CHAPTER 10*
CODES OF ETHICS

PART I*
CODE OF ETHICS FOR PUBLIC OFFICIALS

      Sec. 1-79. Definitions. The following terms, when used in this part, shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:

      (a) "Blind trust" means a trust established by a public official or state employee or member of his immediate family for the purpose of divestiture of all control and knowledge of assets.

      (b) "Business with which he is associated" means any sole proprietorship, partnership, firm, corporation, trust or other entity through which business for profit or not for profit is conducted in which the public official or state employee or member of his immediate family is a director, officer, owner, limited or general partner, beneficiary of a trust or holder of stock constituting five per cent or more of the total outstanding stock of any class, provided, a public official or state employee, or member of his immediate family, shall not be deemed to be associated with a not for profit entity solely by virtue of the fact that the public official or state employee or member of his immediate family is an unpaid director or officer of the not for profit entity. "Officer" refers only to the president, executive or senior vice president or treasurer of such business.

      (c) "Candidate for public office" means any individual who has filed a declaration of candidacy or a petition to appear on the ballot for election as a public official, or who has raised or expended money in furtherance of such candidacy, or who has been nominated for appointment to serve as a public official, but shall not include a candidate for the office of senator or representative in Congress.

      (d) "Board" means the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board established in section 1-80.

      (e) "Gift" means anything of value, which is directly and personally received, unless consideration of equal or greater value is given in return. "Gift" shall not include:

      (1) A political contribution otherwise reported as required by law or a donation or payment as described in subdivision (9) or (10) of subsection (b) of section 9-601a;

      (2) Services provided by persons volunteering their time, if provided to aid or promote the success or defeat of any political party, any candidate or candidates for public office or the position of convention delegate or town committee member or any referendum question;

      (3) A commercially reasonable loan made on terms not more favorable than loans made in the ordinary course of business;

      (4) A gift received from (A) an individual's spouse, fiance or fiancee, (B) the parent, brother or sister of such spouse or such individual, or (C) the child of such individual or the spouse of such child;

      (5) Goods or services (A) which are provided to the state (i) for use on state property, or (ii) to support an event or the participation by a public official or state employee at an event, and (B) which facilitate state action or functions. As used in this subdivision, "state property" means (i) property owned by the state, or (ii) property leased to an agency in the Executive or Judicial Department of the state;

      (6) A certificate, plaque or other ceremonial award costing less than one hundred dollars;

      (7) A rebate, discount or promotional item available to the general public;

      (8) Printed or recorded informational material germane to state action or functions;

      (9) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars in the aggregate per recipient in a calendar year, and consumed on an occasion or occasions at which the person paying, directly or indirectly, for the food or beverage, or his representative, is in attendance;

      (10) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed legislative reception to which all members of the General Assembly are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (A) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which he owns or is employed by, and (B) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception;

      (11) Food or beverage or both, costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed at a publicly noticed reception to which all members of the General Assembly from a region of the state are invited and which is hosted not more than once in any calendar year by a lobbyist or business organization. For the purposes of such limit, (A) a reception hosted by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been hosted by the business organization which he owns or is employed by, and (B) a reception hosted by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been hosted by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists. In making the calculation for the purposes of such fifty-dollar limit, the donor shall divide the amount spent on food and beverage by the number of persons whom the donor reasonably expects to attend the reception. As used in this subdivision, "region of the state" means the established geographic service area of the organization hosting the reception;

      (12) A gift, including but not limited to, food or beverage or both, provided by an individual for the celebration of a major life event;

      (13) Gifts costing less than one hundred dollars in the aggregate or food or beverage provided at a hospitality suite at a meeting or conference of an interstate legislative association, by a person who is not a registrant or is not doing business with the state of Connecticut;

      (14) Admission to a charitable or civic event, including food and beverage provided at such event, but excluding lodging or travel expenses, at which a public official or state employee participates in his official capacity, provided such admission is provided by the primary sponsoring entity;

      (15) Anything of value provided by an employer of (A) a public official, (B) a state employee, or (C) a spouse of a public official or state employee, to such official, employee or spouse, provided such benefits are customarily and ordinarily provided to others in similar circumstances; or

      (16) Anything having a value of not more than ten dollars, provided the aggregate value of all things provided by a donor to a recipient under this subdivision in any calendar year shall not exceed fifty dollars.

      (f) "Immediate family" means any spouse, children or dependent relatives who reside in the individual's household.

      (g) "Individual" means a natural person.

      (h) "Member of an advisory board" means any individual (1) appointed by a public official as an advisor or consultant or member of a committee, commission or council established to advise, recommend or consult with a public official or branch of government or committee thereof, (2) who receives no public funds other than per diem payments or reimbursement for his actual and necessary expenses incurred in the performance of his official duties, and (3) who has no authority to expend any public funds or to exercise the power of the state.

      (i) "Person" means an individual, sole proprietorship, trust, corporation, limited liability company, union, association, firm, partnership, committee, club or other organization or group of persons.

      (j) "Political contribution" has the same meaning as in section 9-601a except that for purposes of this part, the provisions of subsection (b) of that section shall not apply.

      (k) "Public official" means any state-wide elected officer, any member or member-elect of the General Assembly, any person appointed to any office of the legislative, judicial or executive branch of state government by the Governor or an appointee of the Governor, with or without the advice and consent of the General Assembly, any public member or representative of the teachers' unions or state employees' unions appointed to the Investment Advisory Council pursuant to subsection (a) of section 3-13b, any person appointed or elected by the General Assembly or by any member of either house thereof, and any member or director of a quasi-public agency, but shall not include a member of an advisory board, a judge of any court either elected or appointed or a senator or representative in Congress.

      (l) "Quasi-public agency" means the Connecticut Development Authority, Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated, Connecticut Health and Education Facilities Authority, Connecticut Higher Education Supplemental Loan Authority, Connecticut Housing Finance Authority, Connecticut Housing Authority, Connecticut Resources Recovery Authority, Lower Fairfield County Convention Center Authority, Capital City Economic Development Authority and Connecticut Lottery Corporation.

      (m) "State employee" means any employee in the executive, legislative or judicial branch of state government, whether in the classified or unclassified service and whether full or part-time, and any employee of a quasi-public agency, but shall not include a judge of any court, either elected or appointed.

      (n) "Trust" means a trust in which any public official or state employee or member of his immediate family has a present or future interest which exceeds ten per cent of the value of the trust or exceeds fifty thousand dollars, whichever is less, but shall not include blind trusts.

      (o) "Business organization" means a sole proprietorship, corporation, limited liability company, association, firm or partnership, other than a client lobbyist, which is owned by, or employs, one or more individual lobbyists.

      (p) "Client lobbyist" means a person on behalf of whom lobbying takes place and who makes expenditures for lobbying and in furtherance of lobbying.

      (q) "Necessary expenses" means a public official's or state employee's expenses for an article, appearance or speech or for participation at an event, in his official capacity, which shall be limited to necessary travel expenses, lodging for the nights before, of and after the appearance, speech or event, meals and any related conference or seminar registration fees.

      (r) "Lobbyist" and "registrant" shall be construed as defined in section 1-91.

      (s) "Legal defense fund" means a fund established for the payment of legal expenses of a public official or state employee incurred as a result of defending himself or herself in an administrative, civil, criminal or constitutional proceeding concerning matters related to the official's or employee's service or employment with the state or a quasi-public agency.

