CHAPTER 430
MILK AND MILK PRODUCTS

      Sec. 22-127. Definitions. The terms defined in this section shall, as used in this chapter, have the meanings set forth in this section unless otherwise clearly indicated in the context.

      (1) "Bulk tank unit" means a dairy farm or group of dairy farms from which raw milk is collected for pasteurization for which a single entity sanitation compliance rating is issued.

      (2) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Agriculture.

      (3) "Cheese manufacturer" means any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association engaged in the production, receiving or handling of milk or milk products, which milk products, in whole or in part, are intended to be manufactured into cheese for distribution or sale in or outside this state.

      (4) "Dealer" means any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association engaged in the receiving, handling, purchasing, distribution or sale of fluid milk or milk products, which fluid milk or milk products, in whole or in part, are intended for bottling, manufacturing, processing, distribution or sale in this state.

      (5) "Filled milk" means any combination of nonmilk fat or oil and milk, whether or not it is fresh, cultured, reconstituted or modified by the addition of nonfat milk solids, with or without milkfat, so that the product, including stabilizers, emulsifiers or flavoring, resembles milk or any other fluid milk product, and contains less than six per cent nonmilk fat or oil.

      (6) "Handler" means any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association engaged in the receiving, handling, distribution or sale of fluid milk or milk products, which fluid milk or milk products, in whole or in part, are intended for bottling, manufacturing, processing, distribution or sale in this state.

      (7) "Nonstandardized milk products" means milk-based products modified so they do not meet the definition of optional ingredients established in 21 CFR 131.110, contain milk and milk products, are intended to replace or be a substitute for standardized fluid milk products. Nonstandardized milk products may contain safe and suitable ingredients not present in standardized milk products.

      (8) "Pasteurization" or "pasteurized" has the same meaning, as defined in section 1 of the Pasteurized Milk Ordinance as promulgated by the United States Food and Drug Administration.

      (9) "Producer" means any person, firm or corporation that operates a dairy farm that provides, sells or offers milk to any dealer, person, handler, company or cooperative for sale.

      (10) "Public eating places" means places where meals are served to the general public, including, but not limited to, public or private schools and colleges, hotels, restaurants, clubs, lunchrooms, bars, fountains or any place of public entertainment.

      (11) "Raw milk" or "milk for pasteurization" means normal lacteal secretion that is practically free of colostrum and that is obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy hooved mammals.

      (12) "Raw milk cheese" means aged hard cheese that meets the sanitary provisions of this chapter and that is produced from retail raw milk.

      (13) "Retail raw milk" means normal lacteal secretion that is practically free of colostrum, that is obtained by the complete milking of one or more healthy goats, sheep or cows, that is intended for human consumption in the unpasteurized state and that meets the sanitary standards of this chapter.

      (14) "Retail raw milk producer" means any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association engaged in the production, handling, distribution or sale of retail raw milk.

      (15) "Retail raw milk cheese manufacturer" means any person, firm, corporation or cooperative association engaged in the production, handling, distribution or sale of cheese manufactured from retail raw milk.

      (16) "Safe and suitable ingredients" are food ingredients generally recognized as safe, as referenced in 21 CFR 184.1.

      (17) "Standardized milk and milk products" or "milk or milk products" means products for which a standard of identity has been established pursuant to 21 CFR 131.110.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3175; 1951, 1953, S. 1731d; 1957, P.A. 359, S. 1; 419; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 188; 518, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 173, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 412, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 56, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 85-119, S. 1; P.A. 90-66, S. 1; P.A. 91-312, S. 1; P.A. 93-320, S. 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c), (e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 4; P.A. 06-19, S. 3.)

      History: 1959 act replaced commissioner of agriculture with commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 acts deleted definition of "milk drinks" as "the same as flavored milk", incorporating references to milk drinks in following definition of "flavored milk", defined "low-fat milk" and included reference to it in definition of "milk products" and replaced commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture and natural resources; 1963 act defined "fortified low-fat milk"; 1965 act allowed addition of optional ingredients in sour cream and buttermilk, redefined buttermilk to require eight and one-fourth per cent rather than eight per cent milk-solids-not-fat and to replace "wholesome milk products" with "approved milk, low-fat milk or a combination thereof", defined "acidified milk and milk products" and "half and half" and added references to "soured cream", "salad cream" and "half and half" under "milk products"; 1969 act added reference to milk regulation board's power to change definitions and redefined "milk products" by replacing list of products included with general statement; 1971 act replaced commissioner of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture; P.A. 85-119 revised the definition of sour cream to establish a milk fat content and increased the permitted acidity from two-tenths of one per cent to one-half of one per cent, revised the definition of low-fat milk to reduce the minimum butterfat percentage from a range of one and three-quarters of one per cent to two and one-quarter per cent to a range of one-half per cent to two per cent, revised the definition of fortified low-fat milk to reduce the minimum butterfat percentage from a range of one and three-quarters per cent to two and one-quarter per cent to a range of one-half per cent to two per cent, and revised the definition of half and half to increase the minimum milk fat content from ten to ten and one-half per cent; P.A. 90-66 defined "ultrapasteurized" and "aseptically processed milk and milk product"; P.A. 91-312 alphabetized definitions, revised definitions of "fortified low-fat milk", "goats' milk", "half and half", "fortified skimmed milk" or "fortified nonfat milk" and "ultrapasteurized", added definitions of "eggnog", "filled milk", "manufactured dairy product", "pasteurization" or "pasteurized" and "yogurt", "low-fat yogurt" and "nonfat yogurt", replaced "commissioner of weights and measures" with "commissioner of consumer protection" in definition of "gaging milk" and replaced defined term of "aseptically processed milk and milk product" with "ultra-high-temperature processed and aseptically packaged milk and milk product"; P.A. 93-320 added Subdiv. (27) defining "handler"; (Revisor's note: In 1999, a reference in Subdiv. (27) to "mild products" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "milk products" to correct a typographical error in P.A. 93-320); June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced separate Commissioners of Agriculture and Consumer Protection with single Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-175 made a technical change, deleted provision re regulation of Milk Regulation Board and replaced former definitions with new definitions in Subdivs. (1) to (17); P.A. 06-19 redefined "raw milk" in Subdiv. (11) and "retail raw milk" in Subdiv. (13) and made a technical change in Subdiv. (17), effective May 2, 2006.

      See Secs. 22-152 and 22-153 re milk standards.

      See Sec. 22-194 for definition of "pasteurization".

      This section deals with definitions only and its terms are not regulatory or prohibitory. 148 C. 341.

      Sec. 22-128. Powers and duties of commissioner. Access to premises. Removal or abatement of insanitary condition. Civil penalty. (a) The commissioner may employ such agents and assistants as are necessary to enforce the provisions of this chapter and the provisions of the regulations of the Milk Regulation Board and the orders of the commissioner as authorized by said board, and he and his deputy or agents and assistants, for the purpose of examining into any suspected violation of the provisions of this chapter, shall have free access, at all reasonable hours, to all places and premises, apartments of private families keeping no boarders excepted, in which he suspects that the laws relating to milk or any other milk product under his jurisdiction are being violated.

      (b) The agents of any dealer, cooperative or other transportation agencies having knowledge or record of any consignment of milk and cream shall inform the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant of such consignment and the name of the consignee when requested by the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant.

