of any bonds issued under the provisions of said sections, their transfer and the income therefrom, including any profit on the sale or transfer thereof, shall at all times be exempt from any taxation by the state of Connecticut or under its authority, except for estate or succession taxes. The State Treasurer is authorized to include this covenant of the state in any agreement with the owner of any bonds and in any credit facility or reimbursement agreement with respect to the bonds.

      (i) The state further covenants with the purchasers and all subsequent owners and transferees of bonds issued by the state pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j, in consideration of the acceptance of the payment of the bonds, until the bonds, together with the interest thereon, with interest on any unpaid installment of interest and all costs and expenses in connection with any action or proceeding on behalf of the owners, are fully met and discharged or unless expressly permitted or otherwise authorized by the terms of each contract and agreement made or entered into by or on behalf of the state with or for the benefit of such owners, that the state will cause the administrator to impose, charge, raise, levy, collect and apply the pledged assessments and other revenues, receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements in each year in which bonds are outstanding and further, that the state (1) will not limit or alter the duties imposed on the administrator, the State Treasurer and other officers of the state by the proceedings authorizing the issuance of bonds with respect to application of pledged assessments or other revenues, receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements; (2) will not issue any bonds, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, other than the bonds, having any rights arising out of said sections or secured by any pledge of or other lien or charge on the pledged revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys pledged for the payment of debt service requirements; (3) will not create or cause to be created any lien or charge on the pledged amounts, other than a lien or pledge created thereon pursuant to said sections, provided nothing in this subsection shall prevent the state from issuing evidences of indebtedness (A) which are secured by a pledge or lien which is, and shall on the face thereof, be expressly subordinate and junior in all respects to every lien and pledge created by or pursuant to said sections; or (B) which are secured by a pledge of or lien on moneys or funds derived on or after the date every pledge or lien thereon created by or pursuant to said sections shall be discharged and satisfied; (4) will carry out and perform, or cause to be carried out and performed, each and every promise, covenant, agreement or contract made or entered into by the state or on its behalf with the owners of any bonds; (5) will not in any way impair the rights, exemptions or remedies of the owners; and (6) will not limit, modify, rescind, repeal or otherwise alter the rights or obligations of the appropriate officers of the state to impose, maintain, charge or collect the assessments and other revenues or receipts constituting the pledged revenues as may be necessary to produce sufficient revenues to fulfill the terms of the proceedings authorizing the issuance of the bonds, including pledged revenue coverage requirements, and provided nothing herein shall preclude the state from exercising its power, through a change in law, to limit, modify, rescind, repeal or otherwise alter the character of the pledged assessments or revenues or to substitute like or different sources of assessments, taxes, fees, charges or other receipts as pledged revenues if and when adequate provision shall be made by law for the protection of the holders of outstanding bonds pursuant to the proceedings under which the bonds are issued, including changing or altering the method of establishing the assessments as provided in subparagraph (B) of subdivision (2) of subsection (e) of section 31-225a. The State Bond Commission is authorized to include this covenant of the state, as a contract of the state, in any agreement with the owner of any bonds and in any credit facility or reimbursement agreement with respect to the bonds.

      (j) Pending the use and application of any bond proceeds, the proceeds may be invested by, or at the direction of, the State Treasurer in obligations listed in section 3-20.

      (k) Any revenue bonds issued under the provisions of this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j and at any time outstanding may, at any time and from time to time, be refunded by the state by the issuance of its revenue refunding bonds in whatever amounts the State Bond Commission may deem necessary, but not to exceed an amount sufficient to refund the principal of the revenue bonds to be so refunded, to pay any unpaid interest thereon and any premiums and commissions necessary to be paid in connection therewith and to pay costs and expenses which the State Treasurer may deem necessary or advantageous in connection with the authorization, sale and issuance of refund bonds. Any such refunding may be effected whether the revenue bonds to be refunded shall have matured or shall thereafter mature. All revenue refunding bonds issued hereunder shall be payable solely from the Unemployment Compensation Advance Fund and revenues or other receipts, funds or moneys out of which the revenue bonds to be refunded thereby are payable and shall be subject to and may be secured in accordance with the provisions of this section.

      (l) The State Treasurer shall have power, out of any funds available therefor, to purchase revenue bonds issued pursuant to this section and sections 3-21a, 31-222, 31-225a, 31-231a, 31-232b, 31-232d, 31-232f, 31-236, 31-250a, 31-259, 31-263, 31-264a and 31-274j. The State Treasurer may hold, pledge, cancel or resell the bonds, subject to and in accordance with agreements with bondholders.

      (P.A. 93-243, S. 10, 15; 93-419, S. 4, 9; P.A. 98-124, S. 10, 12.)

