CHAPTER 166*
TEACHERS AND SUPERINTENDENTS

      *School laws demonstrate adoption of public policy to provide good public schools, staffed by qualified teachers: That these teachers shall be secure in their employment save for circumstances affecting the quality of their work; and that, as an inducement to, and reward for, a long period of service, qualified teachers shall benefit from a comprehensive retirement system. 152 C. 151.

Table of Contents

Sec. 10-144o. Definitions.
Sec. 10-145. Certificate necessary to employment. Forfeiture for noncompliance. Substitute teachers.
Sec. 10-145a. (Formerly Sec. 10-146). Certificates of qualification. Specific components of teacher preparation programs.
Sec. 10-145b. Teaching certificates.
Sec. 10-145c. Election of persons certified provisionally before July 1, 1974.
Sec. 10-145d. State board regulations for teacher certificates. Certification of school business administrators; membership in teachers' retirement system; applicability of teacher tenure law. Certification of computer science teachers. Endorsement to teach elementary education and comprehensive special education. Teaching experience in birth-to-three programs.
Sec. 10-145e. Certification for occupational subjects.
Sec. 10-145f. Testing for prospective teachers.
Sec. 10-145g. Regulations.
Sec. 10-145h. Requirements for certification as a bilingual education teacher.
Sec. 10-145i. Limitation on issuance and reissuance of certificates, authorizations or permits to certain individuals.
Sec. 10-146.
Sec. 10-146a. Advisory board on state certification of teachers.
Sec. 10-146b. Extension of period to complete requirements for teaching certificates.
Sec. 10-146c. Interstate Agreement on Qualification of Educational Personnel.
Sec. 10-146d. Commissioner of Education as agent for state.
Sec. 10-146e. Filing of contracts under agreement.
Sec. 10-146f. Waiver of certification requirements for bilingual teachers.
Secs. 10-147 and 10-148. Kindergarten certificates. Teacher to have certificate.
Sec. 10-149. Qualifications for coaches of intramural and interscholastic athletics.
Sec. 10-149a. Felony conviction or fine pursuant to mandated reporting provisions. Notification by state's attorney.
Secs. 10-150 and 10-150a. School registers.
Sec. 10-151. Employment of teachers. Definitions. Notice and hearing on failure to renew or termination of contract. Appeal.
Sec. 10-151a. Access of teacher to supervisory records and reports in personnel file.
Sec. 10-151b. Evaluation by superintendents of certain educational personnel.
Sec. 10-151c. Nondisclosure of records of teacher performance and evaluation. Exceptions.
Sec. 10-152. Discrimination in salaries of teachers.
Sec. 10-153. Discrimination on account of marital status.
Sec. 10-153a. Rights concerning professional organization and negotiations. Duty of fair representation. Annual service fees negotiable item.
Sec. 10-153b. Selection of teachers' representatives.
Sec. 10-153c. Disputes as to elections.
Sec. 10-153d. Meeting between board of education and fiscal authority required. Duty to negotiate. Procedure if legislative body rejects contract.
Sec. 10-153e. Prohibited practices of employers, employees and representatives. Hearing before State Board of Labor Relations. Appeal. Penalty.
Sec. 10-153f. Mediation and arbitration of disagreements.
Sec. 10-153g. Negotiations concerning salaries, hours and other conditions of employment unaffected by special acts, charters, ordinances.
Sec. 10-153h. Appropriation.
Sec. 10-153i. Designation of statutory agent for service of process.
Sec. 10-153j. The making of service of process, notice or demand.
Sec. 10-153k. Teacher Negotiation Act applies to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies.
Sec. 10-153l. Applicability of employment of teachers statute and teacher negotiation law to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies.
Sec. 10-153m. Payment of attorney's fees in proceedings to vacate or confirm teacher grievance arbitration awards.
Sec. 10-153n. Applicability of employment of teachers statute and teacher negotiation law to the Gilbert School in Winchester.
Sec. 10-153o. Review of performance of arbitration panel members.
Sec. 10-153p to 10-153r. Summary of results of contract negotiations. Monitoring of major economic provisions of contracts. Report concerning contracts to General Assembly.
Sec. 10-154. Homes and transportation for teachers.
Sec. 10-154a. Professional communications between teacher or nurse and student. Surrender of physical evidence obtained from students.
Sec. 10-155. Emergency teacher training program.
Secs. 10-155a to 10-155c. Cooperative arrangements for teacher training. Subcommittee and advisory committee for program. State grants.
Sec. 10-155d. Preparation of teachers. Alternate route programs.
Sec. 10-155e. Development of programs to assist paraprofessionals to fulfill state certification requirements. Report to General Assembly.
Sec. 10-155f. Residency requirement prohibited.
Sec. 10-155g. Educational Excellence Trust Fund.
Sec. 10-155h. Educational excellence program administered by department. Governor to recommend appropriation for.
Sec. 10-155i. Pilot program to assist paraprofessionals.
Secs. 10-155j to 10-155m.
Secs. 10-155n to 10-155q. Teacher career incentive programs. Applications for grants; selection criteria. Project evaluations; statement of expenditures. Grant program administration.
Secs. 10-155r and 10-155s.
Secs. 10-155t to 10-155bb. Advisory commission on career incentives and teacher evaluation. Election to participate in programs; appointment of panels. Local teacher evaluation plans. Presentation of plans. Grants for developing evaluation plans. Local career incentive plans. Grants for developing career incentive plans. Grants for approval of evaluation and career incentive plans; distribution of proceeds. Teacher Career Incentive Fund; grants for approval of evaluation and career incentive plans; distribution of proceeds.
Sec. 10-155cc. Definitions.
Secs. 10-155dd to 10-155gg. Grants to implement comprehensive professional development plans. Planning grants to develop or revise teacher evaluation programs. Grants to implement, assess and improve teacher evaluation programs. Planning grants for teacher career incentive programs.
Sec. 10-156. Sick leave.
Sec. 10-156a. Duty-free lunch period.
Sec. 10-156b. Tenure and sick leave rights of teacher on regionalization of school and on dissolution of regional school district.
Sec. 10-156c. Military leave.
Sec. 10-156d. Reemployment after military leave.
Sec. 10-156e. Employees of boards of education permitted to serve as elected officials; exception.
Sec. 10-157. Superintendents: Relationship to local or regional board of education; verification of certification status; written contract of employment; evaluation of superintendent by board of education.
Sec. 10-157a. Superintendent for more than one town.
Sec. 10-158. Superintendent for more than one town. Supervision districts.
Sec. 10-158a. Cooperative arrangements among towns. School building projects. Student transportation.
Secs. 10-159 and 10-159a. Supervisory service by State Board of Education. Election to receive grant in lieu of supervisory service.

PART I*
TEACHERS

      *Teacher may be discharged by the district, and, in absence of action by the district, may be discharged by the committee. 33 C. 304. If improperly discharged by the committee, the district may compel reinstatement. 33 C. 305, 306. General certificate of teacher is sufficient in any district of the town where issued. 36 C. 282. Is not a public officer in ordinary sense of word; his wages are subject to attachment. 53 C. 509. Status of teacher, as to district. Id. Interest of town in moral fitness of teacher; may defend action brought against school officers for statements as to. 79 C. 237. Statement as to qualifications of teacher made in report of superintendent held privileged. 81 C. 293. Under former statute no certificate needed by teacher of music. 97 C. 430. History of statutes. 123 C. 519.