      (c) The commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant shall make an examination of the premises of any farm or dairy, or any place in which cattle, dairy stock or other domestic animals are kept within this state, in which any insanitary condition liable to affect the products of such farm or dairy exists, or is reported or suspected to exist. When any such condition is found by him, he shall notify the owner or occupant of the premises upon which such condition exists to remove or abate the same at the expense of such owner or occupant, within such time as the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant directs; and he may, by notice in writing to the owner or occupant, prohibit the sale of any milk or milk products produced on any farm or in any dairy, the owner or occupant of which fails to comply with any order of the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant to remove or abate any insanitary condition existing on such premises which is liable to affect the products of such farm or dairy, until such insanitary condition is removed or abated to the satisfaction of the commissioner or his deputy, agent or assistant, and such prohibition shall be terminated by him in writing, but such prohibition may remain in effect five days at the discretion of the commissioner.

      (d) Any person who refuses the access provided for herein to the commissioner, his deputy, agent or assistant, or who sells any milk or milk products of any farm or dairy, the sale of which has been prohibited as herein provided, shall be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3176; 1949, S. 1732d; 1961, P.A. 190; P.A. 84-34, S. 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 43; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 85, 130.)

      History: 1961 act replaced agents of "railroads and express companies" with agents of "any dealer, cooperative or other transportation agencies"; P.A. 84-34 added reference to Sec. 22-162a; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., amended Subsec. (a) to delete reference to Sec. 22-162a since said Sec. already included in existing reference to "this chapter" and amended Subsec. (d) to replace criminal penalty of a fine of not more than twenty-five dollars or imprisonment of not more than thirty days or both with provision for the assessment of a civil penalty and to delete provision that evidence of violation of any provision of this section shall be prima facie evidence of wilful violation; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made a technical change in Subsec. (d) for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994.

      Cited. 111 C. 440.

      Sec. 22-128a. Schedule of fees. The Commissioner of Agriculture shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 establishing a schedule of fees sufficient to cover the reasonable cost of reviewing and acting upon an application for, and monitoring of compliance with, the terms and conditions of any approval, examination, license or permit concerning the production and marketing of milk and milk products.

      (P.A. 91-312, S. 2, 48; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

      History: June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

      Sec. 22-129. Sale and distribution prohibited. The Commissioner of Agriculture or the commissioner's duly authorized agent shall prohibit the sale or offering for sale or distribution of any cheese, milk or other milk product which is insanitary or detrimental to health, and which has not been produced, processed, cared for or handled in the manner prescribed in this chapter and in chapter 431 and by the regulations of the Milk Regulation Board.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3211; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 06-41, S. 1.)

      History: 1959 act replaced commissioner of agriculture with commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 act replaced commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture and natural resources; 1971 act replaced commissioner of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 06-41 replaced "deputy" with "commissioner's duly authorized agent", prohibited "offering for sale", specified applicability to cheese and added references to "processed" products and to chapter 431.

      Sec. 22-129a. Seizure and embargo. (a) The Commissioner of Agriculture or the commissioner's duly authorized agent may seize, destroy, dispose of or embargo any milk, milk product or cheese that does not comply with the provisions of this chapter, chapter 431 or regulations adopted hereunder or pursuant to chapter 431 and is deemed to be unfit or unsafe for use as a food or is a threat to public health.

      (b) Whenever the commissioner finds or has probable cause to believe that any milk, milk product or cheese is adulterated, misbranded or deleterious to health, the commissioner or the commissioner's duly authorized agent may affix to such milk, milk product or cheese a tag or other appropriate marking, giving warning that such milk, milk product or cheese is or is suspected of being adulterated or misbranded. No person shall remove or dispose of such milk, milk product or cheese by sale or otherwise without the express permission of the commissioner or the commissioner's duly authorized agent. Not later than twenty-four hours after such tagging or marking, the commissioner or the commissioner's duly authorized agent shall notify the owner or custodian of such milk, milk product or cheese of the commissioner's or the commissioner's agent's findings, or of any violations or proposed disposition and of the right to a hearing. Any person aggrieved by an order of the commissioner may request a hearing before the commissioner not more than five days after the issuance of such order. The hearing shall be conducted not later than twenty days after the tagging or marking of any milk product or cheese and not later than ten days after the tagging or marking of any perishable fluid milk.

      (c) Following such hearing the commissioner shall make a determination as to whether such milk, milk product or cheese complies with the provisions of this chapter, chapter 431 and any regulations adopted pursuant to this chapter or chapter 431 and is safe for use as a food. If the commissioner determines the milk, milk product or cheese is unsafe or unfit for use as food, the commissioner may order the owner or custodian to destroy or dispose of such milk, milk product or cheese. The commissioner or the commissioner's duly authorized agent shall supervise the destruction or other disposition of such milk, milk product or cheese. If the commissioner finds the milk, milk product or cheese is safe for use as food and is not detrimental to public health, or can be properly packaged, marked or otherwise brought into compliance with the provisions of this chapter, chapter 431, or any regulations adopted pursuant to this chapter or chapter 431, the commissioner may order such milk, milk product or cheese to be so packaged, marked or otherwise brought into compliance and may thereafter authorize the release of such milk, milk product or cheese. The owner or custodian of such milk, milk product or cheese shall pay the costs of storage, handling and other incidental expenses.

      (d) A certificate of analysis from a laboratory of the Department of Public Health, the Agricultural Experiment Station, the United States Food and Drug Administration, the United States Department of Agriculture or The University of Connecticut Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory or other certified laboratory acceptable to the commissioner shall be considered prima facie evidence of the ingredients and constituents of a sample of milk, milk product or cheese.

      (e) Any person aggrieved by the determination of the commissioner may appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183.

      (f) The commissioner shall not be liable for any damages caused by the seizure, embargo, destruction, tagging or marking of any milk, milk products or cheese pursuant to this section unless a court finds there was no probable cause for such tagging or marking.

      (P.A. 85-281, S. 1, 2; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 06-41, S. 2.)

      History: June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 06-41 added "commissioner's duly authorized agent", replaced "quarantine" with "embargo", added "cheese" and made technical changes throughout section, replaced former notice and hearing requirements with new tagging, notice and hearing requirements and deadlines in Subsec. (b), added provisions re destruction, disposal or release of milk, milk product or cheese in Subsec. (c), added new Subsec. (d) re certificate of analysis as prima facie evidence re ingredients, redesignated existing Subsecs. (d) and (e) as Subsecs. (e) and (f), respectively, and amended said Subsec. (f) to extend commissioner's liability exclusion re seizure, embargo and destruction of milk, milk products or cheese.

      Sec. 22-130. Authority of commissioner limited. The powers and duties of the Commissioner of Agriculture under this chapter shall not be construed to include the inspection of cheese foods and chocolate drinks.