      (P.A. 77-600, S. 1, 15; 77-605, S. 14, 21; P.A. 79-493, S. 1, 9; P.A. 81-395, S. 6, 9; P.A. 82-423, S. 1, 8; P.A. 83-249, S. 1, 14; P.A. 84-335, S. 1, 4; P.A. 86-99, S. 29, 34; P.A. 88-139, S. 1; 88-225, S. 1, 14; P.A. 89-245, S. 1; 89-360, S. 8, 45; 89-369, S. 1; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-8, S. 54, 63; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 1, 20, 22; P.A. 92-149, S. 7, 12; P.A. 93-413, S. 13, 16; P.A. 95-79, S. 3, 4, 189; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-5, S. 17, 19; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6, S. 1, 14; P.A. 98-179, S. 13, 30; P.A. 99-56; P.A. 00-43, S. 16, 19; 00-99, S. 13, 154; P.A. 01-143, S. 4, 8; P.A. 04-143, S. 23; 04-198, S. 2, 6; P.A. 05-183, S. 1; 05-287, S. 38; P.A. 06-76, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 77-605 redefined "political contribution"; P.A. 79-493 redefined "candidate for public office", "gift", "immediate family", "member of an advisory board" and "public official" and included treasurers as officers of businesses in Subdiv. (a); P.A. 81-395 substituted reference to Sec. 9-335(18) for reference to Sec. 9-348q(a) in Subdiv. (i); P.A. 82-423 amended Subdiv. (d) to change food and beverage exception from under twenty-five dollars to under fifty dollars; P.A. 83-249 amended Subdiv. (i) to broaden the definition of "political contribution"; P.A. 84-335 amended Subdiv. (j) to include sheriffs and deputy sheriffs in definition of "public official"; P.A. 86-99 amended definition of "political contribution" to reflect technical changes made in chapter 150; P.A. 88-139 added definitions of "blind trust" and "trust", redefined "business with which he is associated" to include references to sole proprietorships, firms, corporations, trusts and other profit or nonprofit entities, and redefined "person" to include sole proprietorships and trusts, relettering Subdivs. as necessary; P.A. 88-225 included "any member or director of a quasi-public agency" in definition of "public official", included "any employee of a quasi-public agency" in definition of "state employee" and inserted new Subdiv. defining "quasi-public agency", relettering former Subdivs. as necessary; P.A. 89-245 amended the definition of "quasi-public agency" in Subdiv. (l) to rename Connecticut Product Development Corporation as Connecticut Innovations, Incorporated; P.A. 89-360 redefined "quasi-public agency" to include the New Haven Family Alliance; P.A. 89-369 limited exception in definition of "gift" for food or beverage costing less than fifty dollars per person and consumed on a single occasion to an occasion "at which the person paying, directly or indirectly, for the food or beverage, or his representative, is in attendance"; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-8 deleted reference to New Haven Family Alliance in definition of "quasi-public agency"; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 added exception to definition of "business with which he is associated" in Subdiv. (b), substantially amended definition of "gift" and exceptions to "gift" in Subdiv. (e), redefined "quasi-public agency" in Subdiv. (l) by adding Lower Fairfield County Convention Center Authority and Connecticut Convention Center Authority, and added Subdivs. (o) to (r), inclusive, defining "business organization", "client lobbyist", "necessary expenses" and "lobbyist" and "registrant"; P.A. 92-149 redefined "client lobbyist"; P.A. 93-413 included Connecticut Coastline Port Authority in definition of "quasi-public agency" in Subdiv. (l), effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-79 redefined "person" and "business organization" to include a limited liability company, effective May 31, 1995; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-5 amended Subsec. (e)(1) by changing Sec. 9-333b(b) Subdiv. reference from (11) to (10), effective July 1, 1997, and applicable to elections and primaries held on or after January 1, 1998; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6 amended Subsec. (e) by expanding Subdiv. (5), by changing limit to fifty dollars in Subdiv. (9), inserting new Subdiv. (11) re food or beverage consumed at a publicly noticed reception, adding new Subdiv. (14) re admission to charitable or civic event, adding new Subdiv. (15) re anything of value provided by employer and adding new Subdiv. (16) re anything of value of not more than ten dollars, effective January 1, 1998 (Revisor's note: In Subdiv. (11) of Subsec. (e) a hyphen between "publicly" and "noticed" was deleted editorially by the Revisors for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 98-179 amended Subsec. (l), defining "quasi-public agency", by deleting the Connecticut Convention Center Authority and adding the Capital City Economic Development Authority, effective June 1, 1998; P.A. 99-56 amended Subsec. (k) by adding an appointee of the Governor to the definition of "public official"; P.A. 00-43 amended Subsec. (k) to include members of the Investment Advisory Council as "public officials", effective May 3, 2000; P.A. 00-99 deleted reference to sheriff and deputy sheriff in Subsec. (k), effective December 1, 2000; P.A. 01-143 amended Subsec. (l) by changing Connecticut Coastline Port Authority to Connecticut Port Authority, effective July 6, 2001; P.A. 04-143 redefined "quasi-public agency" in Subsec. (l) to eliminate Connecticut Port Authority from definition, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-198 applied provisions to Sec. 1-86d, made technical changes in Subsecs. (e)(10) and (h) and defined "legal defense fund" in Subsec. (s), effective June 3, 2004, and redefined "quasi-public agency" in Subsec. (l) to include Connecticut Lottery Corporation; P.A. 05-183 replaced definition of "commission" with definition of "board", effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 05-287 amended Subsec. (e)(2) to provide that excepted services are those services provided to aid or promote the success or defeat of any political party, any candidate or the position of convention delegate or town committee member or any referendum question, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-76 amended Subsec. (l) to delete reference to Connecticut Hazardous Waste Management Service.

      See Sec. 1-79a re calculation of dollar limit on gifts.

      Sec. 1-79a. Calculation of dollar limit on gifts. For purposes of calculating the dollar limits under the exceptions to the term "gift" under sections 1-79 and 1-91 any expenditure provided by a lobbyist who is an individual shall be deemed to have also been provided by the business organization which he owns or by which he is employed, and any expenditure provided by a business organization shall be deemed to have also been provided by all owners and employees of the business organization who are lobbyists.

      (P.A. 92-149, S. 6, 12; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6, S. 9, 14.)

      History: June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6 deleted provision that, for purposes of calculating dollar limit, gifts costing less than ten dollars per occasion or transaction are not considered and added provision that, for purposes of calculating dollar limit, expenditures provided by a lobbyist shall be considered to be provided by the business organization by which he is employed and vice versa, effective January 1, 1998.

      Sec. 1-80. Office of State Ethics. Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board. Members; appointment; qualifications; vacancies; compensation; restrictions. Hearings. (a) There shall be an Office of State Ethics that shall be an independent state agency and shall constitute a successor agency to the State Ethics Commission, in accordance with the provisions of sections 4-38d and 4-39. Said office shall consist of an executive director, general counsel, ethics enforcement officer and such other staff as hired by the executive director. Within the Office of State Ethics, there shall be the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board that shall consist of nine members, appointed as follows: One member shall be appointed by the speaker of the House of Representatives, one member by the president pro tempore of the Senate, one member by the majority leader of the Senate, one member by the minority leader of the Senate, one member by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, one member by the minority leader of the House of Representatives, and three members by the Governor. Members of the board shall serve for four-year terms which shall commence on October 1, 2005, except that members first appointed shall have the following terms: The Governor shall appoint two members for a term of three years and one member for a term of four years; the majority leader of the House of Representatives, minority leader of the House of Representatives and the speaker of the House of Representatives shall each appoint one member for a term of two years; the president pro tempore of the Senate, the majority leader of the Senate and the minority leader of the Senate shall each appoint one member for a term of four years. No individual shall be appointed to more than one four-year term as a member of the board, provided, members may not continue in office once their term has expired and members first appointed may not be reappointed. No more than five members shall be members of the same political party. The members appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and the majority leader of the House of Representatives shall be selected from a list of nominees proposed by a citizen group having an interest in ethical government. The majority leader of the Senate and the majority leader of the House of Representatives shall each determine the citizen group from which each will accept such nominations. One member appointed by the Governor shall be selected from a list of nominees proposed by a citizen group having an interest in ethical government. The Governor shall determine the citizen group from which the Governor will accept such nominations.

      (b) All members shall be electors of the state. No member shall be a state employee. No member or employee of such board shall (1) hold or campaign for any public office; (2) have held public office or have been a candidate for public office for a three-year period prior to appointment; (3) hold office in any political party or political committee or be a member of any organization or association organized primarily for the purpose of influencing legislation or decisions of public agencies; or (4) be an individual who is a registrant as defined in subsection (q) of section 1-91.

      (c) Any vacancy on the board shall be filled by the appointing authority having the power to make the original appointment. An individual selected by the appointing authority to fill a vacancy shall be eligible for appointment to one full four-year term thereafter. Any vacancy occurring on the board shall be filled within thirty days.

      (d) The board shall elect a chairperson who shall, except as provided in subsection (b) of section 1-82 and subsection (b) of section 1-93, preside at meetings of the board and a vice-chairperson to preside in the absence of the chairperson. Six members of the board shall constitute a quorum. Except as provided in subdivision (3) of subsection (a) of section 1-81, subsections (a) and (b) of section 1-82, subsection (b) of section 1-88, subdivision (5) of section 1-92, subsections (a) and (b) of section 1-93 and subsection (b) of section 1-99, a majority vote of the members shall be required for action of the board. The chairperson or any three members may call a meeting.

      (e) Any matter before the board, except hearings held pursuant to the provisions of subsection (b) of section 1-82 or subsection (b) of section 1-93, may be assigned by the board to two of its members to conduct an investigation or hearing, as the case may be, to ascertain the facts and report thereon to the board with a recommendation for action.

      (f) Members of the board shall be compensated at the rate of two hundred dollars per day for each day they attend a meeting or hearing and shall receive reimbursement for their necessary expenses incurred in the discharge of their official duties.

      (g) The board shall not be construed to be a board or commission within the meaning of section 4-9a.

      (h) The members and employees of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board and the Office of State Ethics shall adhere to the following code of ethics under which the members and employees shall: (1) Observe high standards of conduct so that the integrity and independence of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board and the Office of State Ethics may be preserved; (2) respect and comply with the law and conduct themselves at all times in a manner which promotes public confidence in the integrity and impartiality of the board and the Office of State Ethics; (3) be faithful to the law and maintain professional competence in the law; (4) be unswayed by partisan interests, public clamor or fear of criticism; (5) maintain order and decorum in proceedings of the board and Office of State Ethics; (6) be patient, dignified and courteous to all persons who appear in board or Office of State Ethics proceedings and with other persons with whom the members and employees deal in their official capacities; (7) refrain from making any statement outside of a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding, which would have a likelihood of prejudicing a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding; (8) refrain from making any statement outside of a board or Office of State Ethics proceeding that a reasonable person would expect to be disseminated by means of public communication if the member or employee should know that such statement would have a likelihood of materially prejudicing or embarrassing a complainant or a respondent; (9) preserve confidences of complainants and respondents; (10) exercise independent professional judgment on behalf of the board and Office of State Ethics; and (11) represent the board and Office of State Ethics competently.

      (i) No member or employee of the board or Office of State Ethics may make a contribution, as defined in section 9-601a, to any person subject to the provisions of this part.

      (j) Members of the board shall recuse themselves from participating in any proceeding or matter undertaken pursuant to this chapter that involves the person who appointed such member to the board.

      (k) No member of the board may represent any business or person, other than himself or herself, before the board for a period of one year following the end of such member's service on the board. No business or person that appears before the board shall employ or otherwise engage the services of a former member of the board for a period of one year following the end of such former member's service on the board.

      (l) No member of the board may hold any other position in state employment for a period of one year following the end of such member's service on the board, including, but not limited to, service as a member on a state board or commission, service as a judge of the Superior Court or service as a state agency commissioner.