      Sec. 10-144o. Definitions. As used in sections 10-145 to 10-158a, inclusive:

      (1) "Equivalent" means qualifications reasonably comparable to those specifically listed as required for certification;

      (2) "Initial educator certificate" means a license to teach issued on or after July 1, 1989, to a person who has successfully met the preparation and eligibility requirements specified by the State Board of Education for entrance into a beginning educator program;

      (3) "Beginning educator program" means the support and assessment program established by the State Board of Education for holders of initial educator certificates. The program shall be designed to improve the quality of the first school years of teaching and to determine whether holders of initial educator certificates have achieved the level of competency, as defined by said board, to entitle them to provisional educator certificates;

      (4) "Provisional teaching certificate" or "provisional certificate" means a license to teach during the provisional certification period, issued prior to July 1, 1989, to a person who meets in full the preparation requirements of the State Board of Education;

      (5) "Provisional educator certificate" means a license to teach, issued on or after July 1, 1989, to a person who (A) has successfully completed a beginning educator program, if there is such a program for such person's certification endorsement area, and not less than one school year of successful teaching in a public school, (B) has completed at least three years of successful teaching in a public or nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education or appropriate governing body in another state within ten years prior to application for such provisional educator certificate or (C) has successfully taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding application for such provisional educator certificate as an employee of a local or regional board of education or facility approved for special education by the State Board of Education;

      (6) "Standard teaching certificate" or "standard certificate" means a license to teach issued prior to July 1, 1989, to one who has successfully completed no less than three school years of satisfactory teaching experience and fulfilled other requirements while holding a provisional certificate or its equivalent;

      (7) "Professional educator certificate" means a license to teach issued on or after July 1, 1989, initially to a person who has successfully completed not less than three school years of teaching in a public school or nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education while holding a provisional educator or provisional teaching certificate and has successfully completed not fewer than thirty semester hours of credit beyond a bachelor's degree. Said certificate shall be continued every five years after issuance upon the successful completion of not less than ninety hours of continuing education, in accordance with subsection (l) of section 10-145b, during each successive five-year period. The successful completion of continuing education units shall only be required for certified employees of local and regional boards of education;

      (8) "Temporary ninety-day certificate" means a license to teach issued on or after July 1, 1988, to a person upon the request of a local or regional board of education pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-145b. Each such certificate may be reissued once upon the request of a local or regional board of education during the 1988-1989 school year and upon reissuance shall be effective until July 1, 1989. Any provision for the reissuance of such certificate after said school year shall be pursuant to regulations adopted by the State Board of Education;

      (9) "One year" means one school year.

      (P.A. 78-218, S. 96; P.A. 85-613, S. 96, 154; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 20, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 3, 4, 34; P.A. 88-273, S. 1, 9; P.A. 90-325, S. 11, 32; P.A. 91-288, S. 2; P.A. 93-353, S. 14, 52.)

      History: P.A. 85-613 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 10-158a for reference to Sec. 10-159a; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 deleted the definition of "provisional certification period", added definitions for "initial educator certificate", "beginning education program", "provisional educator certificate", "professional educator certificate", and "temporary ninety-day certificate", and redefined "provisional teaching certificate" and "standard teaching certificate" to state that they be issued prior to July 1, 1988, and added that the years of teaching experience for a standard teaching certificate be school years; P.A. 87-499 redefined "professional educator certificate" in Subdiv. (7) to provide that a person may have taught in an approved nonpublic school and to eliminate the requirement that the thirty semester hours be "teaching-related" and redefined "temporary ninety-day certificate" in Subdiv. (8) by adding "on or after July 1, 1988" and by referring to Sec. 10-145b rather than listing the requirements for the certificate; P.A. 88-273 substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988, as the date before which provisional and standard teaching certificates are issued and after which initial, provisional and professional educator certificates are issued, added provisions re the reissuance of temporary ninety-day certificates and made a technical change; P.A. 90-325 in Subdiv. (5) added Subpara. (c) re issuance of a provisional educator certificate to persons who have taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding application for a provisional educator certificate; P.A. 91-288 in Subdiv. (7) substituted ninety hours of continuing education for nine continuing education units; P.A. 93-353 amended Subdiv. (5) defining "provisional educator certificate" to clarify that the requirement for passage of the beginning educator program only applies if such a program is available for the person's certification endorsement area, effective July 1, 1993.

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 289, 290.

      Subdiv. (2):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 290.

      Subdiv. (5):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 290, 291.

      Subdiv. (7):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 290, 291.

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      Sec. 10-145. Certificate necessary to employment. Forfeiture for noncompliance. Substitute teachers. (a) No teacher, supervisor, administrator, special service staff member or school superintendent shall be employed in any of the schools of any local or regional board of education unless such person possesses an appropriate state certificate, nor shall any such person be entitled to any salary unless such person can produce such certificate dated previous to or the first day of employment; provided nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent the board of education from prescribing qualifications additional to those prescribed by the regulations of the State Board of Education and provided nothing herein contained shall be construed to prevent any local or regional board of education from contracting with a licensed drivers' school approved by the Commissioner of Motor Vehicles for the behind-the-wheel instruction of a driver instruction course, to be given by driving instructors licensed by the Department of Motor Vehicles. No person shall be employed in any of the schools of any local or regional board of education as a substitute teacher unless such person holds a bachelor's degree, provided the Commissioner of Education may waive such requirement for good cause upon the request of a superintendent of schools.

      (b) If the State Board of Education determines that a local or regional board of education is not in compliance with any provision of sections 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, and section 10-220a, the State Board of Education may require the local or regional board of education to forfeit of the total sum which is paid to such board of education from the State Treasury an amount to be determined by the State Board of Education, which amount shall be not less than one thousand dollars nor more than ten thousand dollars. The amount so forfeited shall be withheld from a grant payment, as determined by the commissioner, during the fiscal year following the fiscal year in which noncompliance is determined pursuant to this subsection. Notwithstanding the penalty provision of this section, the State Board of Education may waive such forfeiture if the board determines that the failure of the local or regional board of education to comply with such a provision was due to circumstances beyond its control.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1432; 1961, P.A. 517, S. 116; 1971, P.A. 456, S. 5; P.A. 78-218, S. 93; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 21, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 5, 34; P.A. 89-137, S. 1, 14; P.A. 93-353, S. 49, 52.)

      History: 1961 act added regional district; 1971 act added proviso for contracts with licensed drivers' schools; P.A. 78-218 deleted reference to "supervising agents", substituted "local or regional board of education" for "town or regional district" and made technical changes; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 required administrators to have state certificates, substituted "employment" for "the opening of school" re dating of certificates and deleted provision that certificates in force July 1, 1935, are valid and renewable; P.A. 87-499 deleted principal and added special service staff member to list of persons to whom the section applies and added that the certificate may be dated the first day of employment; P.A. 89-137 added Subsec. (a) designation and new Subsec. (b) re forfeiture of funds by local and regional boards of education for noncompliance with certain statutes; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (a) to add the requirement that a substitute teacher hold a bachelor's degree unless such requirement is waived, effective July 1, 1993; (Revisor's note: In 1997 references throughout the general statutes to "Motor Vehicle(s) Commissioner" and "Motor Vehicle(s) Department" were replaced editorially by the Revisors with "Commissioner of Motor Vehicles" or "Department of Motor Vehicles", as the case may be, for consistency with customary statutory usage).

      Cited. 96 C. 720. See note to section 10-22. Certificate to teach or as superintendent is not "appropriate" certificate for principal or vice principal; certificate issued under old law continues valid even for new employee so far as it is appropriate for position; "new" teacher includes one formerly employed who has definitely severed connection with the schools. 123 C. 515. Cited. 138 C. 280; 152 C. 151. Teacher employed without an appropriate state certificate is illegally employed and cannot obtain tenure during this period. 167 C. 444. Cited. 177 C. 68, 73, 74. Cited. 200 C. 21, 22, 25, 26, 28-30. Cited. 210 C. 286, 289, 295, 301. Cited. 221 C. 549, 568. Cited. 240 C. 119.

      Cited. 5 CA 253, 266. Cited. 32 CA 6, 11.

      Prevention of the issuance of a certificate by malicious or false representations is a legal wrong. 14 CS 28.