      (1951, S. 1772d; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 76-132, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-34, S. 3; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

      History: 1959 act replaced commissioner and department of agriculture with commissioner and department of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 act replaced commissioner and department of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner and department of agriculture and natural resources; 1971 act replaced commissioner and department of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner and department of agriculture; P.A. 76-132 deleted butter, cheese and milk products with gas added to simulate whipped cream as products exempt from commissioner's inspection; P.A. 84-34 deleted reference to inspection of egg nog beverages; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

      Sec. 22-131. Milk Regulation Board. (a) In accordance with section 4-9a, the Governor, with the advice and consent of either house of the General Assembly, shall appoint eight electors of the state, two of whom are actively engaged in the sale and distribution of milk, two of whom are actively engaged in the processing of milk, two of whom have no active or financial interest in the production or sale of milk, and two of whom are actively engaged in the production of milk, which eight electors, with the Commissioner of Public Health, or the commissioner's designee, and the Commissioner of Agriculture, shall constitute the Milk Regulation Board. The Governor, for cause, after a public hearing, may remove any appointed member of the board.

      (b) The Milk Regulation Board shall keep a record of all its proceedings. The Commissioner of Agriculture shall be the chairperson of the board, shall enforce the regulations established by the board and shall further administer any other duties prescribed by the board. The office of the Commissioner of Agriculture shall be the office of the board. Each of the eight members of the Milk Regulation Board appointed under the provisions of this section shall receive seventy-five dollars for each day the member attends a meeting of the board. The total payments to each member shall not exceed seven hundred fifty dollars each year, such payments to be made from the appropriations made for the Commissioner of Agriculture.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3207; 1953, 1955, S. 1752d; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 74-150, S. 4; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 78-48, S. 1; P.A. 80-145; P.A. 91-312, S. 4; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-130, S. 1.)

      History: 1959 act replaced commissioner of agriculture with commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 act replaced commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture and natural resources; 1971 act replaced commissioner of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture; P.A. 74-150 substituted "1977" for "1973" and deleted requirement that member who has no interest in production of milk be a woman; P.A. 77-614 replaced commissioner of health with commissioner of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-48 deleted reference to milk administrator as board member; P.A. 80-145 replaced previous appointment date and term provisions with provision for appointment in accordance with Sec. 4-9a, retaining board composition as before, and deleted reference to commissioner of agriculture as board chairman; P.A. 91-312 divided sections into Subsecs., provided that the commissioner of agriculture shall be the chairperson of the board, changed the per diem compensation of the members from "twenty dollars and necessary expenses" to "seventy-five dollars" and increased the maximum total annual payment from three hundred fifty to seven hundred fifty dollars; P.A. 93-381 replaced commissioner of health services with commissioner of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-130 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change and increase Governor's appointments from six to eight, adding two members actively engaged in processing of milk, and made a conforming change in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 2005.

      See title 2c re termination under "Sunset Law".

      Cited. 111 C. 440.

      Sec. 22-131a. Transfer of Milk Regulation Board to Department of Consumer Protection. Section 22-131a is repealed.

      (P.A. 77-614, S. 268, 610; P.A. 81-472, S. 158, 159.)

      Sec. 22-131b. Milk Regulation Board study of state dairy industry. Report to General Assembly. (a) The Milk Regulation Board shall conduct a comprehensive study of the dairy industry in the state. The study shall include, but not be limited to, the costs of milk production, the ability of state dairy farmers to meet milk supply demands, regional milk price equity and milk supply and price issues relating to dairy farmers, consumers, processors and retailers.

      (b) Not later than January 1, 2006, the Milk Regulation Board shall complete the study and report the results of such study, in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a, to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to the environment.

      (P.A. 05-130, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 05-130 effective July 1, 2005.

      Sec. 22-131c. Regulations implementing recommendations of Milk Regulation Board re state dairy industry. The Commissioner of Agriculture, in consultation with the Milk Regulation Board, shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to implement the recommendations of said board made pursuant to section 22-131b.

      (P.A. 05-130, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 05-130 effective July 1, 2005.

      Sec. 22-132. Meetings of Milk Regulation Board. The Milk Regulation Board shall hold regular quarterly meetings in January, April, July and October. Special meetings may be called by the chairman. Upon request of any three members, the chairman or, in his absence or inability, the clerk shall call a special meeting of the board.

      (1949, S. 1754d.)

      Sec. 22-133. Regulations of Milk Regulation Board. To assure the consumers of the state milk products of at least standard quality, and to assure to the residents of Connecticut an adequate and regular supply of such milk at all times, the Milk Regulation Board shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, which may include, but not be limited to, definitions, standards of identity, production, transportation, processing, handling, sampling, examination, grading, labeling, regrading and sale of milk and milk products. The Milk Regulation Board may adopt regulations which incorporate by reference the provisions of the federal Pasteurized Milk Ordinance promulgated by the United States Food and Drug Administration provided such regulations shall be consistent with any regulations adopted under section 22-211a, and further provided such regulations may by reference specifically incorporate any future amendment to said ordinance. The board may by regulation establish standards for inspection of the facilities and processes necessary for the production, handling, storage and manufacture of retail raw milk, retail raw milk cheese, butter, cheese, dry milk, whey, concentrated milk, condensed milk, single service fluid milk enclosures and milk products. In exercising its authority, the board shall consider (1) the welfare of the milk producer, the milk dealer and the consuming public, and the need to maintain a constant and adequate supply of fluid milk of at least standard quality; (2) the recommended methods promulgated by recognized authorities for the production, handling and transportation of fluid milk and milk products, and additional methods for the production, handling and transportation of milk and milk products; (3) the recommended methods promulgated by recognized authorities for dairy plant operations in the handling, storage, processing, bottling and labeling of all grades and types of milk, cream and milk products, together with the quality of the dairy products and materials, if any, used in the processing of such products; (4) the healthfulness and quality of all grades and types of milk, cream milk products, cheese and nonstandardized milk products, when said board may be guided by recommendations promulgated by recognized authorities on health and nutrition; (5) whether or not the various grades, such as grade A milk, and types, such as homogenized, pasteurized, vitamin D and vitamin-mineral-fortified milk, flavored milks, low-fat milk or skimmed milk, handled by a dealer, may be handled, processed, advertised, offered for sale or sold without false advertising, deception, fraud or misrepresentation; and (6) ingredient and nutrition labeling requirements, the necessity for clearly distinguishing retail raw milk, cheeses, nonstandardized milk products, whole milk, low-fat milk and skimmed milk in the labeling of such milk so as to prevent confusion, deception and misrepresentation.

      (1949, 1951, S. 1755d, 1756d; 1961, P.A. 518, S. 2; 1963, P.A. 248; 1967, P.A. 163, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 3, S. 1; P.A. 83-587, S. 38, 96; P.A. 91-312, S. 5; P.A. 96-55, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 5.)