      (m) Upon request of any aggrieved party, the board shall delay the effect of any decision rendered by the board for a period not to exceed more than seven days following the rendering of such decision.

      (P.A. 77-600, S. 2, 15; 77-605, S. 2, 21; P.A. 79-493, S. 2, 9; P.A. 83-249, S. 2, 3, 14; 83-586, S. 1, 14; P.A. 84-52, S. 5; 84-334, S. 1, 3; P.A. 86-390, S. 3, 4; 86-403, S. 93, 132; P.A. 88-139, S. 4; P.A. 92-149, S. 9, 12; P.A. 03-19, S. 1; P.A. 04-204, S. 1, 2; P.A. 05-183, S. 2; P.A. 06-187, S. 68; 06-196, S. 1-3.)

      History: P.A. 77-605 changed method for making initial appointments and qualifications for members and placed commission in the office of secretary of the state for administrative purposes only; P.A. 79-493 changed provisions concerning quorum, introduced provisions for fact-finding investigations and hearings and excluded commission from Sec. 4-9a; P.A. 83-249 amended Subsec. (a) to clarify that terms commence on October first and that members may continue in office until successors are appointed and qualify and made technical changes in Subsec. (d); P.A. 83-586 added Subsec. (h) allowing appointment of executive director and general counsel upon concurring vote of five members and dismissal upon concurring vote of four members; P.A. 84-52 made technical changes in Subsecs. (d) and (e) to reflect relettering of subsections in sections 1-82 and 1-93; P.A. 84-334 increased members' compensation from twenty-five to fifty dollars per day; P.A. 86-390 deleted provision in Subsec. (a) placing commission within the office of the secretary of the state for administrative purposes only; P.A. 86-403 made technical change in Subsec. (d); P.A. 88-139, S. 4 which was codified as Subsec. (i) established a code of ethics for members and employees of the ethics commission; P.A. 92-149 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical corrections, deleted Subsec. (h) re appointment of executive director and general counsel, but see Sec. 1-81(b), and relettered remaining Subsec. accordingly; P.A. 03-19 made a technical change in Subsec. (d), effective May 12, 2003; P.A. 04-204 amended Subsec. (a) to increase members from seven to nine, one appointed each by majority leaders of House and Senate, specify terms of initial appointees, add method of selection for such additional members, add method of selection for one member appointed by Governor on and after October 1, 2004, and increase limit on members from same political party from four to five, and amended Subsec. (d) to increase quorum from five to six members and number of members necessary to call a meeting from four to five, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 05-183 amended Subsec. (a) to replace State Ethics Commission with Office of State Ethics and Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board, amended Subsec. (b) to prohibit any member from being a state employee, made technical changes in Subsec. (c), amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, authorize a majority vote of members, rather than quorum, to conduct business and enable any three members, rather than any five members, to call a meeting, amended Subsecs. (e) to (h) to make technical changes, added Subsec. (i) re prohibited contributions by members of the board or employees of the Office of State Ethics, added Subsec. (j) re recusal in certain matters by members of the board, added Subsec. (k) re representation before the board by any member of the board within one year of the end of such member's service on the board, added Subsec. (l) re member prohibition on holding any other position in state employment for a period of one year from the end of such member's service on the board and added Subsec. (m) re request for delay of the effect of any decision rendered by the board, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-187 amended Subsec. (f) to change rate of compensation for board members from fifty to two hundred dollars per day for attending a meeting or hearing, effective May 26, 2006; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a), (k) and (m), effective June 7, 2006.

      Sec. 1-80a. Statements filed with commission. Restrictions on use. Section 1-80a is repealed, effective October 1, 2002.

      (P.A. 78-169, S. 1, 2; S.A. 02-12, S. 1.)

      Sec. 1-80b. State Ethics Commission member serving as Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board member. Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board member appointment by Governor. (a) Any person who is a member of the State Ethics Commission on June 30, 2005, may serve as a member of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board, created pursuant to subsection (a) of section 1-80, from July 1, 2005, until September 30, 2005. Any such member who serves from July 1, 2005, until September 30, 2005, shall be considered to be filling a vacancy as provided in subsection (c) of section 1-80 and shall be eligible for appointment to one full four-year term thereafter. In the event that a vacancy occurs on the board during the period commencing July 1, 2005, until September 30, 2005, such position on the board shall remain vacant until October 1, 2005, unless an appointment is made pursuant to subsection (b) of this section.

      (b) From July 1, 2005, until September 30, 2005, in the event the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board does not have enough members to constitute a quorum, the Governor may appoint members to serve until and including September 30, 2005, provided the president pro tempore of the Senate and the speaker of the House of Representatives approve such appointments. Any such member who serves from July 1, 2005, until September 30, 2005, shall be considered to be filling a vacancy as provided in subsection (c) of section 1-80 and shall be eligible for appointment to one full four-year term thereafter.

      (June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 105.)

      History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 effective June 30, 2005.

      Sec. 1-80c. Appointment of interim executive director. There shall be an interim executive director of the Office of State Ethics appointed jointly by the Governor, the speaker of the House of Representatives and the president pro tempore of the Senate. Such interim executive director shall be responsible for overseeing the transfer of the responsibilities and duties of the State Ethics Commission to the Office of State Ethics and shall have those duties and powers described in section 1-81. Such interim executive director shall serve until the executive director of the Office of State Ethics is appointed by the members of the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board.

      (P.A. 05-183, S. 35.)

      History: P.A. 05-183 effective June 20, 2005.

      Sec. 1-80d. Transfer of State Ethics Commission staff. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 4-38d, not later than July 1, 2005, the Commissioner of Administrative Services shall transfer all staff members of the State Ethics Commission in their current position, with existing funds allocated for such positions, to other agencies of the state. The commissioner shall not require the Office of State Ethics, as established in section 1-80, to employ any former employee of the State Ethics Commission. In transferring each such staff member, the commissioner shall: (1) Transfer each staff member to a position located not further than twenty miles from Hartford, and (2) retain such staff member's title, grade, benefits and union membership, as such staff member had while employed with the State Ethics Commission. No other state employee shall be laid off as a result of such transfers.

      (P.A. 05-183, S. 36; P.A. 06-196, S. 4.)

      History: P.A. 05-183 effective June 20, 2005; P.A. 06-196 made a technical change, effective June 7, 2006.

      Sec. 1-80e. Designation of judge trial referees. The Chief Court Administrator shall designate ten judge trial referees who shall be available to the Office of State Ethics to: (1) Preside over and rule at any hearing of the Office of State Ethics; and (2) make findings as to probable cause following any investigation conducted by the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics.

      (P.A. 05-183, S. 34.)

      History: P.A. 05-183 effective July 1, 2005.

      Sec. 1-81. Duties of the board, Office of State Ethics. Employment of executive director, general counsel, ethics enforcement officer. Legal and enforcement divisions of the Office of State Ethics. Regulations. State personnel training in ethics. (a) The board and general counsel and staff of the Office of State Ethics shall:

      (1) Compile and maintain an index of all reports, advisory opinions, informal staff letters, memoranda issued in accordance with subsection (b) of section 1-82 and statements filed by and with the Office of State Ethics to facilitate public access to such reports and advisory opinions, informal staff letters, memoranda statements as provided by this part;

      (2) Preserve advisory opinions and informal staff letters, permanently; preserve memoranda issued in accordance with subsection (b) of section 1-82 and statements and reports filed by and with the board for a period of five years from the date of receipt;

      (3) Upon the concurring vote of a majority of the board present and voting, issue advisory opinions with regard to the requirements of this part, upon the request of any person subject to the provisions of this part, and publish such advisory opinions in the Connecticut Law Journal. Advisory opinions rendered by the board, until amended or revoked, shall be binding on the board and shall be deemed to be final decisions of the board for purposes of appeal to the superior court, in accordance with the provisions of section 4-175 or 4-183. Any advisory opinion concerning the person who requested the opinion and who acted in reliance thereon, in good faith, shall be binding upon the board, and it shall be an absolute defense in any criminal action brought under the provisions of this part, that the accused acted in reliance upon such advisory opinion;

      (4) Respond to inquiries and provide advice regarding the code of ethics either verbally or through informal letters;

      (5) Provide yearly training to all state employees regarding the code of ethics;

      (6) Make legislative recommendations to the General Assembly and report annually, prior to April fifteenth, to the Governor summarizing the activities of the commission;

      (7) Meet not less than once per month with the office's executive director and ethics enforcement officer; and

      (8) The commission may enter into such contractual agreements as may be necessary for the discharge of its duties, within the limits of its appropriated funds and in accordance with established procedures.

      (b) The Office of State Ethics shall employ an executive director, general counsel and ethics enforcement officer, each of whom shall be exempt from classified state service. The salary for the executive director, general counsel and the ethics enforcement officer shall be determined by the Commissioner of Administrative Services in accordance with accepted personnel practices. No one person may serve in more than one of the positions described in this subsection. The Office of State Ethics may employ necessary staff within available appropriations. Such necessary staff of the Office of State Ethics shall be in classified state service.

      (c) The executive director, described in subsection (b) of this section, shall be appointed by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board for an open-ended term. Such appointment shall not be made until all the initial board members appointed to terms commencing on October 1, 2005, are appointed by their respective appointing authorities, pursuant to subsection (a) of section 1-80. The board shall annually evaluate the performance of the executive director, in writing, and may remove the executive director, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 67.

      (d) The general counsel and ethics enforcement officer described in subsection (b) of this section, and other staff of the Office of State Ethics shall be appointed by the executive director of the Office of State Ethics. The executive director shall annually evaluate the performance of the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer and such other staff, in writing, and may remove the general counsel or ethics enforcement officer, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 67, or such other staff, in accordance with any applicable collective bargaining agreement.