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      Sec. 10-145a. (Formerly Sec. 10-146). Certificates of qualification. Specific components of teacher preparation programs. (a) The State Board of Education may, in accordance with section 10-19 and such regulations and qualifications as it prescribes, issue certificates of qualification to teach, to administer, to supervise or to serve in other positions requiring certification pursuant to regulations adopted by the State Board of Education in any public school in the state and may revoke the same. Any such regulations shall provide that the qualifications to maintain any administrator, supervisor or special service certificate shall incorporate the continuing education provisions of subsection (l) of section 10-145b. The certificates of qualification issued under this section shall be accepted by boards of education in lieu of any other certificate, provided additional qualifications may be required by a board of education, in which case the state certificate shall be accepted for such subjects as it includes.

      (b) Any candidate in a program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall be encouraged to successfully complete an intergroup relations component of such a program which shall be developed with the participation of both sexes, and persons of various ethnic, cultural and economic backgrounds. Such intergroup relations program shall have the following objectives: (1) The imparting of an appreciation of the contributions to American civilization of the various ethnic, cultural and economic groups composing American society and an understanding of the life styles of such groups; (2) the counteracting of biases, discrimination and prejudices; and (3) the assurance of respect for human diversity and personal rights. The State Board of Education, the Board of Governors of Higher Education, the Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities and the Permanent Commission on the Status of Women shall establish a joint committee composed of members of the four agencies, which shall develop and implement such programs in intergroup relations.

      (c) Any candidate in a program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall be encouraged to complete a (1) health component of such a program, which includes, but need not be limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, disease prevention and community and consumer health, and (2) mental health component of such a program, which includes, but need not be limited to, youth suicide, child abuse and alcohol and drug abuse.

      (d) Any candidate in a program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall be encouraged to complete a school violence prevention and conflict resolution component of such a program.

      (e) On and after July 1, 1998, any candidate in a program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall complete a computer and other information technology skills component of such program, as applied to student learning and classroom instruction, communications and data management.

      (f) On and after July 1, 2006, any program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall include, as part of the curriculum, instruction in literacy skills and processes that reflects current research and best practices in the field of literacy training. Such instruction shall be incorporated into requirements of student major and concentration.

      (g) On and after July 1, 2006, any program of teacher preparation leading to professional certification shall include, as part of the curriculum, instruction in the concepts of second language learning and second language acquisition and processes that reflects current research and best practices in the field of second language learning and second language acquisition. Such instruction shall be incorporated into requirements of student major and concentration.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1433; February, 1965, P.A. 140, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 555, S. 62; 1969, P.A. 753, S. 34; 1971, P.A. 370, S. 3; 1972, P.A. 204, S. 1, 2; P.A. 73-632, S. 1, 5; P.A. 74-331, S. 1, 7; P.A. 75-372, S. 3; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; P.A. 78-218, S. 94, 95, 212; P.A. 80-405, S. 3, 4; P.A. 82-218, S. 37, 46; P.A. 84-241, S. 2, 5; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 22, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 6, 34; P.A. 89-168, S. 3; P.A. 94-221, S. 4; P.A. 95-259, S. 13, 32; P.A. 96-244, S. 52, 63; P.A. 04-75, S. 1; 04-227, S. 2.)

      History: 1965 act required passing of hygiene examination for certification to teach grades above the fifth rather than the third grade and included as part of hygiene knowledge the effects of alcohol and narcotics on personality development; 1967 act replaced "narcotics" with "controlled drugs"; 1969 act included in hygiene knowledge of the effects of nicotine or tobacco and made provision for the necessary training of teachers and guidance personnel; 1971 act required passing of hygiene examination for all certifications to teach not just for those above the fifth grade and included administrators in training provision; 1972 act added Subsec. (a) defining "equivalency", "alternate" and "internship", made former provisions Subsec. (b) and added provisions concerning internships for certification and equivalencies or alternates to present certification requirements; P.A. 73-632 deleted provisions added to Subsec. (b) in 1972, dropped provision allowing exemption from hygiene examination, required passing of hygiene examination for supervisor's certificate as well as for teaching certificate and referred to "drugs" rather than "controlled drugs", deleting specific effects and provision for training programs; P.A. 74-331 amended Subsec. (a) to extend applicability to entire chapter, to substitute "equivalent" for "equivalency", to delete definitions of "alternate" and "internship" and to add definitions of "provisional certification period", "provisional teaching certificate", "standard teaching certificate" and "one year" and amended Subsec. (b) to reflect recognition of the two different types of certificates; Sec. 10-146 was transferred to Sec. 10-145a in 1975; P.A. 75-372 added Subsec. (c) re intergroup relations programs; P.A. 77-573 replaced commission for higher education with board of higher education; P.A. 78-218 deleted Subsec. (a), relettering remaining subsections accordingly, and amended Subsec. (b), formerly (c), to delete references to July 1, 1977, and to July 1, 1976, and to delete reference to advisory board on state certification of teachers as an agency involved in developing intergroup relations programs; P.A. 80-405 required development of intergroup programs with participation of both sexes and included permanent commission on the status of women as an agency involved in developing such programs; P.A. 82-218 replaced board of higher education with board of governors pursuant to reorganization of higher education system, effective March 1, 1983; P.A. 84-241 added "of higher education" to board of governors' title; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 in Subsec. (a) substituted "issue" for "grant", provided for certificates to administer, added provisions re regulations re administrator and supervisor certificates, deleted requirement re examination in hygiene and the effects of nicotine or tobacco, alcohol and drugs; P.A. 87-499 in Subsec. (a) provided that the state board of education may issue certificates to serve in positions requiring certification pursuant to regulations and that regulations shall provide that qualifications to maintain any special service certificate incorporate continuing education provisions; P.A. 89-168 added a new Subsec. (c) re the mental health component in a program of teacher preparation; P.A. 94-221 added Subsec. (d) re school violence prevention and conflict resolution as component of teacher preparation programs; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (c) to add Subdiv. (1) re health component, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 96-244 added Subsec. (e) requiring teacher candidate programs to provide training in computer and other information technology skills, effective June 6, 1996; P.A. 04-75 added Subsec. (f) requiring teacher training programs to provide instruction in literacy skills, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-227 added Subsec. (g) requiring teacher training programs to provide instruction in second language learning and acquisition, effective July 1, 2004.

      See Sec. 10-19 re teaching of courses on effect of alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs.

      See Sec. 10-226f re coordinator of intergroup relations.

      See Sec. 10-226g re intergroup relations training for teachers.

      Cited. 138 C. 280; 152 C. 151.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 289.

      Subsec. (b):

      Teacher's contract of employment over two five-year periods terminated on his failure to obtain the standard certificate. Renewal of his employment thereafter was illegal. 167 C. 444.

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      Sec. 10-145b. Teaching certificates. (a) The State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue an initial educator certificate to any person who has graduated (1) from a four-year baccalaureate program of teacher education as approved by said state board, or (2) from a four-year baccalaureate program approved by said state board or from a college or university accredited by the board of governors or regionally accredited, provided such person has taken such teacher training equivalents as the State Board of Education shall require and, unless such equivalents are taken at institutions outside of this state, as the board of governors shall accredit. In addition, on and after July 1, 1993, each applicant shall have completed a subject area major as defined by the State Board of Education. Each such initial educator certificate shall be valid for three years, except as provided in subsection (c) of this section, and may be extended by the Commissioner of Education for an additional year for good cause upon the request of the superintendent in whose school district such person is employed or upon the request of the assessment team reviewing such person's performance.

      (b) During the period of employment in a public school, a person holding an initial educator certificate shall (1) be under the supervision of the superintendent of schools or of a principal, administrator or supervisor designated by such superintendent who shall regularly observe, guide and evaluate the performance of assigned duties by such holder of an initial certificate, and (2) participate in a beginning educator program if there is such a program for such person's certification endorsement area.