      History: 1961 act made issuance of regulations mandatory rather than optional by replacing "may" with "shall", included low fat milk in Subdiv. (e) and added Subdiv. (f) requiring consideration of necessity for distinguishing between types of milk to prevent confusion, etc.; 1963 act required that regulations assure residents of adequate and regular milk supply, allowed board to establish standards for inspection of pasteurizing plants and farms and added Subdivs. (g) and (h) re economic considerations; 1967 act deleted reference to repealed Sec. 22-196 in Subdiv. (g); 1971 act made minor changes to Subdivs. (e) and (f) substituting "low-fat" for "low fat", etc.; P.A. 83-587 deleted reference to Sec. 4-45; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., amended Subsec. (a) to replace detailed provisions re the notice and hearing procedure for the issuance of regulations with requirement that the board "adopt" regulations "in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54", provide that the regulations may include definitions and standards of identity, provide that standards for inspection of pasteurizing plants be established "by regulation", redesignate former Subdivs. (a) to (h), inclusive, as Subdivs. (1) to (8), inclusive, respectively, replace "standard quality milk" with "fluid milk and milk products" and delete reference to milk "of a higher grade or special type" in Subdiv. (2), replace "milk, grade A or certified", with "grade A milk", in Subdiv. (5) and add Subdiv. (9) re sanitary standards, requirements and procedures recommended by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, and added Subsec. (b) requiring the regulations to ensure compliance with the health and sanitation provisions of the Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance; P.A. 96-55 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize adoption of regulations which incorporate future amendments to the federal Pasteurized Milk Ordinance; P.A. 05-175 granted Milk Regulation Board authority to adopt regulations re milk, cheese and nonstandardized milk products, nutrition and labeling requirements, production, handling, storage and manufacturing facilities, deleted regulatory authority re pasteurizing plants and farms supplying such plants, standards for maintaining economic status of Connecticut producers, other economic considerations, and sanitary standards recommended by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, deleted former Subsec. (b) re compliance with Grade A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance and made technical changes.

      Former statute cited. 111 C. 436.

      Sec. 22-134. Violation of regulations of board or orders of commissioner. Civil penalty. No person shall engage in the production, care, marketing or sale of milk or cream unless he has complied with the regulations of said board. Any person who violates any provision of this section or of any regulation established by said board or of any order of said commissioner duly authorized shall be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3212; P.A. 91-312, S. 6; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 84, 130.)

      History: P.A. 91-312 replaced the criminal penalty of a fine of not more than one hundred dollars or imprisonment of not more than thirty days or both with provision for the assessment of a civil penalty; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made a technical change for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994.

      Cited. 111 C. 440.

      Sec. 22-135. Labeling. Section 22-135 is repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

      (1949, 1951, S. 1756d; February, 1965, P.A. 171; P.A. 91-312, S. 7; P.A. 98-12, S. 21, 22.)

      Sec. 22-136. Licensing of weighers, gagers, samplers and testers of milk and cream. Examination fees. Revocation of license. (a) The Milk Regulation Board shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for the examination and licensing of persons who may engage in the weighing, sampling or testing of milk or cream which is to be bought or sold on the basis of the butterfat content, milk components or the bacterial count, or for the purpose of determining the butterfat content, the presence or absence of antibiotics or other inhibitors, milk components or bacterial count for publication or for advertising purposes, or for use as the basis of reports to any person other than their employers or payment to a producer.

      (b) The commissioner shall administer the regulations. Applications for examinations shall be made in writing to the commissioner. Any fees for such applications shall be established by the commissioner pursuant to section 22-128a. The commissioner shall designate the time and place of holding the examinations, and may issue, to any person who has complied with the regulations for the examination and has passed the same to the satisfaction of the commissioner, a license to weigh or gage, sample or test any milk or cream.

      (c) The license shall be valid for two years and may be renewed for a period of two years upon written application to the commissioner accompanied by a fee established by the commissioner pursuant to section 22-128a.

      (d) The license may be revoked by the commissioner, after hearing and upon notice to the licensee, for dishonesty, incompetency, inaccuracy or violation of any provision of this section or sections 22-138 to 22-141, inclusive.

      (e) No person shall take any sample or test any milk or cream for the purpose of determining its butterfat content, its milk components or its bacterial count except as provided in this section, and nothing in this section shall be construed to prevent private testing and sampling for plant purposes. Any person not holding a license may take any unbroken package of milk or cream as a sample.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3177; 1949, S. 1733d; 1957, P.A. 359, S. 2, 1961, P.A. 213; 1967, P.A. 78; 1969, P.A. 21; P.A. 82-91, S. 11, 38; P.A. 91-312, S. 8, 48; P.A. 97-234, S. 4; P.A. 05-175, S. 6.)

      History: 1961 act allowed regulation of determination of butterfat content or bacterial count for use as basis of reports to persons other than employers, restated provision re examination fees, allowed renewals for five years rather than for one and raised renewal fee from one to five dollars, accordingly; 1967 act changed expiration date of initial license to one year from date of issuance rather than December thirty-first following issuance; 1969 act added reference to regulations re licensing, deleted requirement that examinations conform to specifications for testing milk and cream adopted by Association of Official Agricultural Chemists or American Public Health Association and replaced reference to Sec. 22-144 with reference to Sec. 22-141; P.A. 82-91 increased examination fee for weigher's or gager's license from $1.00 to $5.00, increased examination fee for sampler's license from $2.00 to $5.00, increased examination fee for tester's license from $3.00 to $5.00, increased fee for bacteriological examinations from $3.00 to $5.00 and increased license renewal fee from $5.00 to $10.00; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., amended Subsec. (b) to make technical change and increase all examination fees from five to fifteen dollars for applications submitted between July 1, 1991, and July 1, 1992, and provide that on and after July 1, 1992, such fees shall be established by the commissioner pursuant to Sec. 22-128a, amended Subsec. (c) to increase the license renewal fee from ten to twenty-five dollars for an application submitted between July 1, 1991, and July 1, 1992, and provide that on and after July 1, 1992, such fee shall be established by the commissioner pursuant to Sec. 22-128a, and amended Subsec. (d) to replace reference to repealed Sec. 22-137 with reference to Sec. 22-138; P.A. 97-234 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provisions re fees for examinations under this section and provided that any such fees shall be established by the commissioner under Sec. 22-128a; P.A. 05-175 made technical changes, deleted regulatory authority re persons engaged in gaging and added authority re persons sampling or testing milk components, presence or absence of antibiotics or other inhibitors or payment to producer in Subsec. (a), extended license period to two years, reduced renewal period to two years and deleted provisions re twenty-five-dollar application fee in Subsec. (c) and added provision re milk components in Subsec. (e).

      Sec. 22-137. Permits for places where milk or cream is received. Section 22-137 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3178; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Sec. 22-138. Fraudulent manipulation of samples or test; falsification of records. Civil penalty. No person, firm or corporation, or agent or employee thereof, engaged in the business of buying milk or cream on the basis of the percentage of butterfat contained therein, shall underread, overread or otherwise fraudulently manipulate the samples or the test used for determining the percentage of such fat in such milk or cream, or falsify the record thereof. Any person, firm or corporation, or agent or employee thereof, violating any provision of this section shall be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3179; 1949, S. 1734d; 1969, P.A. 50, S. 1; P.A. 91-312, S. 9; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 83, 130.)

      History: 1969 act deleted requirement that test used for determining butterfat content be "Babcock test" and provisions re detailed conditions necessary for test to be made, i.e. required temperature, equipment, etc.; P.A. 91-312 replaced criminal penalty of a fine of not less than twenty-five dollars nor more than five hundred dollars or imprisonment of not more than twelve months or both with provision for the assessment of a civil penalty; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made a technical change for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994.

      Sec. 22-139. Tests to be made by licensed tester. (a) Each person, firm or corporation, or agent or employee thereof, engaged in the business of receiving or buying milk or cream on the basis of the percentage of butterfat contained therein as determined by any test approved by the Milk Regulation Board of samples taken in accordance with the regulations of the Milk Regulation Board, shall have the test or tests made only by a licensed tester, who shall be responsible for the same.