      (e) There shall be a legal division within the Office of State Ethics. The legal division shall provide the board with legal advice on matters before said board and shall represent the board in all matters in which the board is a party, without the assistance of the Attorney General unless the board requests such assistance. The legal division shall, under the direction of the general counsel, provide information and written and verbal opinions to persons subject to the code and to the general public. The general counsel, described in subsection (b) of this section, shall supervise such division. The investigation or instigation of a complaint may not occur solely because of information received by the legal division.

      (f) There shall be an enforcement division within the Office of State Ethics. The enforcement division shall be responsible for investigating complaints brought to or by the board. The ethics enforcement officer, described in subsection (b) of this section, shall supervise the enforcement division. The enforcement division shall employ such attorneys and investigators, as necessary, within available appropriations, and may refer matters to the office of the Chief State's Attorney, as appropriate.

      (g) The Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board shall adopt regulations in accordance with chapter 54 to carry out the purposes of this part. Such regulations shall not be deemed to govern the conduct of any judge trial referee in the performance of such judge trial referee's duties pursuant to this chapter.

      (h) In consultation with the executive director of the Office of State Ethics, the general counsel shall oversee yearly training of all state personnel in the code of ethics, provide training on the code of ethics to other individuals or entities subject to the code and shall make recommendations as to public education regarding ethics.

      (P.A. 77-600, S. 3, 15; 77-605, S. 15, 21; P.A. 79-493, S. 3, 9; P.A. 83-249, S. 4, 14; 83-493, S. 1, 5; P.A. 84-52, S. 6; P.A. 86-403, S. 94, 132; P.A. 89-97, S. 1, 7; 89-369, S. 2; P.A. 92-149, S. 10, 12; P.A. 94-172; P.A. 95-291; P.A. 99-55; P.A. 02-89, S. 2; P.A. 04-204, S. 3; P.A. 05-183, S. 3; 05-287, S. 31; 05-288, S. 211; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 106, 108; P.A. 06-196, S. 5, 6.)

      History: P.A. 77-605 specifically provided that advisory opinions be published in the Connecticut Law Journal; P.A. 79-493 limited the issuance of advisory opinions to those in which at least four members concur; P.A. 83-249 deleted the words "subject to the provisions of this part" modifying "public official or state employee" in Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (a); P.A. 83-493 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that advisory opinions shall be deemed to be final decisions of the commission for purposes of Sec. 1-87; P.A. 84-52 made technical changes to reflect relettering of subsections in Sec. 1-82; P.A. 86-403 made technical changes in Subsec. (a); P.A. 89-97 added Subdiv. (5) requiring commission to adopt regulations; P.A. 89-369 amended Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (a) to authorize any "person subject to the provisions of this part", instead of any "public official or state employee", to request an advisory opinion; P.A. 92-149 amended Subsec. (b) to authorize employment of an executive director and general counsel; P.A. 94-172 inserted new Subdivs. (5) and (6) re model codes of ethics and renumbered former Subdiv. (5) as (7); P.A. 95-291 amended Subdivs. (5) and (6) of Subsec. (a) by repealing requirement that the commission enforce model codes for municipalities and districts (Revisor's note: In Subdiv. (6) the word "and" was added editorially by the Revisors before "provide" to correspond with technical change enacted in Subdiv. (5)); P.A. 99-55 amended Subsec. (a)(4) by changing reporting date from February to April; P.A. 02-89 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting as obsolete former Subdivs. (5) and (6) re development by July 1, 1995, of a model code of ethics for officials and officers of municipalities and for officers of districts, respectively, and redesignating existing Subdiv. (7) as Subdiv. (5); P.A. 04-204 amended Subsec. (a)(3) to increase vote required to issue advisory opinions from four to five members, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 05-183 amended Subsec. (a) to change references from the commission to the board and Office of State Ethics, include the duty to maintain informal staff letters, require a majority of board members present and voting for the issuance of advisory opinions, rather than a concurring vote of five members, and add Subdiv. (5) re yearly training of state employees re the code of ethics, Subdiv. (6) re the making of legislative recommendations and Subdiv. (7) re monthly meetings with the office's executive director and ethics enforcement officer, amended Subsec. (b) to provide for the employment of a separate general counsel and ethics enforcement officer, and added Subsec. (c) re appointment and yearly evaluation of the executive director, Subsec. (d) re appointment of the general counsel and ethics enforcement officer, Subsec. (e) re the legal division of the Office of State Ethics, Subsec. (f) re the enforcement division of the Office of State Ethics, Subsec. (g) re authority of the board to adopt regulations and Subsec. (h) re yearly training of state personnel in the code of ethics, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 05-287 amended Subsec. (a) to add Subdiv. (6) re the commission's authority to enter into contractual agreements necessary for the discharge of its duties and deleted Subsec. (b) re authority to employ an executive director, general counsel and staff, effective July 13, 2005; P.A. 05-288 amended Subsec. (a)(1) and (2) by replacing provision re memoranda filed under Sec. 1-82a(f) with provision re memoranda issued in accordance with Sec. 1-82(b), effective July 13, 2005; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 amended Subsec. (c) to require that appointment of executive director not be made until all the initial board members appointed to terms commencing on October 1, 2005, are appointed by their respective authorities and amended Subsec. (g) to provide that regulations shall not be deemed to govern the conduct of any judge trial referee, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsecs. (c) and (f), effective June 7, 2006.

      See Sec. 1-92 re commission's duties with regard to lobbyists.

      Sec. 1-81a. Recommended appropriations. Allotments. (a) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the appropriations recommended for the Office of State Ethics, as established in section 1-80, shall be the estimates of expenditure requirements transmitted to the Secretary of the Office of Policy and Management by the executive director of the Office of State Ethics and the recommended adjustments and revisions of such estimates shall be the recommended adjustments and revisions, if any, transmitted by said executive director to the Office of Policy and Management.

      (b) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, the Governor shall not reduce allotment requisitions or allotments in force concerning the Office of State Ethics.

      (P.A. 04-204, S. 9; P.A. 05-183, S. 4.)

      History: P.A. 04-204 effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 05-183 changed references from the State Ethics Commission to the Office of State Ethics, effective July 1, 2005.

      Sec. 1-81b. Summary of ethics laws re bidders, proposers and state contractors. The Office of State Ethics shall develop a plain language summary of state ethics laws concerning (1) persons, firms and corporations submitting bids or proposals for state contracts, and (2) state contractors. The Office of State Ethics shall publish said summary on the Office of State Ethics' web site.

      (P.A. 04-245, S. 7; P.A. 05-183, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 04-245 effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-183 changed references from the State Ethics Commission to the Office of State Ethics, effective July 1, 2005.

      Sec. 1-82. Complaints. Procedure. Time limits. Investigation; notice; hearings. Attorneys' fees. Damages for complaints without foundation. (a)(1) Upon the complaint of any person on a form prescribed by the board, signed under penalty of false statement, or upon its own complaint, the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics shall investigate any alleged violation of this part or section 1-101nn. Not later than five days after the receipt or issuance of such complaint, the board shall provide notice of such receipt or issuance and a copy of the complaint by registered or certified mail to any respondent against whom such complaint is filed and shall provide notice of the receipt of such complaint to the complainant. When the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics undertakes an evaluation of a possible violation of this part or section 1-101nn prior to the filing of a complaint, the subject of the evaluation shall be notified not later than five business days after an Office of State Ethics staff member's first contact with a third party concerning the matter.

      (2) In the conduct of its investigation of an alleged violation of this part or section 1-101nn, the Office of State Ethics shall have the power to hold hearings, administer oaths, examine witnesses, receive oral and documentary evidence, subpoena witnesses under procedural rules adopted by the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board as regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to compel attendance before the Office of State Ethics and to require the production for examination by the ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics of any books and papers which the Office of State Ethics deems relevant in any matter under investigation or in question. In the exercise of such powers, the Office of State Ethics may use the services of the state police, who shall provide the same upon the office's request. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings conducted pursuant to this subsection. The ethics enforcement officer of the Office of State Ethics may bring any alleged violation of this part before a judge trial referee assigned by the Chief Court Administrator for such purpose for a probable cause hearing. Such judge trial referee shall be compensated in accordance with the provisions of section 52-434 from such funds as may be available to the Office of State Ethics. Any witness summoned before the Office of State Ethics or a judge trial referee pursuant to this subsection shall receive the witness fee paid to witnesses in the courts of this state. During any investigation conducted pursuant to this subsection or any probable cause hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the respondent shall have the right to appear and be heard and to offer any information which may tend to clear the respondent of probable cause to believe the respondent has violated any provision of this part or section 1-101nn. The respondent shall also have the right to be represented by legal counsel and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. Any finding of probable cause to believe the respondent is in violation of any provisions of this part shall be made by a judge trial referee not later than thirty days after the ethics enforcement officer brings such alleged violation before such judge trial referee, except that such thirty-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period.