      (c) (1) The State Board of Education, upon request of a local or regional board of education, shall issue a temporary ninety-day certificate to any applicant in the certification endorsement areas of elementary education, middle grades education, secondary academic subjects, special subjects or fields, special education and administration and supervision when the following conditions are met:

      (A) The employing agent of a board of education makes a written request for the issuance of such certificate and attests to the existence of a special plan for supervision of temporary ninety-day certificate holders;

      (B) The applicant meets the following requirements, except as otherwise provided in subparagraph (C) of this subdivision:

      (i) Holds a bachelor's degree from an institution of higher education accredited by the Board of Governors of Higher Education or regionally accredited with a major either in or closely related to the certification endorsement area in which the requesting board of education is placing the applicant or, in the case of secondary or special subject or field endorsement area, possesses at least the minimum total number of semester hours of credit required for the content area;

      (ii) Has met the requirements pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-145f;

      (iii) Presents a written application on such forms as the Commissioner of Education shall prescribe;

      (iv) Has successfully completed a program of classroom management and instructional methodology approved by the State Board of Education and, within available appropriations, provided under contract with an institution of higher education designated by the Department of Higher Education;

      (v) Possesses an undergraduate college overall grade point average of at least "B" or, if the applicant has completed at least twenty-four hours of graduate credit, possesses a graduate grade point average of at least "B"; and

      (vi) Presents supporting evidence of appropriate experience working with children; and

      (C) The Commissioner of Education may waive the requirements of subparagraphs (B)(v) or (B)(vi), or both, of this subdivision upon a showing of good cause.

      (2) A person serving under a temporary ninety-day certificate shall participate in a beginning support and assessment program pursuant to section 10-220a which is specifically designed by the state Department of Education for holders of temporary ninety-day certificates.

      (3) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section to the contrary, on and after July 1, 1989, the State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue an initial educator certificate, which shall be valid for three years, to any person who has taught successfully while holding a temporary ninety-day certificate and meets the requirements pursuant to regulations adopted pursuant to section 10-145d.

      (d) On and after July 1, 1986, and prior to July 1, 1989, a person who has graduated (1) from a four-year baccalaureate program of teacher education as approved by the state board, or (2) from a four-year baccalaureate program approved by the state board or from a college or university accredited by the Board of Governors of Higher Education or regionally accredited, provided such person has taken such teacher training equivalents as the State Board of Education shall require and, unless such equivalents are taken at institutions outside of this state, as the Board of Governors of Higher Education shall accredit, shall be issued upon proper application a provisional teaching certificate by the state board which shall be valid for up to ten years.

      (e) In order to be eligible to obtain a provisional teaching certificate, a provisional educator certificate or an initial educator certificate, each person shall be required to complete a course of study in special education comprised of not fewer than thirty-six hours, which shall include an understanding of the growth and development of exceptional children, including handicapped and gifted and talented children and children who may require special education, and methods for identifying, planning for and working effectively with special needs children in a regular classroom. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection to the contrary, each applicant for such certificates who has met all requirements for certification except the completion of the course in special education shall be entitled to a certificate (1) for a period not to exceed one year, provided the applicant completed a teacher preparation program either in the state prior to July 1, 1987, or outside the state, or completed the necessary combination of professional experience or coursework as required by the State Board of Education or (2) for a period not to exceed two years if the applicant applies for certification in an area for which a bachelor's degree is not required.

      (f) During the period of employment, a person holding a provisional teaching certificate pursuant to subsection (d) of this section shall be under the direct supervision of the superintendent of schools or of a principal, administrator or supervisor designated by such superintendent who shall regularly observe, guide and evaluate the performance of assigned duties by such holder of a provisional teaching certificate as well as cooperate with and counsel such holder in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-145a to 10-145d, inclusive, and 10-146b.

      (g) On and after July 1, 1989, the State Board of Education, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue a provisional educator certificate to any person who (1) has successfully completed a beginning educator program and one school year of successful teaching as attested to by the superintendent, or the superintendent's designee, in whose local or regional school district such person was employed, (2) has completed at least three years of successful teaching in a public or nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education or appropriate governing body in another state within ten years prior to application for such provisional educator certificate, as attested to by the superintendent, or the superintendent's designee, in whose school district such person was employed, or by the supervising agent of the nonpublic school in which such person was employed, and has met preparation and eligibility requirements for an initial educator certificate, (3) has taught successfully in public schools in this state for the 1988-1989 school year under a temporary emergency permit and has met the preparation and eligibility requirements for an initial educator certificate, or (4) has successfully taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding an application for a provisional educator certificate as an employee of a local or regional board of education or facility approved for special education by the State Board of Education.

      (h) Prior to July 1, 1989, to qualify for a standard certificate, a person who holds or has held a provisional teaching certificate pursuant to subsection (d) of this section shall have completed thirty credit hours of course work beyond the baccalaureate degree. Such course work need not necessarily lead to a master's degree and may include graduate or undergraduate courses. It shall consist of (1) a planned program at an institution of higher education accredited by the board of governors or regionally accredited or (2) an individual program which is mutually determined or approved by the teacher and the supervisory agent of the local or regional board of education or by the supervisory agent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education and which is designed to increase the ability of the teacher to improve student learning. Such an individual program may include course work taken at one or more institutions for higher education approved by the board of governors and may include in-service programs sponsored by local or regional boards of education or nonpublic schools approved by the State Board of Education. Such in-service programs shall have been approved by the joint subcommittee of the Board of Governors of Higher Education and the State Board of Education established pursuant to section 10-155b of the revision of 1958, revised to January 1, 1983.

      (i) Unless otherwise provided in regulations adopted under section 10-145d, in not less than three years nor more than ten years after the issuance of a provisional teaching certificate pursuant to subsection (d) of this section and upon the statement of the employing board of education or nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education that the person who holds or has held a provisional certificate has a record of competency in the discharge of his or her duties during such provisional period, the state board, upon receipt of a proper application, shall issue to a person who holds or has held a provisional certificate, a standard teaching certificate prior to July 1, 1989, and a professional educator certificate on or after said date. A signed recommendation from the superintendent of schools for the local or regional board of education or by the superintendent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education shall be evidence of competency. Such recommendation shall state that the person who holds or has held a provisional teaching certificate has successfully completed at least three school years of satisfactory teaching for one or more local or regional boards of education or approved nonpublic schools. Each applicant for a certificate pursuant to this subsection shall provide to the Department of Education, in such manner and form as prescribed by the commissioner, evidence that the applicant has successfully completed coursework pursuant to subsection (h) or (j) of this section, as appropriate. Any person holding a standard or permanent certificate on July 1, 1989, shall be eligible to receive upon application a professional educator certificate to replace said standard or permanent certificate. On and after July 1, 1989, standard and permanent certificates shall no longer be valid.

      (j) On or after July 1, 1989, to qualify for a professional educator certificate, a person who holds or has held a provisional educator certificate under subsection (g) of this section shall have completed thirty credit hours of course work beyond the baccalaureate degree. It is not necessary that such course work be taken for a master's degree and such work may include graduate or undergraduate courses. Such course work shall consist of (1) a planned program at an institution of higher education accredited by the board of governors or regionally accredited and shall be related directly to the subject areas or grade levels for which the person holds endorsement or shall be in an area or areas related to the person's ability to provide instruction effectively or to meet locally determined goals and objectives or (2) an individual program which is mutually determined or approved by the teacher and the supervisory agent of the local or regional board of education or by the supervisory agent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education. Such program shall be designed to increase the ability of the teacher to improve student learning.