      (b) Each licensed tester shall post his license in plain view in the testing room in which he is employed.

      (c) The commissioner may suspend or revoke such license for failure to post it as required under this section. Each such license which has been revoked shall be returned to the commissioner.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3180; 1969, P.A. 50, S. 2; 1972, P.A. 151, S. 1; P.A. 91-312, S. 10.)

      History: 1969 act replaced reference to Babcock test with "any test approved by the Milk Regulation Board" and required that samples be taken in accordance with regulations of board rather than in accordance with repealed Sec. 22-142; 1972 act deleted word "composite" modifying "samples"; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs. and made technical change.

      Sec. 22-140. Samples to be taken by licensed samplers. (a) Each person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of buying milk or cream on the basis of the percentage of butterfat contained therein, as determined by any test approved by the Milk Regulation Board of samples taken in accordance with the regulations of the Milk Regulation Board, shall have the samples taken by a person holding a license to sample milk or cream.

      (b) Each licensed sampler shall carry upon his person or post his license in plain view in the plant in which he is employed.

      (c) The commissioner may revoke such license for failure to carry or post it as required under this section or for any other just cause. Each such license which has been revoked shall be returned to the commissioner.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3181; 1969, P.A. 50, S. 3; 1972, P.A. 151, S. 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 11.)

      History: 1969 act substituted "any test approved by the milk regulation board" for reference to Babcock test and required that samples be taken in accordance with board regulations rather than as provided in repealed Sec. 22-142; 1972 act deleted word "composite" modifying "samples"; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs. and made technical change.

      Sec. 22-141. Weighing or gaging to be by licensed weigher or gager. (a) Each person, firm or corporation engaged in the business of buying milk or cream by weight shall have such milk or cream weighed by a licensed weigher when such milk or cream is purchased or gaged by a licensed gager when such milk or cream is bought from or at a dairy farm, using a bulk milk cooling tank approved by the commissioner and currently calibrated for the measurement of milk quantity by the Commissioner of Consumer Protection.

      (b) Each licensed weigher or gager shall have his license in his possession, or available for inspection, during working hours.

      (c) The Commissioner of Agriculture may revoke any such weigher's license or gager's license for just cause. Each such license which has been revoked shall be returned to the commissioner.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3182; 1957, P.A. 359, S. 3; 1969, P.A. 20; P.A. 91-312, S. 12; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(c), (e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

      History: 1969 act replaced commissioner of weights and measures with commissioner of consumer protection and substituted "or" for "and" in phrase "licensed weigher and gager"; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., amended Subsec. (a) to require milk or cream to be weighed when "purchased" rather than when "received in a plant licensed under section 22-137" and made technical changes; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced separate Commissioners of Agriculture and Consumer Protection with single Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

      Secs. 22-142 to 22-144. Tests and samples. Division of sample at request of producer. Sampling and tests by commissioner; fees. Sections 22-142 to 22-144, inclusive, are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3183-3185; 1949, S. 1735d; 1951, 1953, S. 1736d; 1957, P.A. 425; 1961, P.A. 252, S. 2.)

      Sec. 22-144a. Testing butterfat milk content. Section 22-144a is repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

      (1961, P.A. 252, S. 1; P.A. 98-12, S. 21, 22.)

      Sec. 22-145. Disposition of fees. Section 22-145 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3186; 1959, P.A. 350, S. 1; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Sec. 22-146. Examination of records and apparatus. The commissioner and his agents are authorized to enter the premises and to examine the test and weight records and testing apparatus of any person, firm or corporation for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of sections 22-136 to 22-148, inclusive.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3187; P.A. 91-312, S. 13.)

      History: P.A. 91-312 replaced reference to repealed Sec. 22-149 with reference to Sec. 22-150; (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 22-150 was replaced editorially by the Revisors with a reference to Sec. 22-148 to reflect the repeal of Sec. 22-150 by P.A. 05-175 and the prior appeal of Sec. 22-149 by P.A. 91-312).

      Sec. 22-147. Appeal. Any person, firm or corporation aggrieved by any decision of the commissioner regarding the enforcement of the provisions of sections 22-136 to 22-148, inclusive, may appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3188; 1971, P.A. 870, S. 71; P.A. 76-436, S. 451, 681; P.A. 77-603, S. 92, 125; P.A. 91-312, S. 14.)

      History: 1971 act deleted reference to appeals to superior court, effective September 1, 1971, except that courts with cases pending retain jurisdiction unless pending matters deemed transferable; P.A. 76-436 replaced court of common pleas with superior court and added reference to judicial districts, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-603 replaced previous detailed appeal provisions with statement requiring that appeals be made in accordance with Sec. 4-183; P.A. 91-312 replaced reference to repealed Sec. 22-149 with reference to Sec. 22-150; (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 22-150 was replaced editorially by the Revisors with a reference to Sec. 22-148 to reflect the repeal of Sec. 22-150 by P.A. 05-175 and the prior appeal of Sec. 22-149 by P.A. 91-312).

      Sec. 22-148. Proceedings for violation. For the violation of any provision of sections 22-136 to 22-147, inclusive, proceedings may be instituted against either the owner or manager who is responsible for the business transacted, or the licensed tester of such milk or cream or the person weighing and sampling the same, or against all of such persons.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3189.)

      Sec. 22-149. Penalty. Section 22-149 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3190; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Sec. 22-150. Registration of milk and butterfat laboratories. Fees. Approval of laboratories. Civil penalty. Revocation of registration. Section 22-150 is repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3192; 1951, S. 1737d; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 91-312, S. 15, 48; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 82, 130; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 97-234, S. 5; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(f); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-150a. Certified milk laboratory. Milk screening laboratory. Component testing laboratory. Permits. Standards. Exceptions. Regulations. Permit suspension or revocation. Civil penalties. (a) As used in this section, (1) "certified milk laboratory" means a facility at which confirmatory and final findings are performed regarding biological, chemical, physical or other examination of milk and milk products, for the purpose of providing information on the sanitary quality, identification of contaminants or amount of any substance prejudicial to the public health, (2) "milk screening laboratory" means any facility used for the purpose of detecting the presence of antibiotic residues or other inhibitory substances in milk and milk products received by a milk dealer or producer dealer, (3) "component testing laboratory" means any facility used for the chemical, physical or other testing of milk, where the results of such tests are used in part or in whole as the basis for payment to a producer.

      (b) No person, firm or corporation shall operate a certified milk laboratory, milk screening laboratory or component testing laboratory in the state of Connecticut without first obtaining a valid permit for such operation from the Commissioner of Agriculture. Permit application shall be made on forms provided by the commissioner and shall be renewed annually by the thirtieth day of June. Upon receipt of any such application or renewal application, the commissioner, or the commissioner's designee, shall make such inspections and investigations as the commissioner deems necessary and shall deny a permit when, in the commissioner's opinion, the operation of the laboratory would be detrimental to the public health. The commissioner shall establish a permit fee schedule pursuant to section 22-128a.