      (b) If a judge trial referee determines that probable cause exists for the violation of a provision of this part or section 1-101nn, the board shall initiate hearings to determine whether there has been a violation of this part or section 1-101nn. Any such hearing shall be initiated by the board not later than thirty days after the finding of probable cause by a judge trial referee and shall be concluded not later than ninety days after its initiation, except that such thirty or ninety-day limitation period shall not apply if the judge trial referee determines that good cause exists for extending such limitation period. A judge trial referee, who has not taken part in the probable cause determination on the matter shall be assigned by the Chief Court Administrator and shall be compensated in accordance with section 52-434 out of funds available to the Office of State Ethics and shall preside over such hearing and rule on all issues concerning the application of the rules of evidence, which shall be the same as in judicial proceedings. The trial referee shall have no vote in any decision of the board. All hearings of the board held pursuant to this subsection shall be open. At such hearing the board shall have the same powers as the Office of State Ethics under subsection (a) of this section and the respondent shall have the right to be represented by legal counsel, the right to compel attendance of witnesses and the production of books, documents, records and papers and to examine and cross-examine witnesses. Not later than ten days prior to the commencement of any hearing conducted pursuant to this subsection, the Office of State Ethics shall provide the respondent with a list of its intended witnesses. The judge trial referee shall, while engaged in the discharge of the duties as provided in this subsection, have the same authority as is provided in section 51-35 over witnesses who refuse to obey a subpoena or to testify with respect to any matter upon which such witness may be lawfully interrogated, and may commit any such witness for contempt for a period no longer than thirty days. The Office of State Ethics shall make a record of all proceedings pursuant to this subsection. The board shall find no person in violation of any provision of this part or section 1-101nn except upon the concurring vote of six of its members present and voting. Not later than fifteen days after the public hearing conducted in accordance with this subsection, the board shall publish its finding and a memorandum of the reasons therefor. Such finding and memorandum shall be deemed to be the final decision of the board on the matter for the purposes of chapter 54. The respondent, if aggrieved by the finding and memorandum, may appeal therefrom to the Superior Court in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183.

      (c) If a judge trial referee finds, after a hearing pursuant to this section, that there is no probable cause to believe that a public official or state employee has violated a provision of this part or section 1-101nn, or if the board determines that a public official or state employee has not violated any such provision, or if a court of competent jurisdiction overturns a finding by the board of a violation by such a respondent, the state shall pay the reasonable legal expenses of the respondent as determined by the Attorney General or by the court if appropriate. If any complaint brought under the provisions of this part or section 1-101nn is made with the knowledge that it is made without foundation in fact, the respondent shall have a cause of action against the complainant for double the amount of damage caused thereby and if the respondent prevails in such action, he may be awarded by the court the costs of such action together with reasonable attorneys' fees.

      (d) No complaint may be made under this section later than five years after the violation alleged in the complaint has been committed.

      (e) No person shall take or threaten to take official action against an individual for such individual's disclosure of information to the board or the general counsel, ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics under the provisions of this part or section 1-101nn. After receipt of information from an individual under the provisions of this part or section 1-101nn, the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose the identity of such individual without such individual's consent unless the Office of State Ethics determines that such disclosure is unavoidable during the course of an investigation. No person shall be subject to civil liability for any good faith disclosure that such person makes to the commission.

      (P.A. 77-600, S. 4, 15; 77-605, S. 16, 21; 77-614, S. 486, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 79-493, S. 4, 9; P.A. 81-296, S. 1; P.A. 83-249, S. 5, 14; 83-586, S. 2, 14; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-15, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-52, S. 1; 84-519, S. 1; P.A. 85-290, S. 1; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 14; P.A. 92-29, S. 1; P.A. 94-132, S. 1; P.A. 96-37, S. 1; P.A. 04-38, S. 1; 04-198, S. 3; 04-204, S. 4; P.A. 05-183, S. 6; 05-287, S. 39.)

      History: P.A. 77-605 removed subpoena power and permission to use services of state police from investigation process in Subsec. (a) and placed these provisions in Subsec. (c) under the hearing process; P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 placed the state police within the department of public safety, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-493 required concurring vote of four members for finding of probable cause; P.A. 81-296 added Subsec. (e) establishing a three-year time limit for complaints; P.A. 83-249 made technical change in Subsec. (a); P.A. 83-586 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provisions concerning publication of commission findings and confidentiality of record; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 83-15 amended Subsec. (d) to provide for state reimbursement of legal expenses of respondent in some instances; P.A. 84-52 eliminated provisions re confidentiality of investigations and publication of findings; P.A. 84-519 amended section to grant subpoena power to commission at all stages of investigation, to require commission to meet prior to commencing investigation and to exempt such meetings from the freedom of information act, and deleted provision authorizing commission witnesses to be paid witness fees awarded court witnesses; P.A. 85-290 amended Subsec. (a) to require that commission notify persons under evaluation within five business days after a commission staff member's first contact with a third party concerning the matter; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to require trial referee or senior judge, instead of commission, to make determinations re violations; P.A. 92-29 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) by eliminating references to senior judges; P.A. 94-132 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (a) by deleting provisions re meeting to determine whether sufficient evidence exists to warrant inquiry, changing notice deadline from five days after meeting to five days after receipt or issuance of complaint, and making technical grammatical changes, amended Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (a) by adding "of an alleged violation of this part" after "investigation", deleting provision re deadline for adoption of regulations, and adding provisions re record of proceedings and list of intended witnesses, amended Subsec. (b) by specifying trial referee has no vote in commission decision, adding "of the commission held" after "all hearings" giving commission, rather than trial referee, the same powers as under Subsec. (a), adding provisions re list of intended witnesses and vote required for finding of violation, changing publisher of finding and memorandum from trial referee to commission, and deleting provision re commission aggrieved by finding and memorandum, amended Subsec. (c) by deleting provision re trial referee overturning finding by commission, changing finding that may be overturned by court from one of trial referee to one of commission, and making technical changes, and added new Subsec. (e) re individuals who disclose information to commission; P.A. 96-37 amended Subsec. (b) by changing "state trial referee" to "judge trial referee"; P.A. 04-38 amended Subsec. (d) to increase the time limit for complaints from three to five years, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-198 applied provisions to Sec. 1-86d, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 04-204 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to increase vote required to find probable cause of violation of part from four to five members, and amended Subsec. (b) to increase vote required to find violation of part from five to seven members, effective June 3, 2004; P.A. 05-183 amended Subsec. (a) to change references from the State Ethics Commission to the Office of State Ethics and the Citizen's Ethics Advisory Board, authorize the ethics enforcement officer to bring alleged violations of the code of ethics to a judge trial referee for a probable cause hearing, provide thirty days for a judge trial referee to make any such probable cause finding and make conforming and technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) to provide for the timing of a hearing by the board on a violation, make technical changes, and change the requirement for a finding of a violation from a vote of seven members to a vote of two-thirds of those members present and voting, and amended Subsecs. (c) and (e) to make conforming and technical changes, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 05-287 made technical changes and included references to Sec. 1-101nn throughout the section, amended Subsec. (b) to require a vote of six members, rather than seven, for a finding of a violation and amended Subsec. (e) to provide that persons who make good faith disclosures to the commission shall not be subject to civil liability for such disclosures, effective July 1, 2005.

      Cited. 222 C. 799. Cited. 224 C. 29.

      Sec. 1-82a. Confidentiality of complaints, evaluations of possible violations and investigations. Publication of findings. (a) Unless a judge trial referee makes a finding of probable cause, a complaint alleging a violation of this part or section 1-101nn shall be confidential except upon the request of the respondent. An evaluation of a possible violation of this part or section 1-101nn by the Office of State Ethics prior to the filing of a complaint shall be confidential except upon the request of the subject of the evaluation. If the evaluation is confidential, any information supplied to or received from the Office of State Ethics shall not be disclosed to any third party by a subject of the evaluation, a person contacted for the purpose of obtaining information or by the ethics enforcement officer or staff of the Office of State Ethics. No provision of this subsection shall prevent the Office of State Ethics from reporting the possible commission of a crime to the Chief State's Attorney or other prosecutorial authority.

      (b) An investigation conducted prior to a probable cause finding shall be confidential except upon the request of the respondent. If the investigation is confidential, the allegations in the complaint and any information supplied to or received from the Office of State Ethics shall not be disclosed during the investigation to any third party by a complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or board or staff member of the Office of State Ethics.

      (c) Not later than three business days after the termination of the investigation, the Office of State Ethics shall inform the complainant and the respondent of its finding and provide them a summary of its reasons for making that finding. The Office of State Ethics shall publish its finding upon the respondent's request and may also publish a summary of its reasons for making such finding.

      (d) If a judge trial referee makes a finding of no probable cause, the complaint and the record of the Office of State Ethics' investigation shall remain confidential, except upon the request of the respondent and except that some or all of the record may be used in subsequent proceedings. No complainant, respondent, witness, designated party, or board or staff member of the Office of State Ethics shall disclose to any third party any information learned from the investigation, including knowledge of the existence of a complaint, which the disclosing party would not otherwise have known. If such a disclosure is made, the judge trial referee may, after consultation with the respondent if the respondent is not the source of the disclosure, publish the judge trial referee's finding and a summary of the judge trial referee's reasons therefor.

      (e) The judge trial referee shall make public a finding of probable cause not later than five business days after any such finding. At such time the entire record of the investigation shall become public, except that the Office of State Ethics may postpone examination or release of such public records for a period not to exceed fourteen days for the purpose of reaching a stipulation agreement pursuant to subsection (c) of section 4-177. Any such stipulation agreement or settlement shall be approved by a majority of those members present and voting.

      (P.A. 84-52, S. 2; P.A. 85-290, S. 2; P.A. 88-317, S. 40, 107; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 15; P.A. 94-132, S. 2; P.A. 05-183, S. 7; 05-287, S. 40; P.A. 06-196, S. 7.)

      History: P.A. 85-290 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions re confidentiality of a commission evaluation prior to the filing of a complaint; P.A. 88-317 substituted "subsection (c)" for "subsection (d)" in reference to Sec. 4-177, effective July 1, 1989, and applicable to all agency proceedings commencing on or after that date; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 repealed former Subsec. (f) re publication of commission finding and memorandum under Sec. 1-82(b); P.A. 94-132 amended Subsec. (a) to authorize reports to prosecutorial authority other than chief state's attorney; P.A. 05-183 replaced "commission" with "judge trial referee" or "Office of State Ethics" and made conforming changes throughout the section and amended Subsec. (e) to require approval of a stipulation or settlement agreement by a majority of those members present and voting, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 05-287 amended Subsec. (a) to include references to Sec. 1-101nn, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsec. (d), effective June 7, 2006.