      (k) (1) Unless otherwise provided in regulations adopted under section 10-145d, in not less than three years nor more than eight years after the issuance of a provisional educator certificate pursuant to subsection (g) of this section and upon the statement of the superintendent in whose school district such certificate holder was employed, or the supervisory agent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education, in whose school such certificate holder was employed, that the provisional educator certificate holder and such superintendent or supervisory agent have mutually determined or approved an individual program pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (j) of this section and upon the statement of such superintendent or supervisory agent that such certificate holder has a record of competency in the discharge of such certificate holder's duties during such provisional period, the state board upon receipt of a proper application shall issue such certificate holder a professional educator certificate. A signed recommendation from the superintendent of schools, or the superintendent's designee, for the local or regional board of education or from the supervisory agent of a nonpublic school approved by the State Board of Education shall be evidence of competency. Such recommendation shall state that the person who holds or has held a provisional educator certificate has successfully completed at least three school years of satisfactory teaching for one or more local or regional boards of education or such nonpublic schools. Each applicant for a certificate pursuant to this subsection shall provide to the Department of Education, in such manner and form as prescribed by the commissioner, evidence that the applicant has successfully completed coursework pursuant to subsection (h) or (j) of this section, as appropriate.

      (2) Upon receipt of a proper application, the State Board of Education shall issue to a teacher from another state, territory or possession of the United States or the District of Columbia or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico who (A) is nationally board certified by an organization deemed appropriate by the Commissioner of Education to issue such certifications, and (B) has taught in another state, territory or possession of the United States or the District of Columbia or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico for a minimum of three years in the preceding ten years (i) a provisional educator certificate with the appropriate endorsement, or (ii) if such teacher has completed thirty credit hours of coursework beyond the baccalaureate degree, in accordance with subdivision (1) of subsection (j) of this section, a professional educator certificate with the appropriate endorsement, subject to the provisions of subsection (m) of this section relating to denial of applications for certification.

      (l) (1) For certified employees of local and regional boards of education, except as provided in this subdivision, each professional educator certificate shall be valid for five years and continued every five years thereafter upon the successful completion of professional development activities which shall consist of not less than ninety hours of continuing education, as determined by the local or regional board of education in accordance with this section, or documented completion of a national board certification assessment in the appropriate endorsement area, during each successive five-year period. (A) Such continuing education completed by certified employees with an early childhood nursery through grade three or an elementary endorsement who hold a position requiring such an endorsement shall include at least fifteen hours of training in the teaching of reading and reading readiness and assessment of reading performance, including methods of teaching language skills necessary for reading, reading comprehension skills, phonics and the structure of the English language during each five-year period. (B) Such continuing education requirement completed by certified employees with elementary, middle grades or secondary academic endorsements who hold a position requiring such an endorsement shall include at least fifteen hours of training in the use of computers in the classroom during each five-year period unless such employees are able to demonstrate technology competency, in a manner determined by their local or regional board of education, based on state-wide standards for teacher competency in the use of technology for instructional purposes adopted pursuant to section 4d-85. (C) Such continuing education completed by (i) the superintendent of schools, and (ii) employees employed in positions requiring an intermediate administrator or supervisory certificate, or the equivalent thereof, and whose administrative or supervisory duties equal at least fifty per cent of their assigned time, shall include at least fifteen hours of training in the evaluation of teachers pursuant to section 10-151b during each five-year period. (D) In the case of certified employees with a bilingual education endorsement who hold positions requiring such an endorsement (i) in an elementary school and who do not hold an endorsement in elementary education, such continuing education taken on or after July 1, 1999, shall only count toward the ninety-hour requirement if it is in language arts, reading and mathematics, and (ii) in a middle or secondary school and who do not hold an endorsement in the subject area they teach, such continuing education taken on or after July 1, 1999, shall only count toward the ninety-hour requirement if it is in such subject area or areas. During each five-year period in which a professional educator certificate is valid, a holder of such certificate who has not completed the ninety hours of continuing education required pursuant to this subdivision, and who has not been employed while holding such certificate by a local or regional board of education for all or part of the five-year period, shall, upon application, be reissued such certificate for five years minus any period of time such holder was employed while holding such certificate by a local or regional board of education, provided there shall be only one such reissuance during each five-year period in which such certificate is valid. A certified employee of a local or regional board of education who is a member of the General Assembly and who has not completed the ninety hours of continuing education required pursuant to this subdivision for continuation of a certificate, upon application, shall be reissued a professional educator certificate for a period of time equal to six months for each year the employee served in the General Assembly during the previous five years. Continuing education hours completed during the previous five years shall be applied toward such ninety-hour requirement which shall be completed during the reissuance period in order for such employee to be eligible to have a certificate continued. The cost of the professional development activities required under this subsection for certified employees of local or regional boards of education shall be shared by the state and local or regional boards of education, except for those activities identified by the State Board of Education as the responsibility of the certificate holder. Each local and regional board of education shall make available, annually, at no cost to its certified employees not fewer than eighteen hours of professional development activities for continuing education credit. Such activities may be made available by a board of education directly, through a regional educational service center or cooperative arrangement with another board of education or through arrangements with any continuing education provider approved by the State Board of Education. Local and regional boards of education shall grant continuing education credit for professional development activities which the certified employees of the board of education are required to attend, professional development activities offered in accordance with the plan developed pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-220a, or professional development activities which the board may approve for any individual certified employee. Each board of education shall determine the specific professional development activities to be made available with the advice and assistance of the teachers employed by such board, including representatives of the exclusive bargaining unit for such teachers pursuant to section 10-153b. The time and location for the provision of such activities shall be in accordance with either an agreement between the board of education and the exclusive bargaining unit pursuant to said section 10-153b or, in the absence of such agreement or to the extent such agreement does not provide for the time and location of all such activities, in accordance with a determination by the board of education.

      (2) Each local and regional board of education shall attest to the state Department of Education, in such form and at such time as the commissioner shall prescribe, that professional development activities for which continuing education credit is granted by the board: (A) Are planned in response to identified needs, (B) are provided by qualified instructional personnel, as appropriate, (C) have the requirements for participation in the activity shared with participants before the commencement of the activity, (D) are evaluated in terms of its effectiveness and its contribution to the attainment of school or district-wide goals, and (E) are documented in accordance with procedures established by the State Board of Education. At the end of each five-year period each professional educator shall attest to the state Department of Education, in such form and at such time as the commissioner shall prescribe, that the professional educator has successfully completed ninety hours of continuing education.

      (3) In the event that the state Department of Education notifies the local or regional board of education that the provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection have not been met and that specific corrective action is necessary, the local or regional board of education shall take such corrective action immediately. The department shall not invalidate continuing education credit awarded prior to such notice.

      (m) (1) The State Board of Education may revoke any certificate, authorization or permit issued pursuant to sections 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, for any of the following reasons: (A) The holder of the certificate, authorization or permit obtained such certificate, authorization or permit through fraud or misrepresentation of a material fact; (B) the holder has persistently neglected to perform the duties for which the certificate, authorization or permit was granted; (C) the holder is professionally unfit to perform the duties for which the certificate, authorization or permit was granted; (D) the holder is convicted in a court of law of a crime involving moral turpitude or of any other crime of such nature that in the opinion of the board continued holding of a certificate, authorization or permit by the person would impair the standing of certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the board; or (E) other due and sufficient cause. The State Board of Education shall revoke any certificate, authorization or permit issued pursuant to said sections if the holder is found to have intentionally disclosed specific questions or answers to students or otherwise improperly breached the security of any administration of a state-wide examination pursuant to section 10-14n. In any revocation proceeding pursuant to this section, the State Board of Education shall have the burden of establishing the reason for such revocation by a preponderance of the evidence. Revocation shall be in accordance with procedures established by the State Board of Education pursuant to chapter 54.