      (c) Each registered certified milk laboratory, milk screening laboratory or component testing laboratory shall comply with the standards for milk laboratories set forth in the Grade-A Pasteurized Milk Ordinance Recommendations of the United States Public Health Service/Food and Drug Administration and shall be subject to periodic inspection by the commissioner, or the commissioner's designee, including inspection of all records necessary to carry out the purposes of this section.

      (d) This section does not apply to any milk laboratory operated by a state agency or to retail raw milk producers or intrastate milk dealers.

      (e) The Milk Regulation Board may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to carry out the provisions of this section.

      (f) The commissioner may revoke or suspend a permit issued under this section or impose a civil penalty, in accordance with section 22-7, for a violation of the provisions of this section.

      (P.A. 05-175, S. 2; P.A. 06-19, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 06-19 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a)(1) and (c), effective May 2, 2006.

      Sec. 22-151. Certification of accuracy of bottle or pipette used to determine butterfat content. Civil penalty. Section 22-151 is repealed, effective October 1, 1997.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3191; P.A. 91-312, S. 16; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 81, 130; P.A. 97-234, S. 11.)

      Sec. 22-152. Standard quality of milk. Any milk which is sold or exchanged or offered for sale or exchange shall be deemed to be sold, exchanged or offered as of standard quality, unless otherwise expressly stated at the time of such sale, exchange or offer. Milk of standard quality shall contain not more than eighty-eight and one-half per cent of watery fluid, not less than eleven and one-half per cent of milk solids, not less than eight and one-quarter per cent of solids not fat and not less than three and one-quarter per cent of butterfat, and the certificate of the director of the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station or chemist in charge thereof, or of the director of the laboratory of the Department of Public Health, shall be evidence of the composition of any milk.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3193; 1951, 1953, S. 1738d; 1957, P.A. 312; 1961, P.A. 175; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58.)

      History: 1961 act deleted provisions limiting plate count bacterial colonies for unpasteurized milk to 300,000 per milliliter and for pasteurized milk to 30,000 per milliliter; P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 93-381 replaced department of health services with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995.

      Power of municipalities to enact ordinances not in conflict with this section. 91 C. 69. Such an ordinance upheld. Id. Former statute cited. 103 C. 519; 111 C. 439. Cited. 148 C. 341.

      Sec. 22-153. Misbranded or adulterated milk, milk product or cheese. Acceptance of milk, milk product or cheese from dealer with suspended or revoked permit. Civil penalty. (a) No person shall, by himself, his employee or agent, sell or exchange, or offer for sale or exchange, or have in his possession with intent to sell or exchange any milk which is misbranded or any milk, milk product or cheese diluted with water or adulterated by any foreign substance, or shall knowingly sell, distribute, exchange or offer for sale any milk, milk product or cheese not produced in compliance with the provisions of this chapter or chapter 431.

      (b) No municipality or subdivision thereof shall require a dealer to place on any bottle, container or label any words, designs or illustrations which are not approved, required or permitted by the Milk Regulation Board.

      (c) Milk, milk products or cheese shall be deemed to be misbranded when they are not labeled with the name and address of the dealer, the common name of the product and any other labeling prescribed by the general statutes or the regulations of the Milk Regulation Board. The display or appearance of words, designs or illustrations on the label which are not so approved or prescribed shall also constitute misbranding.

      (d) No milk dealer licensed pursuant to section 22-229 shall accept milk, milk products or cheese from any person, firm or corporation whose license or permit to produce, distribute or process milk, milk products or cheese is suspended or has been revoked.

      (e) Any person who violates any provision of this section may be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3194; 1949, S. 1739d; 1963, P.A. 134; 1971, P.A. 3, S. 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 17; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 75, 130; P.A. 06-41, S. 3.)

      History: 1963 act deleted prohibition against sale or intent to sell milk "which has been wholly or in part skimmed"; 1971 act provided that common name of standard quality milk shall be "milk" rather than "grade B" or "approved" milk; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., replaced prohibition on the sale, "as of standard quality", milk which is "not of standard quality, as defined by sections 22-127 and 22-152" with prohibition on the sale of milk which is "misbranded", deleted provisions specifying the common names for standard quality milk, grade A milk and certified milk, provided that the addition of approved vitamin A units does not constitute adulteration, and replaced the criminal penalty of a fine of not less than seven dollars nor more than two hundred dollars for a first offense and such fine or imprisonment for not less than ten days nor more than six months or both for a subsequent offense with provision for the assessment of a civil penalty; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made a technical change for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 06-41 added "milk product or cheese" and made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (c), replaced former Subsec. (d) re adulteration exceptions with new provisions re acceptance of milk, milk products or cheese from milk dealer with suspended or revoked license, and amended Subsec. (e) to make civil penalty discretionary.

      Secs. 22-154 to 22-159. Evaporated milk; contents and labeling. Condensed milk. Sweetened condensed milk; sweetened condensed skimmed milk. Requirements for evaporated or condensed milk not otherwise regulated. Adulterated products. Skimmed milk or low fat milk. Sections 22-154 to 22-159, inclusive, are repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3195; 1951, S. 1740d-1744d; 1961, P.A. 518, S. 6; 1963, P.A. 173, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 56, S. 2; P.A. 77-214, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-152, S. 1, 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 18; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 76, 130; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-160. Milk powder, evaporated milk or cream. Foreign milk powder. (a) No person shall sell or exchange, or offer for sale or exchange, or have in his possession with intent to sell or exchange, any milk powder or evaporated milk or cream except in the original packages in which the same are packed by the manufacturer or maker thereof, and each such package shall be plainly marked so as to show the contents thereof, the ingredients composing such contents and identification of the processing plant.

      (b) No person shall sell or exchange, or offer for sale or exchange, or have in his possession with intent to sell or exchange, any milk powder in this state originating from any country or area outside the United States unless such country or area is certified to be free from rinderpest, African swine fever and foot and mouth disease by the United States Department of Agriculture and the Commissioner of Agriculture.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3197; 1967, P.A. 80; P.A. 76-148, S. 1; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

      History: 1967 act required that package be marked to identify processing plant; P.A. 76-148 added Subsec. (b) re sales of milk powder from foreign country; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

      Sec. 22-161. Penalties. Section 22-161 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3198; P.A. 76-148, S. 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Secs. 22-162 and 22-162a. Standard quality of cream; civil penalty. Eggnog beverages; license for processing for sale. Sections 22-162 and 22-162a are repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3199; 1949, S. 1746d; 1957, P.A. 310; 521; 1961, P.A. 170; 1969, P.A. 56, S. 3; P.A. 84-34, S. 1; P.A. 85-119, S. 2; P.A. 87-45; P.A. 91-312, S. 19, 20; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 80, 130; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Secs. 22-163 and 22-164. Milk or cream; containers. Printed notices. Sections 22-163 and 22-164 are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3200, 3201; 1955, S. 1747d; 1961, P.A. 185; 518, S. 3; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Sec. 22-165. Samples of milk, cream and milk products; analysis. Fees. (a) The commissioner and his deputy, agents and assistants may take samples of milk, cream or milk products from any producer, dealer, vendor, processor or manufacturer upon tender of the market price thereof, and shall seal and mark such samples, and, upon request of such producer, dealer, vendor, processor or manufacturer, or his agent, shall seal and mark duplicate samples and leave the duplicate samples with such persons. The official analysis of such samples shall be made by the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station or the Laboratory Division of the Department of Public Health, or any other laboratory approved for making such examinations.