      Sec. 1-82b. Continuation of certain probable cause hearings. Any probable cause hearing initiated pursuant to this chapter on or before June 30, 2005, that is not concluded by such date shall be continued on or after July 1, 2005.

      (June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3, S. 107.)

      History: June Sp. Sess. P.A. 05-3 effective June 30, 2005.

      Sec. 1-83. Statements of financial interests. Filing requirements. Ethics statements. (a)(1) All state-wide elected officers, members of the General Assembly, department heads and their deputies, members of the Gaming Policy Board, the executive director of the Division of Special Revenue within the Department of Revenue Services, members or directors of each quasi-public agency, members of the Investment Advisory Council, state marshals and such members of the Executive Department and such employees of quasi-public agencies as the Governor shall require, shall file, under penalty of false statement, a statement of financial interests for the preceding calendar year with the Office of State Ethics on or before the May first next in any year in which they hold such a position. Any such individual who leaves his or her office or position shall file a statement of financial interests covering that portion of the year during which such individual held his or her office or position. The Office of State Ethics shall notify such individuals of the requirements of this subsection not later than thirty days after their departure from such office or position. Such individuals shall file such statement within sixty days after receipt of the notification.

      (2) Each state agency, department, board and commission shall develop and implement, in cooperation with the Office of State Ethics, an ethics statement as it relates to the mission of the agency, department, board or commission. The executive head of each such agency, department, board or commission shall be directly responsible for the development and enforcement of such ethics statement and shall file a copy of such ethics statement with the Department of Administrative Services and the Office of State Ethics.

      (b) (1) The statement of financial interests, except as provided in subdivision (2) of this subsection, shall include the following information for the preceding calendar year in regard to the individual required to file the statement and the individual's spouse and dependent children residing in the individual's household: (A) The names of all businesses with which associated; (B) the category or type of all sources of income in excess of one thousand dollars, without specifying amounts of income; (C) the name of securities in excess of five thousand dollars at fair market value owned by such individual, spouse or dependent children or held in the name of a corporation, partnership or trust for the benefit of such individual, spouse or dependent children; (D) the existence of any known blind trust and the names of the trustees; (E) all real property and its location, whether owned by such individual, spouse or dependent children or held in the name of a corporation, partnership or trust for the benefit of such individual, spouse or dependent children; (F) the names and addresses of creditors to whom the individual, the individual's spouse or dependent children, individually, owed debts of more than ten thousand dollars; (G) any leases or contracts with the state held or entered into by the individual or a business with which he or she was associated; and (H) a description of any partnership, joint ownership or similar business affiliation between (i) a business included under subparagraph (A) of this subdivision with which the individual filing the statement, the individual's spouse or a dependent child of the individual is associated, and (ii) a lobbyist, a person that the individual filing the statement knows or has reason to know is doing business with or seeking to do business with the state or is engaged in activities that are directly regulated by the department or agency in which the individual is employed, or a business with which such lobbyist or person is associated.

      (2) The statement of financial interests filed by state marshals shall include only amounts and sources of income earned in their capacity as state marshals.

      (c) The statement of financial interests filed pursuant to this section shall be a matter of public information, except the list of names, filed in accordance with subparagraph (F) of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section shall be sealed and confidential and for the use of the Office of State Ethics only after a complaint has been filed under section 1-82 and such complaint has been determined by a vote of the board to be of sufficient merit and gravity to justify the unsealing of such list or lists and not open to public inspection unless the respondent requests otherwise. If the board reports its findings to the Chief State's Attorney in accordance with subsection (c) of section 1-88, the board shall turn over to the Chief State's Attorney such relevant information contained in the statement as may be germane to the specific violation or violations or a prosecutorial official may subpoena such statement in a criminal action. Unless otherwise a matter of public record, the Office of State Ethics shall not disclose to the public any such subpoena which would be exempt from disclosure by the issuing agency.

      (d) Any individual who is unable to provide information required under the provisions of subdivision (1) of subsection (b) of this section by reason of impossibility may petition the board for a waiver of the requirements.

      (P.A. 77-600, S. 5, 15; P.A. 79-549; P.A. 80-482, S. 342, 343, 345, 348; P.A. 83-249, S. 6, 14; 83-270, S. 3; 83-586, S. 3, 14; P.A. 84-21, S. 1, 5; 84-335, S. 2, 4; 84-546, S. 141, 173; P.A. 87-524, S. 5, 7; P.A. 88-139, S. 2; 88-225, S. 2, 14; P.A. 89-97, S. 2, 7; 89-145; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 8; P.A. 94-126, S. 1; 94-132, S. 3; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6, S. 12, 14; P.A. 00-43, S. 17, 19; 00-66, S. 1; 00-99, S. 14, 154; P.A. 01-195, S. 1, 2, 181; P.A. 04-245, S. 1; P.A. 05-183, S. 8.)

      History: P.A. 79-549 included members of gaming policy board, executive director of division of special revenue within the department of business regulation under filing requirements; P.A. 80-482 changed "business regulation" to "revenue services", expanded provisions regarding the executive director and limited revenue services' control to administrative purposes only; P.A. 83-249 changed "commissioners and deputy commissioners" to "department heads and their deputies" and made technical amendments; P.A. 83-270 amended Subsec. (a) to include members of the board of directors of the Connecticut resources recovery authority under filing requirements; P.A. 83-586 amended Subsec. (a) to require post-termination filing of financial statement, amended Subsec. (b) to allow for nondisclosure of privileged information, to clarify that reporting threshold figure of five thousand dollars refers to net income and to require disclosure of clients providing more than five thousand dollars of net income to any business with which the individual was associated, names of creditors and state leases and contracts, amended Subsec. (c) to allow commission access to list of names if commission determines that a complaint is of sufficient merit and gravity to justify its unsealing and added Subsec. (d) allowing waiver in cases in which it is impossible to comply with information requirements; P.A. 84-21 made technical correction in Subsec. (c) to refer to list of names of creditors as sealed and confidential; P.A. 84-335 added requirement that sheriffs and deputy sheriffs file limited financial statements; P.A. 84-546 made technical changes in Subsec. (b); P.A. 87-524 amended Subsec. (b) to specify that Subdiv. (2) shall not permit elected official to receive gift, honorarium or compensation prohibited under Sec. 9-333i(h); P.A. 88-139 amended Subsec. (a) by changing the filing deadline for statements of financial interests from April fifteenth to May first, amended Subsec. (b)(1)(C) by deleting the exception for blind trusts; added Subsec. (b)(1)(D) re blind trusts; added the language in Subsec. (b)(1)(E) re real property held for the benefit of an individual, spouse or dependent children and relettered Subparas. (E) and (F) accordingly; P.A. 88-225 amended Subsec. (a) to require (1) members or directors of each quasi-public agency, instead of only members of board of directors of Connecticut resources recovery authority, and (2) such employees of quasi-public agencies as governor requires to file statement of financial interests; P.A. 89-97 added definition of "fee" and "honorarium" in Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (b) and required filing of such a fee or honorarium in an amount of one hundred dollars or more received in capacity as public official or state employee instead of fee or honorarium received for appearance or delivery of address to any meeting of an organization; P.A. 89-145 increased threshold in Subpara. (B) of Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (b) for reporting names and addresses of clients, patients and customers providing income to individual, from five thousand to ten thousand dollars; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 deleted former Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (b) re disclosure of fees and honoraria and renumbered Subdiv. (3) as Subdiv. (2); P.A. 94-126 amended Subsec. (a) by adding new Subdiv. (2) re ethics statements and clarified that Subsecs. (b) and (c) apply to statements of financial interests; P.A. 94-132 amended Subsec. (c) by adding provision re disclosure of subpoenas; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (b) to delete requirement that statement of financial interests include names and addresses of clients, patients and customers who provide more than ten thousand dollars of net income, effective January 1, 1998; P.A. 00-43 amended Subsec. (a) to extend provisions of section to members of the Investment Advisory Council and to make technical changes for purposes of gender neutrality, effective May 3, 2000; P.A. 00-66 made technical changes in Subsec. (b); P.A. 00-99 changed reference to sheriffs and deputy sheriffs to state marshals in Subsecs. (a) and (b), effective December 1, 2000; P.A. 01-195 substituted "marshals" for "marshal" in Subsec. (a)(1) and made a technical change in Subsec. (b)(1)(G) for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 11, 2001; P.A. 04-245 amended Subsec. (b)(1) by adding Subpara. (H) re disclosure of business affiliations with lobbyists, persons doing business with or seeking to do business with the state or persons engaged in regulated activities or associated businesses; P.A. 05-183 replaced "commission" and "Ethics Commission" with "Office of State Ethics" or "board" throughout the section and made a technical change in Subsec. (a)(1), effective July 1, 2005.

      Disclosure obligations under statute not subject to disclosure requirement of Sec. 1-19(a). 18 CA 212.

      Sec. 1-84. (Formerly Sec. 1-66). Prohibited activities. (a) No public official or state employee shall, while serving as such, have any financial interest in, or engage in, any business, employment, transaction or professional activity, which is in substantial conflict with the proper discharge of his duties or employment in the public interest and of his responsibilities as prescribed in the laws of this state, as defined in section 1-85.

      (b) No public official or state employee shall accept other employment which will either impair his independence of judgment as to his official duties or employment or require him, or induce him, to disclose confidential information acquired by him in the course of and by reason of his official duties.