      (2) When the Commissioner of Education is notified, pursuant to section 10-149a or 17a-101i that a person holding a certificate, authorization or permit issued by the State Board of Education under the provisions of sections 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, has been convicted of (A) a capital felony, pursuant to section 53a-54b, (B) arson murder, pursuant to section 53a-54d, (C) a class A felony, (D) a class B felony, except a violation of section 53a-122, 53a-252 or 53a-291, (E) a crime involving an act of child abuse or neglect as described in section 46b-120, or (F) a violation of section 53-21, 53-37a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-71, 53a-72a, 53a-72b, 53a-73a, 53a-88, 53a-99, 53a-103a, 53a-181c, 53a-191, 53a-196, 53a-196c, 53a-216, 53a-217b or 21a-278 or subsection (a) of section 21a-277, any certificate, permit or authorization issued by the State Board of Education and held by such person shall be deemed revoked and the commissioner shall notify such person of such revocation, provided such person may request reconsideration pursuant to regulations adopted by the State Board of Education, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54.

      (3) The State Board of Education may deny an application for a certificate, authorization or permit for any of the following reasons: (A) The applicant seeks to obtain a certificate, authorization or permit through fraud or misrepresentation of a material fact; (B) the applicant has been convicted in a court of law of a crime involving moral turpitude or of any other crime of such nature that in the opinion of the board issuance of a certificate, authorization or permit would impair the standing of certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the board; or (C) other due and sufficient cause. Any applicant denied a certificate, authorization or permit shall be notified in writing of the reasons for denial. Any applicant denied a certificate, authorization or permit may request a review of such denial by the State Board of Education.

      (n) Within thirty days after receipt of notification, any initial educator certificate holder who is not granted a provisional educator certificate, or any provisional certificate holder who is not granted a standard certificate, or any provisional educator or provisional teaching certificate holder who is not granted a professional educator certificate, or any professional educator certificate holder who is not granted a continuation, under the provisions of sections 10-145a to 10-145d, inclusive, and 10-146b, may appeal to the State Board of Education for reconsideration. Said board shall review the records of the appropriate certification period, hold a hearing within sixty days if such hearing is requested in writing and render a written decision within thirty days. Any teacher aggrieved by the decision of said board may appeal therefrom in accordance with the provisions of section 4-183 and such appeal shall be privileged with respect to assignment thereof.

      (o) For the purposes of this section "supervisory agent" means the superintendent of schools or the principal, administrator or supervisor designated by such superintendent to provide direct supervision to a provisional certificate holder.

      (p) Upon application to the State Board of Education for the issuance of any certificate in accordance with this section and section 10-145d there shall be paid to the board by or on behalf of the applicant a nonreturnable fee of one hundred dollars in the case of an applicant for an initial educator certificate, two hundred dollars in the case of an applicant for a provisional educator certificate and three hundred dollars in the case of an applicant for a professional educator certificate, except that applicants for certificates for teaching adult education programs mandated under subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 10-69 shall pay a fee of fifty dollars; persons eligible for a certificate or endorsement for which the fee is less than that applied for shall receive an appropriate refund; persons not eligible for any certificate shall receive a refund of the application fee minus fifty dollars; and persons holding standard or permanent certificates on July 1, 1989, who apply for professional certificates to replace the standard or permanent certificates, shall not be required to pay such a fee. Upon application to the State Board of Education for the issuance of a subject area endorsement there shall be paid to the board by or on behalf of such applicant a nonreturnable fee of fifty dollars. With each request for a duplicate copy of any such certificate or endorsement there shall be paid to the board a nonreturnable fee of twenty-five dollars.