      (b) The commissioner shall collect from the dairy plant, producer, retail raw milk producer or milk dealer permittee a fee or fees established by the commissioner pursuant to section 22-128a, sufficient to cover the actual cost of bio-assays and chemical tests made on samples of milk and milk products. Such fees shall be deposited in the General Fund. The dairy plant, producer, retail raw milk producer or milk dealer permittee shall only be required to pay fees for samples taken to verify product safety when required routine testing has shown the product to be in violation of this chapter. The commissioner may suspend any license or permit issued pursuant to this chapter or chapter 431 to any dairy plant, producer, retail raw milk producer, cheese or yogurt manufacturer, dry milk manufacturer or dealer who fails to pay such fees within sixty days after being billed by the commissioner.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3202; 1949, 1951, 1953, S. 1748d; 1959, P.A. 252, S. 1; 1961, P.A. 169; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 91-312, S. 21; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; P.A. 95-257, S. 12, 21, 58; P.A. 05-175, S. 7.)

      History: 1959 act divided section into Subsecs., made collection of fees to cover cost of bio-assays mandatory rather than optional by substituting "shall" for "may" and required that fees be deposited to general fund rather than set aside as separate fund to defray expenses of bio-assays and chemical analyses; 1961 act required commissioner to collect fees rather than Agricultural Experiment Station, replaced "Vitamin D milk, vitamins A and D skimmed milk and vitamin-mineral-fortified milk or other vitamins or vitamin-mineral-fortified milks" with "milk, skimmed milk, nonfat milk, fortified skimmed milk, or fortified nonfat milk to which vitamins, minerals or any combination thereof have been added" and added provision allowing commissioner to suspend permits of those who fail to pay fees within sixty days after billing; P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 91-312 amended Subsec. (b) to provide that the fee or fees for bio-assays and chemical tests shall be "established by the commissioner pursuant to Sec. 22-128a"; P.A. 93-381 replaced department of health services with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 05-175 made changes re producer and retail raw milk producer testing fees for milk and milk products and suspension of permits for failure to pay fees in Subsec. (b).

      Sec. 22-166. Sale of milk from emaciated or diseased animals. Civil penalty. Any person who sells or exposes for sale milk, or any product of milk, from an animal which has reacted to the tuberculin test or which is emaciated or which shows physical symptoms of disease, which disease may, or may be reasonably suspected to, affect the healthfulness of such milk or any product thereof, after such animal has been adjudged by the commissioner or his deputy or agent to be so emaciated or diseased, shall be assessed a civil penalty in accordance with the provisions of section 22-7.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3203; 1951, S. 1749d; P.A. 91-312, S. 22; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 79, 130.)

      History: P.A. 91-312 replaced the criminal penalty of a fine of not more than twenty-five dollars or imprisonment of not more than thirty days or both with a provision for the assessment of a civil penalty; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1 made a technical change for accuracy, effective July 1, 1994.

      Cited. 111 C. 440.

      Sec. 22-167. Local regulations for the sale of milk. No provision of section 22-133 shall affect the authority of any town, city or borough to enact ordinances concerning the sale or distribution, within its limits, of milk which may be detrimental to public health. In any town, city or borough where no local system of milk and cream control is provided for by charter, the local director of health or board of health may present, at a meeting of the electors warned and held for such purpose, proposed rules and regulations concerning the inspection of dairies and the production, care, handling, marketing or sale of milk or cream, the protection of the public from the use of milk or cream which may be detrimental to the public health and the granting of licenses to milk dealers. Upon approval by the town, city or borough, such rules and regulations shall be enforced in the town, city or borough by the director of health. Amendments of such rules and regulations shall be made in accordance with the procedure provided for their adoption. Such local directors of health or boards of health may revoke any license granted in accordance herewith after due notice and hearing for violation of any such rules and regulations. Any person who produces, handles, markets or sells milk or cream within the limits of any town, city or borough in which such rules and regulations are in effect, without a license as hereinbefore provided, shall be fined not more than one hundred dollars or imprisoned not more than thirty days or both. Any person aggrieved by the failure of the local director of health or board of health to grant a license in accordance with the foregoing provisions or by the action of such director of health or board in revoking a license may appeal from the action of such director of health or board to the Milk Regulation Board in accordance with the provisions of sections 22-169 and 22-170.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3213; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 80; P.A. 77-614, S. 323, 610; P.A. 81-147, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 replaced department of health with department of health services, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 81-147 repealed the requirement that proposed local rules and regulations receive approval of the department of health services prior to enactment.

      Cited. 67 C. 550. Cited. 73 C. 407. Local ordinance requiring milk to be sold in sealed bottles valid. 91 C. 69. Ordinance of town prohibiting sale of raw milk in conflict with statute held invalid. 111 C. 433.

      Sec. 22-168. Damages. Each local official issuing an order prohibiting the sale of milk shall ascertain the average daily quantity of milk produced by the cows or goats of each person affected by such order of prohibition, and the municipality wherein such sale is prohibited shall pay damages for the value of the milk which such person has been unable to sell because of such order, during the period of prohibition, upon proof that, at the time such order was issued, such milk was fit for such consumption and the premises where such milk was produced were free from contagious disease. Any person aggrieved by such order, in the event of failure to agree with the municipality as to the value of the milk produced during such period, may collect the value thereof from such municipality.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3206.)

      Sec. 22-169. Appeals from local authorities. Any person aggrieved by an order issued by any local official authorized to prohibit the sale of milk or cream in any town, city or borough may appeal from such order to the Milk Regulation Board. Such appeal shall be taken by filing in the office of said board a copy of the order prohibiting such sale, with a brief statement of such grievance. Said board shall, within one week after the receipt of such appeal, ascertain the methods employed by the person taking such appeal in producing, handling or distributing milk or cream, and shall cause an inspection of all implements and equipment used in the production and handling of the same, the cows from which, and barn and premises where, such milk or cream is produced or procured and, after such inspection, shall forthwith affirm, modify or rescind such order, but the original order shall remain in force pending such appeal.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3209.)

      Sec. 22-170. Appeal from board. Any person aggrieved by any order made by said board may appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3210; 1971, P.A. 179, S. 18; 870, S. 72; P.A. 74-183, S. 243, 291; P.A. 76-436, S. 210, 681; P.A. 77-603, S. 93, 125.)

      History: 1971 acts replaced provision which had required service of petition upon attorney general at least twelve days before next return day or upon judge ten days before hearing date with provision requiring that appeals be returned between twelve and thirty days after service and, effective September 1, 1971, replaced superior court with court of common pleas, except that courts with cases pending retain jurisdiction unless pending matters deemed transferable; P.A. 74-183 added reference to judicial districts and required that petitions be taken to court rather than to board, effective December 31, 1974; P.A. 76-436 replaced court of common pleas with superior court, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-603 deleted reference to appeals re rulings or regulations and replaced previous provisions detailing appeal procedure with statement that appeals shall be in accordance with Sec. 4-183.

      Sec. 22-171. Filled milk. Section 22-171 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3214; 1961, P.A. 180; P.A. 91-312, S. 47.)