      (c) No public official or state employee shall wilfully and knowingly disclose, for financial gain, to any other person, confidential information acquired by him in the course of and by reason of his official duties or employment and no public official or state employee shall use his public office or position or any confidential information received through his holding such public office or position to obtain financial gain for himself, his spouse, child, child's spouse, parent, brother or sister or a business with which he is associated.

      (d) No public official or state employee or employee of such public official or state employee shall agree to accept, or be a member or employee of a partnership, association, professional corporation or sole proprietorship which partnership, association, professional corporation or sole proprietorship agrees to accept any employment, fee or other thing of value, or portion thereof, for appearing, agreeing to appear, or taking any other action on behalf of another person before the Department of Banking, the Claims Commissioner, the Office of Health Care Access, the Insurance Department, the office within the Department of Consumer Protection that carries out the duties and responsibilities of sections 30-2 to 30-68m, inclusive, the Department of Motor Vehicles, the State Insurance and Risk Management Board, the Department of Environmental Protection, the Department of Public Utility Control, the Connecticut Siting Council, the Division of Special Revenue within the Department of Revenue Services, the Gaming Policy Board within the Department of Revenue Services or the Connecticut Real Estate Commission; provided this shall not prohibit any such person from making inquiry for information on behalf of another before any of said commissions or commissioners if no fee or reward is given or promised in consequence thereof. For the purpose of this subsection, partnerships, associations, professional corporations or sole proprietorships refer only to such partnerships, associations, professional corporations or sole proprietorships which have been formed to carry on the business or profession directly relating to the employment, appearing, agreeing to appear or taking of action provided for in this subsection. Nothing in this subsection shall prohibit any employment, appearing, agreeing to appear or taking action before any municipal board, commission or council. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as applying (1) to the actions of any teaching or research professional employee of a public institution of higher education if such actions are not in violation of any other provision of this chapter, (2) to the actions of any other professional employee of a public institution of higher education if such actions are not compensated and are not in violation of any other provision of this chapter, (3) to any member of a board or commission who receives no compensation other than per diem payments or reimbursement for actual or necessary expenses, or both, incurred in the performance of the member's duties, or (4) to any member or director of a quasi-public agency. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection to the contrary, a legislator, an officer of the General Assembly or part-time legislative employee may be or become a member or employee of a firm, partnership, association or professional corporation which represents clients for compensation before agencies listed in this subsection, provided the legislator, officer of the General Assembly or part-time legislative employee shall take no part in any matter involving the agency listed in this subsection and shall not receive compensation from any such matter. Receipt of a previously established salary, not based on the current or anticipated business of the firm, partnership, association or professional corporation involving the agencies listed in this subsection, shall be permitted.

      (e) No legislative commissioner or his partners, employees or associates shall represent any person subject to the provisions of part II concerning the promotion of or opposition to legislation before the General Assembly, or accept any employment which includes an agreement or understanding to influence, or which is inconsistent with, the performance of his official duties.

      (f) No person shall offer or give to a public official or state employee or candidate for public office or his spouse, his parent, brother, sister or child or spouse of such child or a business with which he is associated, anything of value, including but not limited to, a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or promise of future employment based on any understanding that the vote, official action or judgment of the public official, state employee or candidate for public office would be or had been influenced thereby.

      (g) No public official or state employee or candidate for public office shall solicit or accept anything of value, including but not limited to, a gift, loan, political contribution, reward or promise of future employment based on any understanding that the vote, official action or judgment of the public official or state employee or candidate for public office would be or had been influenced thereby.

      (h) Nothing in subsection (f) or (g) of this section shall be construed (1) to apply to any promise made in violation of subdivision (6) of section 9-622, or (2) to permit any activity otherwise prohibited in section 53a-147 or 53a-148.

      (i) No public official or state employee or member of the official or employee's immediate family or a business with which he is associated shall enter into any contract with the state, valued at one hundred dollars or more, other than a contract of employment as a state employee or pursuant to a court appointment, unless the contract has been awarded through an open and public process, including prior public offer and subsequent public disclosure of all proposals considered and the contract awarded. In no event shall an executive head of an agency, as defined in section 4-166, including a commissioner of a department, or an executive head of a quasi-public agency, as defined in section 1-79, or the executive head's immediate family or a business with which he is associated enter into any contract with that agency or quasi-public agency. Nothing in this subsection shall be construed as applying to any public official who is appointed as a member of the executive branch or as a member or director of a quasi-public agency and who receives no compensation other than per diem payments or reimbursement for actual or necessary expenses, or both, incurred in the performance of the public official's duties unless such public official has authority or control over the subject matter of the contract. Any contract made in violation of this subsection shall be voidable by a court of competent jurisdiction if the suit is commenced not later than one hundred eighty days after the making of the contract.

      (j) No public official, state employee or candidate for public office, or a member of any such person's staff or immediate family shall knowingly accept any gift, as defined in subsection (e) of section 1-79, from a person known to be a registrant or anyone known to be acting on behalf of a registrant.

      (k) No public official, spouse of the Governor or state employee shall accept a fee or honorarium for an article, appearance or speech, or for participation at an event, in the public official's, spouse's or state employee's official capacity, provided a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee may receive payment or reimbursement for necessary expenses for any such activity in his or her official capacity. If a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee receives such a payment or reimbursement for lodging or out-of-state travel, or both, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall, not later than thirty days thereafter, file a report of the payment or reimbursement with the Office of State Ethics, unless the payment or reimbursement is provided by the federal government or another state government. If a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee does not file such report within such period, either intentionally or due to gross negligence on the public official's, Governor's spouse's or state employee's part, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall return the payment or reimbursement. If any failure to file such report is not intentional or due to gross negligence on the part of the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee, the public official, Governor's spouse or state employee shall not be subject to any penalty under this chapter. When a public official, Governor's spouse or state employee attends an event in this state in the public official's, Governor's spouse's or state employee's official capacity and as a principal speaker at such event and receives admission to or food or beverage at such event from the sponsor of the event, such admission or food or beverage shall not be considered a gift and no report shall be required from such public official, spouse or state employee or from the sponsor of the event.

      (l) No public official or state employee, or any person acting on behalf of a public official or state employee, shall wilfully and knowingly interfere with, influence, direct or solicit existing or new lobbying contracts, agreements or business relationships for or on behalf of any person.

      (m) No public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift, as defined in subsection (e) of section 1-79, from any person the public official or state employee knows or has reason to know: (1) Is doing business with or seeking to do business with the department or agency in which the public official or state employee is employed; (2) is engaged in activities which are directly regulated by such department or agency; or (3) is prequalified under section 4a-100. No person shall knowingly give, directly or indirectly, any gift or gifts in violation of this provision. For the purposes of this subsection, the exclusion to the term "gift" in subdivision (12) of subsection (e) of section 1-79 for a gift for the celebration of a major life event shall not apply. Any person prohibited from making a gift under this subsection shall report to the Office of State Ethics any solicitation of a gift from such person by a state employee or public official.

      (n) (1) As used in this subsection, (A) "investment services" means investment legal services, investment banking services, investment advisory services, underwriting services, financial advisory services or brokerage firm services, and (B) "principal of an investment services firm" means (i) an individual who is a director of or has an ownership interest in an investment services firm, except for an individual who owns less than five per cent of the shares of an investment services firm which is a publicly traded corporation, (ii) an individual who is employed by an investment services firm as president, treasurer, or executive or senior vice president, (iii) an employee of such an investment services firm who has managerial or discretionary responsibilities with respect to any investment services, (iv) the spouse or dependent child of an individual described in this subparagraph, or (v) a political committee established by or on behalf of an individual described in this subparagraph.

      (2) The State Treasurer shall not pay any compensation, expenses or fees or issue any contract to any firm which provides investment services when (A) a political committee, as defined in section 9-601, established by such firm, or (B) a principal of the investment services firm has made a contribution, as defined in section 9-601a, to, or solicited contributions on behalf of, any exploratory committee or candidate committee, as defined in section 9-601, established by the State Treasurer as a candidate for nomination or election to the office of State Treasurer. The State Treasurer shall not pay any compensation, expenses or fees or issue any contract to such firms or principals during the term of office as State Treasurer, including, for an incumbent State Treasurer seeking reelection, any remainder of the current term of office.

      (o) If (1) any person (A) is doing business with or seeking to do business with the department or agency in which a public official or state employee is employed, or (B) is engaged in activities which are directly regulated by such department or agency, and (2) such person or a representative of such person gives to such public official or state employee anything of value which is subject to the reporting requirements pursuant to subsection (e) of section 1-96, such person or representative shall, not later than ten days thereafter, give such recipient and the executive head of the recipient's department or agency a written report stating the name of the donor, a description of the item or items given, the value of such items and the cumulative value of all items given to such recipient during that calendar year. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to a political contribution otherwise reported as required by law.

      (p) (1) No public official or state employee or member of the immediate family of a public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift costing one hundred dollars or more from a public official or state employee who is under the supervision of such public official or state employee.

      (2) No public official or state employee or member of the immediate family of a public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any gift costing one hundred dollars or more from a public official or state employee who is a supervisor of such public official or state employee.

      (3) No public official or state employee shall knowingly give, directly or indirectly, any gift in violation of subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection.

      (q) No public official or state employee shall knowingly accept, directly or indirectly, any goods or services provided to the state under subdivision (5) of subsection (e) of section 1-79 by a person prohibited from making gifts to public officials and state employees under this section or section 1-97.

      (r) No public official or state employee shall counsel, authorize or otherwise sanction action that violates any provision of this part.