      History: P.A. 93-243 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 93-419 deleted references to bond anticipation notes throughout section, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 98-124 amended Subsec. (f)(3) to add agreements entered into pursuant to Sec. 3-20a, effective May 27, 1998.

      Sec. 31-265. Interest on contributions not paid when due. Contributions unpaid on the date on which they are due and payable in accordance with the provisions of this chapter shall bear interest for each month or fraction thereof after such date until payment, plus accrued interest, has been received by the administrator, provided no person shall be required to pay interest for any period during which he may have performed military service in the armed forces of the United States or of the United Nations subsequent to June 25, 1950. The administrator may prescribe fair and reasonable regulations whereby interest shall not accrue during the first five calendar quarters that any employer is subject to this chapter. Interest collected pursuant to this section shall be paid into the Employment Security Special Administration Fund. For purposes of this section, the interest rate on such unpaid contributions shall be determined by the administrator, on the last banking day in October of each calendar year, for use in the succeeding calendar year, and shall be two per cent per annum plus a simple average of the prime lending rates on such date at the three largest commercial banks in the state in terms of total assets, except that in no event shall the interest on unpaid contributions be less than twelve per cent per annum.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7535; 1953, S. 3086d; March, 1958, P.A. 27, S. 39; 1969, P.A. 457, S. 1; P.A. 77-608, S. 1; P.A. 82-262, S. 1; P.A. 85-29.)

      History: 1969 act raised interest rate from 0.5% to 0.75%; P.A. 77-608 raised interest rate to 1%; P.A. 82-262 changed the interest rate to be charged on delinquent contributions from 1% per month to an annual rate equivalent to 2% plus the average prime lending rate at the state's three largest commercial banks with a minimum rate of 12% per annum; P.A. 85-29 provided that the interest rate on unpaid contributions shall be determined on the last banking day in October of the particular year rather than on the last banking day of the year.

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 314 U.S. 569. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-266. Collection of contributions. Lien. Foreclosure. If, after notice, any employer fails to make any payment of contributions or interest thereon, the amount due, with interest thereon pursuant to section 31-265, shall be collectible by any means provided by law for the collection of any tax due the state of Connecticut or any subdivision thereof, including any means provided by section 12-35. Tax warrants referred to in said section 12-35 may be signed either by the administrator, the executive director of the Employment Security Division or any person in the employment security division in a position equivalent to or higher than the position presently held by a revenue examiner four. The amount due shall be a lien from the due date until discharged by payment against all the property of the employer within the state, whether real or personal, except such as is exempt from execution, including debts to the employer, and a certificate of such lien without specifically describing such real or personal property, signed by the administrator, the executive director or any person in the Employment Security Division in a position equivalent to or higher than the position presently held by a revenue examiner four, may be filed in the office of the clerk of any town in which such real property is situated, or, in the case of personal property, in the office of the Secretary of the State, which lien shall be effective from the date on which it is recorded. When any tax with respect to which a lien has been recorded under the provisions of this section has been satisfied, the administrator, upon request of any interested party, shall issue a certificate discharging such lien. Any action for the foreclosure of such lien shall be brought by the Attorney General in the name of the state in the superior court for the judicial district in which the property subject to such lien is situated or, if such property is located in two or more judicial districts, in the superior court for any one such judicial district and the court may limit the time for redemption or order the sale of such property or pass such other or further decree as it judges equitable. When the property to be liened is concealed in the hands of an agent or trustee so that it cannot be found or attached, or is a debt due to the employer, the certificate of lien may be filed by leaving a copy thereof with such agent, trustee or debtor, or by mailing to him a copy thereof by registered or certified mail, and from the time of the receipt of such lien all the effects of the employer in the hands of such agent or trustee and any debt due from such debtor to the employer shall be secured in the hands of such agent, trustee or debtor to pay the tax secured by such lien. The payment by such agent, trustee or debtor to the administrator shall discharge him of his liability to the employer to the extent thereof. The administrator may require such agent, trustee or debtor to disclose under oath within ten days whether he has in his hands the goods or effects of the employer or is indebted to him. If such agent, trustee or debtor fails to disclose or, having disclosed, fails to turn over such effects or pay to the administrator the amount of his indebtedness to the employer, the lien shall have the effect of a judgment and the administrator may proceed against him by scire facias taken out from the clerk of the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford in the manner provided in chapter 905 for scire facias against a garnishee.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7536; 1957, P.A. 596, S. 9; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 17; P.A. 78-280, S. 2, 4, 6, 127; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; 88-364, S. 48, 123; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; 93-144, S. 3; P.A. 95-220, S. 4-6.)