      (P.A. 74-331, S. 2, 7; P.A. 76-373, S. 1, 2; 76-436, S. 470, 681; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; 77-603, S. 8, 125; P.A. 78-218, S. 97, 212; P.A. 82-218, S. 37, 46; P.A. 83-134, S. 1, 2; 83-587, S. 13, 96; P.A. 84-241, S. 2, 5; 84-298, S. 1, 2; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 23, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 7, 34; P.A. 88-273, S. 2, 9; 88-360, S. 14-18, 63; P.A. 89-137, S. 2-5, 11, 12, 14; 89-251, S. 67, 203; P.A. 90-230, S. 78, 101; 90-325, S. 1, 14, 15; P.A. 91-208, S. 1, 11; 91-288, S. 1; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6, S. 1, 2, 117; P.A. 93-70, S. 1, 2; 93-353, S. 15-18, 52; P.A. 94-221, S. 20; P.A. 95-58, S. 1, 4; 95-259, S. 14, 32; P.A. 96-244, S. 11, 12, 63; 96-246, S. 15; P.A. 98-243, S. 15, 25; 98-252, S. 37, 44, 80; P.A. 99-211, S. 9, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 7, 43; P.A. 01-173, S. 15, 53, 67; P.A. 02-106, S. 5, 6, 8; P.A. 03-76, S. 44; P.A. 04-138, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 76-373 added Subsec. (g) re fees for teaching certificates; P.A. 76-436 amended Subsec. (e) to replace court of common pleas with superior court and to specify county or judicial district of residence, effective July 1, 1978; P.A. 77-573 substituted board of higher education for commission for higher education; P.A. 77-603 amended appeal provisions in Subsec. (e) to provide that appeals be in accordance with Sec. 4-183; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" and "board of education" for "school district" throughout section, made reasons for revocation new Subsec. (e), removing them from Subsec. (d), and relettered former Subsecs. (e) to (g) accordingly; P.A. 82-218 replaced board of higher education with board of governors pursuant to reorganization of higher education system, effective March 1, 1983; P.A. 83-134 amended Subsec. (e) to clarify authority of board to revoke provisional certification; P.A. 83-587 made a technical amendment to Subsec. (c), replacing board of higher education with board of governors; P.A. 84-241 added "of higher education" to board of governors' title; P.A. 84-298 inserted new Subsec. (b) which requires candidates for certification to satisfactorily complete a course in special education and requires state board of education to report to the education committee upon the adoption of certification regulations requiring completion of a special education course and relettered subsequent Subsecs. accordingly; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 made provisions for initial educator, temporary ninety-day, provisional educator and professional educator certificates; made standard and permanent certificates invalid after July 1, 1988; deleted description of what may be included in an individual program for a standard certificate and requirement re final years prior to eligibility for a standard certificate, and made other technical changes; P.A. 87-499 in Subsec. (a) delayed, from July 1, 1990, to July 1, 1992, the requirement that applicants for initial educator certificates have completed a subject area major; in Subsec. (c) provided that the requirements re temporary ninety-day certificates and the issuance of initial educator certificates to the holders of such temporary certificates be in regulation rather than in the subsection that the temporary certificates not be issued until July 1, 1988; in Subsec. (e) clarified that the completion of a special education course is a prerequisite to obtaining provisional teaching and initial educator certificates; in Subsec. (g) added to the requirements for a provisional educator certificate that the person have met the requirements for an initial educator certificate and that the person may have taught for at least one year in the state; in Subsec. (h) described what may be included in an individual program; in Subsecs. (i) and (k) provided that other requirements may be provided in regulation; in Subsec (k) added that the person may have taught in a nonpublic school; in Subsec. (p) provided exceptions to the fee requirement; changed "holder" to "person who holds or has held" and made technical changes; P.A. 88-273 in Subsecs. (a), (c), (g), (i) and (j) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988, as the date after which initial, provisional and professional educator certificates are issued; in Subsecs. (d), (h) and (i) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988, as the date before which provisional and standard teaching certificates are issued; in Subsec. (a) substituted July 1, 1993, for July 1, 1992, as the date after which applicants for initial educator certificates shall have completed a subject area major; in Subsec. (c) added Subdiv. descriptions and in new subdivision substituted a description of the conditions which must be met for the issuance of a temporary ninety-day certificate for the provision that such a certificate be issued pursuant to regulations and added new Subdiv. (2) re participation in a beginning support and assessment program; in Subsec. (l) added Subdiv. designations and provided that continuing education units or their equivalent be determined by local or regional boards of education rather than defined by the state board of education and that commencing July 1, 1989, local and regional boards of education make not fewer than eighteen hours of professional development activities available at no cost and in accordance with the subsection; and in Subsec. (p) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (e) made the requirements of the Subsec. apply to eligibility for a provisional educator certificate, specified that the required course be a course of study comprised of not fewer than thirty-six hours and provided exceptions to the requirements of the subsection, in Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (g) substituted having taught "for the 1988-1989 school year under a temporary emergency permit" for having taught "for a period of at least one year", in Subsec. (m) added provisions for the denial of an application for certification, made Subsec. (p) apply upon applications for the issuance of any certificate in accordance with Sec. 10-145d and added Subsec. (q) re the reissuance of provisional teaching and provisional educator certificates; P.A. 89-137 in Subsec. (a) provided an exception to the requirement that initial educator certificates be valid for one year of employment, in Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (c) provided that an initial educator certificate issued to a person who has taught while holding a temporary ninety-day certificate be valid for one and one-half years and be nonrenewable, in Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (e) made applicants who have not completed the course in special education and who held temporary ninety-day certificates within one year of application for provisional educator or initial educator certificates eligible for certificates for periods not to exceed two years, in Subsec. (i) provided that the statement of a record of competency may be from an approved nonpublic school and that evidence of the completion of certain course work be provided to the department of education by the applicant rather than by the employing board of education, in Subsec. (k) provided that the statement of a record of competency may be from the superintendent of an approved nonpublic school, that there be a statement from the superintendent that the certificate holder and the superintendent have mutually determined or approved an individual program and that evidence of certain course work be provided to the department of education by the applicant rather than by the superintendent and in Subsec. (m) expanded the types of certificates which the state board of education has the authority to revoke to those issued pursuant to Secs. 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, and made a technical change; P.A. 89-251 increased fee for a certificate from fifteen dollars to eighteen dollars and for a duplicate from five dollars to six dollars; P.A. 90-230 made a technical correction in Subsec. (k); P.A. 90-325 in Subsec. (a) provided that the board of governors of higher education not have to accredit teacher training equivalents taken out of state, in Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (c) deleted provisions that the one and one-half years that an initial educator certificate issued pursuant to the subdivision is valid begins on the date of issuance and that such a certificate be nonrenewable and in Subsec. (g) added Subdiv. (4) re issuance of a provisional educator certificate to a person who has taught with a provisional teaching certificate for the year immediately preceding an application for a provisional educator certificate; P.A. 91-208 in Subparagraph (B) (iv) of Subsec. (c) deleted reference to program developed through institute for effective teaching and substituted reference to program provided under contract with institution designated by higher education department; P.A. 91-288 in Subsec. (l) changed the requirement from nine continuing education units to ninety hours of continuing education, added the provisions concerning members of the general assembly, added language requiring boards of education to grant credit for activities offered in accordance with the plan developed pursuant to Sec. 10-220a or activities which the board approves for any individual certified employee, added in Subdiv. (2) evaluation of activities in terms of contribution to school goals and provision for each educator to attest to the state department of education that continuing education hours have been completed; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for a certificate of eligibility and Subsec. (p) to establish specific fees for certificate of eligibility, initial educator certificate, provisional educator certificate, professional educator certificate, and to provide exceptions for applicants for certificates for teaching adult education programs and other exceptions and provide a fee for issuance of a subject area endorsement; (Revisor's note: In 1993 obsolete references to "subsection (a) of section 10-146f" in Subsecs. (f) and (n) were deleted editorially by the Revisors since Sec. 10-146f is repealed); P.A. 93-70 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (l) to add the provision concerning reissuance of certificate for unemployed teachers who have not completed required continuing education and made technical changes, effective May 10, 1993; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provision tying the validity and extension of the initial educator certificate to employment in a public school and made technical changes, amended Subsec. (b) to clarify that participation in a beginning educator program is required only if there is such a program for such person's certification endorsement area, amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (c) to add the certification endorsement areas of middle grades education and administration and supervision, and to remove obsolete language and amended Subsec. (e) to delete the exception in Subdiv. (2) for applicants who hold a temporary ninety-day certificate or held such certificate within one year of application for a provisional educator or initial educator certificate, to remove a report to the general assembly on the adoption of regulations containing the provisions of Subsec. (c) and to remove obsolete language, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-221 amended Subsec. (m) to provide for the automatic revocation of certificates issued by the State Board of Education for persons convicted of crimes involving child abuse or violations of Sec. 53a-71 or 53a-73a, to require the commissioner to notify such persons of the revocation and to allow such persons to request reconsideration; P.A. 95-58 amended Subsec. (l) to add requirement for superintendents and certain administrators to complete training in the evaluation of teachers, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (m) to require the revocation of any certificate if the holder intentionally discloses information on or breaches the security of the examination pursuant to Sec. 10-14n, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (a) to increase the period of validity for an initial educator certificate from "one" to "two" years and amended Subsec. (c)(3) to increase the period of validity for an initial educator certificate from "one and one-half" to "two" years, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-246 amended Subsec. (m) by changing reference to Subsec. (f) of Sec. 17a-101 to Sec. 17a-101i; P.A. 98-243 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (l) to add new Subpara. (A) re requirement for training in the teaching of reading for certain certified employees and redesignated existing Subparas. (A) and (B) as Subpara. (B) (i) and (B) (ii), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provision for the issuance of a certificate of eligibility, amended Subsec. (a) and Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (c) to make the initial educator certificate valid for three years instead of two years, amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (l) to add requirement for continuing education for certain employees to include at least fifteen hours of training in the use of computers in the classroom, and amended Subsec. (p) by deleting provision re certificate of eligibility, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-211 amended Subsec. (l)(l) to add Subpara. (D) re certified employees with bilingual education endorsements, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (m) to require the State Board of Education in any revocation proceeding to establish the reason for the revocation by a preponderance of the evidence, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (l)(1) to allow completion of a national board certification assessment to meet the requirement for continuing education, to expand the requirement for training in the use of computers to cover secondary school teachers and add provision re demonstration of technology competence and to make technical changes for the purposes of gender neutrality, and amended Subsec. (m) to apply the provisions to authorizations and permits, to expand the crimes for which conviction results in a person's certificate, authorization or permit being deemed revoked, to redesignate existing Subdivs. (1) to (5) as Subparas. (A) to (E) of Subdiv. (1) and to divide provisions into new Subdivs. (1) to (3), effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 02-106 amended Subsec. (g) by adding reference to superintendent's designee in Subdiv. (1), by adding provisions re attestation in Subdiv. (2) and by making a technical change and amended Subsec. (k) by adding references to supervisory agent and superintendent's designee and by making a technical change for purposes of gender neutrality, effective July 1, 2002, and amended Subsec. (m)(2) by adding reference to Sec. 10-149a; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes in Subsec. (l)(1)(C), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-138 amended Subsec. (k) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re certification of teachers who are nationally board certified, effective July 1, 2004.

      See Sec. 17a-101 re certification revocation upon conviction of a crime involving an act of child abuse.

      Cited. 238 C. 1. Cited. 240 C. 119.

      Subsec. (c):

      Subdiv. (1) cited. 240 C. 119.

      Subsec. (i):

      Statute constitutional as applied to holding of standard or permanent certificates. 210 C. 286-288, 291, 293, 296, 301-303.

      Subsec. (l):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 291. Subdiv. (1) cited. Id., 286, 291, 292.

      Subsec. (m):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 290, 295, 297. Cited. 221 C. 549, 567.

      Subdiv. (3) cited. 45 CA 476. Subdiv. (5) cited. Id.

      Subsec. (n):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 292.

      Subsec. (p):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 292.

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      Sec. 10-145c. Election of persons certified provisionally before July 1, 1974. Section 10-145c is repealed, effective July 1, 1993.

      (P.A. 74-331, S. 3, 7; P.A. 93-353, S. 51, 52.)