      (1971, P.A. 822, S. 1; P.A. 75-605, S. 20, 27; P.A. 76-302, S. 1, 3; P.A. 77-600, S. 6, 15; 77-604, S. 68, 84; 77-605, S. 13, 21; 77-614, S. 165, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 37, 136; P.A. 79-404, S. 1, 45; 79-493, S. 5, 7, 9; P.A. 80-482, S. 1, 4, 170, 191, 345, 348; 80-483, S. 2, 186; P.A. 82-423, S. 6, 8; P.A. 83-249, S. 7, 14; 83-586, S. 4, 14; P.A. 87-9, S. 2, 3; 87-234; 87-524, S. 6, 7; P.A. 88-225, S. 3, 14; P.A. 89-369, S. 3; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1, S. 2, 6, 22; P.A. 92-149, S. 1, 12; P.A. 94-69, S. 2, 3; P.A. 95-188, S. 1; 95-195, S. 4, 83; 95-257, S. 39, 58; P.A. 96-11, S. 1, 5; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6, S. 2-5, 14; P.A. 99-51, S. 1, 9; 99-145, S. 14, 23; P.A. 00-66, S. 2; P.A. 02-130, S. 13; P.A. 03-215, S. 5; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 146(d); P.A. 04-38, S. 2; 04-169, S. 17; 04-189, S. 1; 04-245, S. 5, 6; P.A. 05-287, S. 41; P.A. 06-137, S. 32; 06-196, S. 8-10.)

      History: P.A. 75-605 changed "commission on claims" to "claims commissioner"; P.A. 76-302 added Subsec. (e); P.A. 77-600 broadened scope of section regarding prohibited activities and those who are affected by the prohibitions and added Subsecs. (f) to (i), effective January 1, 1978; P.A. 77-604 changed sections referred to in Subsec. (h), effective January 1, 1978; P.A. 77-605 expanded scope of prohibitions in Subsec. (e); in Subsec. (d) P.A. 77-614 changed "liquor control commission" to "division of liquor control within the department of business regulation"; in Subsec. (d) P.A. 78-303 changed "state banking commission" to "banking commissioner", effective January 1, 1979; in 1979 Sec. 1-66 transferred to Sec. 1-84; P.A. 79-404 changed "commission on special revenue" to "division of special revenue" and added the gaming policy board in Subsec. (d); P.A. 79-493 clarified prohibited conduct in Subsec. (d) and excluded members of advisory boards and commissions receiving per diem or reimbursement for expenses from provisions and excluded executive branch officials from provisions of Subsec. (i) except in certain cases; P.A. 80-482 deleted references to business regulation and reflected changes placing special revenue and the gaming policy board within the department of revenue services and creating the banking, insurance, liquor control and public utility control departments; P.A. 80-483 made technical changes; P.A. 82-423 added Subsec. (j) which placed fifty dollar limit on gifts accepted by public officials; P.A. 83-249 limited prohibition to financial interest or gains; P.A. 83-586 amended Subsec. (d) to include appearance or action before commission on hospitals and health care, insurance department, department of public utility control or Connecticut siting council, effective January 9, 1985; (Revisor's note: Pursuant to P.A. 87-9, "banking department" was changed editorially by the Revisors to "department of banking"); P.A. 87-234 amended Subsec. (d) to exempt from provisions of Subsec. (d) actions of teaching or research professional employees of public institutions of higher education, regardless of whether such actions are compensated; P.A. 87-524 added provision in Subsec. (h) that Subsecs. (f) and (g) shall not apply to promise violating Subdiv. (6) of Sec. 9-333x; P.A. 88-225 added Subdiv. (4) to Subsec. (d), exempting members and directors of quasi-public agencies from application of Subsec. (d) and amended Subsec. (i) to exempt certain members and directors of quasi-public agencies from application of Subsec. (i); P.A. 89-369 applied section to sole proprietorships; June 12 Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-1 amended Subsec. (j) by inserting "knowingly" and making a technical change and added Subsec. (k) re fees and honoraria and Subsec. (l) re influence with lobbying contracts, agreements or business relationships; P.A. 92-149 amended Subsec. (d) to allow firms employing legislators or legislative employees to represent clients before specific agencies provided such employee derives no compensation from such representation, amended Subsec. (k) to allow public officials or state employees to receive payment or reimbursements for necessary expenses for lodging, out-of-state travel or both provided a report is filed with the commission and added new Subsec. (m) re acceptance of gifts in excess of fifty dollars; P.A. 94-69 amended Subsec. (m) by deleting "serving in the executive branch or a quasi-public agency" after "state employee", effective January 1, 1994; P.A. 95-188 added Subsec. (n) re contributions to candidates for Treasurer by "investment services" firms or individuals associated with such firms; P.A. 95-195 amended Subsec. (d) to replace reference to Department of Liquor Control with reference to office within the Department of Consumer Protection carrying out the duties of Secs. 30-2 to 30-68m, inclusive, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-257 amended Subsec. (d) to replace Commission on Hospitals and Health Care with Office of Health Care Access, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-11 amended Subsec. (i) to prohibit an executive head of an agency or his immediate family or a business with which he is associated from entering into a contract with that agency, effective January 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-6 amended Subsec. (j) to delete reference to gifts of fifty dollars or more in value, amended Subsec. (k) to provide that admission to, and food and beverage consumed at, an event are not considered a gift if consumed at the event, if official or employee attends in official capacity or as principal speaker, amended Subsec. (m) to delete reference to gifts of fifty dollars or more in value and to delete Subdiv. (3) re financial interests that may be substantially affected by performance or nonperformance of duties and added new Subsec. (o) re written reports by person who is doing business with agency and who gives something of value to a public official or employee of that agency, effective January 1, 1998; P.A. 99-51 amended Subsec. (d) to substitute "State Insurance and Risk Management Board" for "State Insurance Purchasing Board" and to make existing provisions gender neutral, effective May 27, 1999; P.A. 99-145 amended Subsec. (d) to substitute "State Insurance and Risk Management Board" for "State Insurance Purchasing Board", effective June 8, 1999; P.A. 00-66 made technical changes in Subsec. (k); P.A. 02-130 amended Subsec. (n) by designating definitions as Subdiv. (1) and remaining provisions as Subdiv. (2), designating definition of "investment services" in Subdiv. (1) as Subpara. (A) and replacing "legal services" with "investment legal services" therein, adding Subdiv. (1)(B) defining "principal of an investment services firm" and revising Subdiv. (2) to replace former provisions re individual who is owner of firm or employed by firm as manager, officer, director, partner or employee having managerial or discretionary investment responsibilities with "a principal of the investment services firm" and to make conforming and technical changes, effective May 10, 2002; P.A. 03-215 amended Subsec. (m) to add Subdiv. (3) re gifts from a prequalified contractor, effective October 1, 2004; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 and P.A. 04-169 replaced Department of Consumer Protection with Department of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-38 amended Subsec. (i) to increase the number of days by which a lawsuit to void a contract in violation of said Subsec. may be brought from ninety days to one hundred eighty days and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-189 repealed Sec. 146 of June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, thereby reversing the merger of the Departments of Agriculture and Consumer Protection, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 04-245 amended Subsec. (m) to provide that, for purposes of said Subsec., exclusion to term "gift" in Sec. 1-79(e)(12) for major life event shall not apply, effective June 1, 2004; P.A. 05-287 made technical changes throughout the section, amended Subsec. (m) to require any person who is prohibited from making a gift under the subsection to report any solicitation of a gift by a state employee or public official, amended Subsec. (o) to include references to representatives and the executive head of the recipient's department or agency and added Subsec. (p) re a public official's or state employee's acceptance of a gift costing one hundred dollars or more from a person under supervision or a supervisor, Subsec. (q) re acceptance of gifts to the state from persons prohibited from making gifts to public officials and state employees and Subsec. (r) re the sanctioning of violations, effective July 1, 2005; P.A. 06-137 amended Subsec. (k) to include references to the spouse of the Governor, effective June 6, 2006; P.A. 06-196 made technical changes in Subsecs. (k), (m) and (o), effective June 7, 2006.

      See Sec. 1-79a re calculation of dollar limit on gifts.

      Subsec. (c):

      Cited. 229 C. 479.

      Ethics Commission has jurisdiction in case involving the use of office by state employee for financial gain even if employee's behavior could arguably subject him to discipline by Commissioner of Administrative Services pursuant to State Personnel Act. 53 CA 808.

      Not unconstitutionally void for vagueness or overbroad as applied to plaintiff, a high sheriff engaged in fee splitting. 45 CS 242.

      Sec. 1-84a. Disclosure or use of confidential information by former official or employee. No former executive or legislative branch or quasi-public agency public official or state employee shall disclose or use confidential information acquired in the course of and by reason of his official duties, for financial gain for himself or another person.

      (P.A. 83-586, S. 5; P.A. 88-225, S. 4, 14.)

      History: P.A. 88-225 applied provisions of section to quasi-public agency public officials and state employees.

      Sec. 1-84b. Certain activities restricted after leaving public office or employment. (a) No former executive branch or quasi-public agency public official or state employee shall represent anyone other than the state, concerning any particular matter (1) in which he participated personally and substantially while in state service, and (2) in which the state has a substantial interest.

      (b) No former executive branch or quasi-public agency public official or state employee shall, for one year after leaving state service, represent anyone, other than the state, for compensation before the department, agency, board, commission, council or office in which he served at the time of his termination of service, concerning any matter in which the state has a substantial interest. The provisions of this subsection shall not apply to an attorney who is a former employee of the Division of Criminal Justice, with respect to any representation in a matter under the jurisdiction of a court.

      (c) The provisions of this subsection apply to present or former executive branch public officials or state employees who hold or formerly held positions which inv