      History: 1967 act required filing of lien in secretary of the state's office rather than in office of town clerk where employer has his principal place of business; P.A. 78-280 substituted "judicial district(s)" for "county(ies)" and "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" for "Hartford county"; P.A. 88-230 replaced "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" with "judicial district of Hartford", effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 88-364 made a technical change; P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 93-144 authorized individuals in the employment security division at or above the level of revenue examiner four to sign tax warrants and lien certificates for the collection of employer contributions; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995.

      Cited. 314 U.S. 569.

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 161 C. 362. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-266a. Civil action to enjoin employer from entering employment contracts where contributions unpaid. When a tax warrant issued pursuant to the authority contained in section 31-266 has been returned unsatisfied either in whole or in part, and the amount collectible from the employer named therein by means of such warrant represents contributions due with respect to at least four calendar quarters, and the employer, after ten days' notice sent to his last-known address by registered or certified mail, has failed to pay such amount in full, the administrator may bring a civil action returnable to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford to enjoin such employer, until such amount, with interest and costs, has been paid in full, from entering into any contract of employment as a result of which he will further become liable to pay unemployment contributions.

      (1961, P.A. 325, S. 5; P.A. 78-280, S. 6, 127; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-220, S. 4-6.)

      History: P.A. 78-280 substituted "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" for "Hartford county"; P.A. 88-230 replaced "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" with "judicial district of Hartford", effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-266b. Disposition of real or personal property taken by foreclosure. Any real estate to which title has been taken by foreclosure, or any personal property on which a tax lien under this chapter has been filed, or which has been conveyed to the state in lieu of foreclosure in payment of contributions, may be sold, transferred or conveyed for the state by the administrator with the approval of the Attorney General, and the administrator may, in the name of the state, execute deeds or title transfer documents for such purpose.

      (1961, P.A. 325, S. 6; 1971, P.A. 835, S. 30.)

      History: 1971 act authorized sale, transfer or conveyance of personal property on which tax lien has been filed and authorized administrator to execute title transfer documents.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-266c. Abatement of contributions. Compromises. (a) The administrator, upon the advice of the Attorney General, may abate any contributions due under this chapter which have been found by the administrator to be uncollectible.

      (b) The administrator or the administrator's duly authorized agent may make or entertain an offer of compromise for any contributions due under this chapter if such offer is based upon doubt as to the employer's liability for the amount in controversy or doubt as to the collectibility of such amount. For purposes of this section, doubt as to the employer's liability for the amount in controversy exists if there is a genuine dispute as to the existence or amount of the employer's liability under this chapter, and doubt as to the collectibility of such amount exists if the employer's assets and income are less than the full amount of the employer's debts, obligations and liabilities under state or federal law.

      (1961, P.A. 325, S. 7; P.A. 04-179, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 04-179 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a), made technical change therein for purposes of gender neutrality and added Subsec. (b) to allow administrator or authorized agent to make or consider compromise offers for overdue unemployment compensation taxes in defined circumstances, effective July 1, 2004.

      Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-267. Priority of claim for contributions in case of insolvency, bankruptcy or dissolution. In the event of any distribution of an employer's assets pursuant to an order of any court under the laws of this state, including any receivership, assignment for benefit of creditors, adjudicated insolvency, composition or similar proceeding, contributions then or thereafter due shall be paid in full prior to all other claims except taxes. In the event of an employer's adjudication in bankruptcy, judicially confirmed extension proposal or composition under the federal Bankruptcy Act of 1898, as amended, contributions then or thereafter due shall be entitled to such priority as is provided in Section 64 of that act (U.S. Code, Title 11, Section 104), as amended. In the event of any distribution of the employer's assets upon the termination of the corporate existence of such employer, either by limitation or by voluntary dissolution, contributions then due shall be paid in full prior to all other claims, except taxes.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7537.)

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 314 U.S. 569. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-268. Adjustment of errors. On or before October 1, 1977, the administrator shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 providing that if, through error and without fraudulent intent, more or less than the correct amount of contributions has been paid with respect to employment during any period, adjustments may be made without interest in computing contributions due and payable with respect to employment during subsequent contribution periods, or otherwise, within such time limits and subject to such conditions as the administrator prescribes. Such regulations shall apply to any deficiency in contributions made prior to the adoption of such regulations, provided any such deficiency was made through error and without fraudulent intent.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7538; P.A. 77-104, S. 1, 2.)

      History: P.A. 77-104 made adoption of regulations mandatory rather than optional, imposed October 1, 1977, deadline and specified that regulations apply to prior deficiencies in contributions made through error and without fraudulent intent.