      Sec. 22-172. Registration of producers. Permits. Penalty. (a) Any person, firm or corporation engaged in the production of milk for pasteurization in Connecticut, which milk or the products thereof are to be used or disposed of elsewhere than on the premises where such milk is to be produced shall register with the Commissioner of Agriculture in a manner prescribed, and on forms furnished by the commissioner for such registration.

      (b) Milk shall not be used, sold, offered for sale or disposed of away from any dairy farm located in Connecticut without a permit from the commissioner.

      (c) Such permits may be renewed annually upon written application to the commissioner, shall be designated "Dairy Farm Permit" or "Milk Producer Permit" and may be suspended or revoked by the commissioner for cause.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3215; 1953, S. 1758d; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 78-358, S. 4, 6; P.A. 79-200; P.A. 91-312, S. 23; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-12, S. 34, 55; P.A. 94-171; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 8.)

      History: 1959 act replaced commissioner of agriculture with commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources; 1961 act replaced commissioner of agriculture, conservation and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture and natural resources; 1971 act replaced commissioner of agriculture and natural resources with commissioner of agriculture; P.A. 78-358 referred specifically to Subsec. (a) of Sec. 22-173 rather than to whole section as previously; P.A. 79-200 changed month for renewing registration from April to January; P.A. 91-312 divided section into Subsecs., required the registration to be renewed annually during the first six months of the calendar year rather than during the month of January, deleted the requirement that the commissioner furnish copies of dairy farm permits or a certified list thereof to be kept on file by the dairy plant or milk dealer, and provided that the penalty for a violation shall be a civil penalty rather than "the penalty prescribed by section 22-203"; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-12 amended Subsec. (a) by establishing a registration fee for the sale, use or disposal of milk; P.A. 94-171 amended Subsec. (a) to delete twenty-five-dollar annual fee for registration and deleted Subsec. (d) re penalties for violation of this section; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-175 added provision re milk for pasteurization, deleted provision re entities located outside Connecticut, made a technical change and deleted annual registration requirement in Subsec. (a), added provision re offering milk for sale and deleted out-of-state seller permit requirement in Subsec. (b), and added discretionary annual permit renewal authority and changed names of permits in Subsec. (c).

      See Sec. 22-301 re requirement that milk herd must test negative for tuberculosis and brucellosis before issuance of permit.

      Sec. 22-173. Registration of dealers. Permits. Labeling. Civil penalty. Information required. Section 22-173 is repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3216; 1949, 1951, 1953, S. 1759d; 1957, P.A. 313, S. 1; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1967, P.A. 163, S. 2; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 78-358, S. 5, 6; P.A. 83-40; P.A. 91-312, S. 24; May 25 Sp. Sess. P.A. 94-1, S. 78, 130; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-173a. Registration of retail raw milk producers and retail raw milk cheese manufacturers. Denial, suspension and revocation of permits. Cheese manufacturing. Regulations. (a) No person, firm or corporation shall engage in the production of retail raw milk or the manufacture of retail raw milk cheese, which milk or retail raw milk cheese or the products thereof are to be used or disposed of elsewhere than on the premises where such milk or retail raw milk cheese is produced, without first registering with the Commissioner of Agriculture in a manner prescribed and on forms furnished by the commissioner for such registration. Such registration may be renewed annually not later than the thirtieth day of June. The commissioner shall establish fees for such registration pursuant to section 22-128a.

      (b) Registrations required pursuant to subsection (a) of this section shall be designated "Retail Raw Milk Producer Permit" or "Raw Milk Cheese Manufacturer Permit" and may be denied, suspended or revoked by the commissioner for cause.

      (c) Retail raw milk shall only be offered for sale in its unprocessed state, with no ingredients added or removed.

      (d) The manufacturing of cheese from unpasteurized milk shall be conducted only on premises and by firms or individuals authorized by the commissioner to produce retail raw milk.

      (e) The Milk Regulation Board shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing standards for sanitation, production, sale, labeling, handling and storage of retail raw milk and the manufacture of raw milk cheeses.

      (P.A. 05-175, S. 9.)

      Sec. 22-174. Out-of-state cream source permits. Inspection of cream source. Section 22-174 is repealed, effective July 1, 2001.

      (1957, P.A. 313, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 637, S. 2; 1961, P.A. 67; 1971, P.A. 872, S. 446, 448; P.A. 86-4, S. 1, 2; P.A. 01-138, S. 7, 8.)

      Secs. 22-175 to 22-180. Inspection of dairy farms and milk plants. Milk shortage; temporary permits. Investigation of potential sources of supply. Approval of additional sources of supply; temporary permits to relieve hardship. Standards for approval of additional dairy farms. Discontinuance and resumption of shipments from approved farm or plant. Sections 22-175 to 22-180, inclusive, are repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3217-3222; 1949, S. 1760d; 1957, P.A. 316; 1961, P.A. 223; 225; 1963, P.A. 269; 270; 295; P.A. 78-52; P.A. 83-155, S. 1; P.A. 90-66, S. 2; P.A. 99-110, S. 3; P.A. 01-138, S. 5, 8; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-181. Application for permit by new producer. Any new producer shall make application to the commissioner for a permit at least seven working days prior to the time he desires to ship milk to a Connecticut dealer.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3223; P.A. 83-155, S. 2; P.A. 91-312, S. 25.)

      History: P.A. 83-155 deleted reference to producers who have lost approved status for conformity with changes enacted in Sec. 22-180; P.A. 91-312 replaced "three days" with "seven working days".

      Sec. 22-182. When approval or inspection of additional farms not required. Section 22-182 is repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3224; 1963, P.A. 292; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-182a. Duties of commissioner if Federal Milk Order suspended or terminated. Wherever in sections 22-176, 22-177 and 22-182 reference is made to the Federal Milk Order applicable to Connecticut, if such order is suspended or terminated, the Commissioner of Agriculture shall substitute a computation based on reports to him of the receipts and uses of milk by all dealers with plants approved for the sale of milk in Connecticut.

      (1967, P.A. 418, S. 1; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(e); P.A. 04-189, S. 1.)

      History: June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 replaced Commissioner of Agriculture with Commissioner of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004.

      Sec. 22-183. Farms and plants once approved to retain status and right to inspection; exceptions. Whenever approval to ship milk to Connecticut markets has been given to a dairy farm or milk plant, the commissioner shall not thereafter refuse to inspect nor shall the commissioner revoke or suspend such approved status except for failure to produce and deliver milk, under the conditions specified in this chapter, which will meet the quality standards and other requirements set forth in this chapter.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3225; P.A. 83-155, S. 3; P.A. 05-175, S. 10.)

      History: P.A. 83-155 prohibited the revocation of a license for discontinuance of milk shipments to Connecticut for conformity with amendments to Sec. 22-180; P.A. 05-175 deleted provision re farm or plant located within or without the state of Connecticut and made a technical change.

      Sec. 22-184. Permits required for out-of-state plants and producing farms. Exemption. Section 22-184 is repealed, effective October 1, 2005.

      (1949 Rev., S. 3226; P.A. 90-66, S. 3; P.A. 91-312, S. 26; P.A. 05-175, S. 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 97.)

      Sec. 22-184a. Permits for out-of-state plants which do not ship milk to this state. Section 22-184a is repealed, effective October 1, 1997.

      (P.A. 86-168, S. 1, 6; P.A. 91-3