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 314 U.S. 569. Administrator may make adjustment for rehiring credits even though plaintiff failed to make timely claim. 139 C. 402. Cited. 163 C. 401. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-269. Refunds and deficiencies. If more or less than the correct amount of contributions imposed has been paid with respect to employment during any period and if such overpayment or underpayment cannot be or is not adjusted under section 31-268, the amount of the overpayment shall be refunded to the employer from the contribution account of the Unemployment Compensation Fund or the amount of the underpayment shall be paid by the employer to the administrator at such time as the administrator prescribes, provided no refund shall be made unless request has been made within three years from the due date of the contributions claimed to have been overpaid or which would be contrary to the requirements of the Social Security Act or any amendments thereto. Any refunds of interest paid into the Employment Security Special Administration Fund established by section 31-259 shall be paid from said fund. If the overstatement of wages results in unemployment compensation benefits being paid, the amount of any overpayment of unemployment compensation benefits shall be deducted from any refunds of contributions until the amount of overpayment of unemployment compensation benefits has been recovered.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7539; 1953, S. 3087d; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 18; P.A. 74-229, S. 20, 22.)

      History: 1967 act specified that refunds be made from contribution account of unemployment compensation fund, required that request for refund be made within three years, rather than six years from due date of contributions claimed as overpaid, etc. and provided that amount of benefits paid and based on wage credits established as result of overstatement of wages be deducted from refund; P.A. 74-229 rephrased provision re deduction of overpayments from refund.

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 314 U.S. 569. Despite plaintiff's failure to make timely claim for rehiring credits, administrator must refund overpayment. 139 C. 402. Cited. 163 C. 401. Cited. 175 C. 269.

      Sec. 31-270. Failure of employer to file report of contributions due. Appeal from action of administrator. If an employer fails to file a report for the purpose of determining the amount of contributions due under this chapter, or if such report when filed is incorrect or insufficient and the employer fails to file a corrected or sufficient report within twenty days after the administrator has required the same by written notice, the administrator shall determine the amount of contribution due, with interest thereon pursuant to section 31-265, from such employer on the basis of such information as he may be able to obtain and he shall give written notice of such determination to the employer. Such determination shall be made not later than three years subsequent to the date such contributions became payable and shall finally fix the amount of contribution unless the employer, within thirty days after the giving of such notice, appeals to the superior court for the judicial district of Hartford or for the judicial district in which the employer's principal place of business is located. Said court shall give notice of a time and place of hearing thereon to the administrator. At such hearing the court may confirm or correct the action of the administrator. If the action of the administrator is confirmed or the amount of the contribution determined by the administrator is increased, the cost of such proceedings, as in civil actions, shall be assessed against the employer. No costs shall be assessed against the state on such appeal. The amount of any judgment rendered in such proceedings, with costs, shall be collected either on execution, as provided in civil actions, or as provided in section 31-266.

      (1949 Rev., S. 7540; 1953, S. 3088d; 1967, P.A. 790, S. 19; 1969, P.A. 456; P.A. 78-280, S. 2, 6, 127; P.A. 88-230, S. 1, 12; P.A. 90-98, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-142, S. 4, 7, 8; P.A. 95-220, S. 4-6.)

      History: 1967 act required determination within three years in all cases where previously determination was required within six years generally and within three years only where employer "in good faith, was not aware of the fact that he was subject to this chapter", and required collection of costs as provided in Sec. 31-266 rather than "on execution, as in civil actions"; 1969 act restored collection of costs on execution as provided in civil actions as option; P.A. 78-280 replaced "county" with "judicial district" and "Hartford county" with "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain"; P.A. 88-230 replaced "judicial district of Hartford-New Britain" with "judicial district of Hartford", effective September 1, 1991; P.A. 90-98 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1991, to September 1, 1993; P.A. 93-142 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1993, to September 1, 1996, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 95-220 changed the effective date of P.A. 88-230 from September 1, 1996, to September 1, 1998, effective July 1, 1995.

      See Sec. 31-272(b) re limitation on fees and costs in proceedings regarding claims for benefits.

      Cited. 125 C. 302. Cited. 126 C. 115. Cited. 127 C. 176; Id., 181. Cited. 128 C. 87. Cited. 133 C. 117. Cited. 135 C. 103. Cited. 314 U.S. 569. Cited. 175 C. 269. Cited. 179 C. 507. Cited. 216 C. 237. Cited. 225 C. 99.

      In an appeal from the action of an administrator, the court must try the issue de novo. 8 CS 144. Cited. 9 CS 237. The employer must keep accurate records of expense accounts. Id., 244. Cited. Id., 429. Cited. 11 CS 340. Cited. 22 CS 100. On appeal, court's function is only to ascertain whether administrator's conclusion was unreasonable, arbitrary or illegal. Id., 104. Cited. 42 CS 376.

      Sec. 31-271. Examination to determine liability of employer, sufficiency of reports, amount of contributions due, or ability to pay; subpoena.</