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      Sec. 10-145d. State board regulations for teacher certificates. Certification of school business administrators; membership in teachers' retirement system; applicability of teacher tenure law. Certification of computer science teachers. Endorsement to teach elementary education and comprehensive special education. Teaching experience in birth-to-three programs. (a) The State Board of Education shall, pursuant to chapter 54, adopt such regulations as may be necessary to carry out the provisions of sections 10-144o, 10-145a to 10-145d, inclusive, 10-145f and 10-146b. Such regulations shall provide for (1) the establishment of an appeal panel to review any decision to deny the issuance of a certificate authorized under said section 10-145b; (2) the establishment of requirements for subject area endorsements; (3) the extension of the time to complete requirements for certificates under said section 10-145b; (4) the establishment of requirements for administrator and supervisor certificates; (5) the composition of, and the procedures to be utilized by, the assessment teams in implementing the beginning educator program; (6) procedures and criteria for issuing certificates to persons whose certificates have lapsed or persons with non-public-school or out-of-state teaching experience; (7) the criteria for defining a major course of study; (8) a requirement that on and after July 1, 1993, in order to be eligible to obtain an initial educator certificate with an elementary endorsement, each person be required to complete a survey course in United States history comprised of not fewer than three semester hours; and (9) a requirement that on and after July 1, 2004, in order to be eligible to obtain an initial educator certificate with an early childhood nursery through grade three or an elementary endorsement, each person be required to complete a comprehensive reading instruction course comprised of not less than six semester hours. Such regulations may provide for exceptions to accommodate specific certification endorsement areas.

      (b) The State Board of Education shall, pursuant to chapter 54, adopt regulations to provide standards for the certification of school business administrators. Such regulations shall make provision for certification requirements to be met by either (1) completion of prescribed courses of study or (2) such other experience as the state board shall deem appropriate for the position of school business administrator. Any person serving in the position of school business administrator on July 1, 1983, shall be considered as having met all requirements for certification. The regulations shall also contain standards to certify individuals who hold certification from a state other than Connecticut.

      (c) Any individual certified as a school business administrator after July 1, 1983, pursuant to regulations adopted by the State Board of Education in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section shall not be deemed to be eligible for membership in the teachers' retirement system solely by reason of such certification, provided any such individual who holds a regular teacher's certificate issued by the State Board of Education shall not be excluded from membership in said system.

      (d) Any individual certified as a school business administrator pursuant to regulations adopted by the state board in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, shall not be deemed to be included in the definition of "teacher" in subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-151 solely by reason of such certification, provided any such individual who holds a regular teacher's certificate issued by the State Board of Education and is employed as a teacher, principal, supervisor or school superintendent shall not be excluded from such definition.

      (e) The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with chapter 54, to provide standards for the certification of computer science teachers. Such regulations shall make provision for certification requirements to be met by either (1) completion of prescribed courses of study, or (2) such other experience as the state board shall deem appropriate.

      (f) An endorsement to teach elementary education grades one to six, inclusive, shall be valid for grades kindergarten to six, inclusive, and an endorsement to teach comprehensive special education grades one to twelve, inclusive, shall be valid for grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive.

      (g) For the purposes of issuance of certificates, permits and authorizations by the State Board of Education under the provisions of sections 10-144o to 10-149, inclusive, teaching experience in approved nonpublic schools shall include teaching experience in birth-to-three programs approved by the Department of Mental Retardation.

      (P.A. 74-331, S. 6, 7; P.A. 83-423, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-255, S. 8, 21; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 24, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 8, 34; P.A. 89-237, S. 10, 11; P.A. 98-243, S. 14, 25; P.A. 00-187, S. 39, 75; P.A. 03-168, S. 3, 4; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 33.)

      History: P.A. 83-423 added Subsecs. (b) and (c) requiring state board to adopt regulations for the certification of school business administrators specifying that eligibility for membership in the teachers' retirement system shall not be based solely on such certification as a school business administrator; P.A. 84-255 added Subsec. (d) concerning applicability of teacher tenure law to individuals certified as school business administrators; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 in Subsec. (a) added Subdivs. (1) to (7), inclusive, re content of regulations; P.A. 87-499 in Subsec. (a) provided that the state board of education adopt regulations re certificate definitions and testing for prospective teachers and that it may, by regulation, provide for exceptions for specific certification endorsement areas; P.A. 89-237 in Subsec. (a) added new Subdiv. (8) requiring the completion of a survey course in United States history in order to be eligible to obtain certain initial educator certificates; (Revisor's note: In 1993 an obsolete reference in Subsec. (a) to "subsection (a) of section 10-146f" was deleted since Sec. 10-146f is repealed); P.A. 98-243 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change in Subdiv. (8) and add new Subdiv. (9) re requirement for comprehensive reading instruction course in order to be eligible to obtain certain initial educator certificates, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 00-187 added Subsec. (e) re certification of computer science teachers, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 03-168 amended Subsec. (a)(9) by substituting "July 1, 2004" for "July 1, 2003", effective July 1, 2003, and added new Subsec. (f) re endorsements to teach elementary education and comprehensive special education and new Subsec. (g) re experience in birth-to-three programs, effective June 26, 2003; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (f) by adding references to grades one to six and one to twelve, effective August 20, 2003.

      Cited. 240 C. 119.

      Cited. 5 CA 253, 270.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 210 C. 286, 289.

      Subsec. (d):

      Cited. 5 CA 253, 270.

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      Sec. 10-145e. Certification for occupational subjects. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, or of any special act or of the regulations promulgated by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-145d, to the contrary, any individual who, prior to July 1, 1977, was employed as an occupational instructor by a local or regional board of education or the State Board of Education and who held an occupational certificate on said date, shall qualify for and be granted a standard certificate as an occupational instructor.

      (P.A. 77-297; P.A. 78-18.)

      History: P.A. 78-18 substituted "1977" for "1976".

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      Sec. 10-145f. Testing for prospective teachers. (a) No person shall be formally admitted to a State Board of Education approved teacher preparation program until such person has achieved satisfactory scores on all components, in one administration, or, on and after January 1, 1995, has achieved satisfactory scores on all components of the state reading, writing and mathematics competency examination prescribed by and administered under the direction of the board, or has achieved a combined score of one thousand or more on a Scholastic Aptitude Test administered on or before March 31, 1995, or a combined score of eleven hundred or more on a Scholastic Aptitude Test administered on or after April 1, 1995, or an equivalent score as determined by the board on a test deemed equivalent by the board, provided, if the Scholastic Aptitude Test or the equivalent test was a non-English-language version, the person shall demonstrate a satisfactory level of English proficiency as determined by the board on a test prescribed by the board. Such competency examination shall be conducted at least twice during each year.

      (b) (1) Except as otherwise provided in subsection (i) of section 10-145b, any person who does not hold a valid certificate pursuant to section 10-145b shall (A) achieve satisfactory scores on all components, in one administration, or, on and after January 1, 1995, satisfactory scores on all components of the state reading, writing and mathematics competency examination prescribed by and administered under the direction of the board, or achieve a combined score of one thousand or more on a Scholastic Aptitude Test administered on or before March 31, 1995, or a combined score of eleven hundred or more on a Scholastic Aptitude Test administered on or after April 1, 1995, or an equivalent score as determined by the board on a test deemed equivalent by the board, provided, if the Scholastic Aptitude Test or the equivalent test is a non-English-language version, the person shall demonstrate a satisfactory level of English proficiency as determined by the board on a test prescribed by the board, and (B) achieve a satisfactory evaluation on the appropriate State Board of Education approved subject area assessment in order to be eligible for a certificate pursuant to said section unless such assessment has not been approved by the State Board of Education at the time of application, in which case the applicant shall not be denied a certificate solely because of the lack of an evaluation on such assessment.

      (2) Any person applying for an additional certification endorsement shall achieve a satisfactory evaluation on the appropriate State Board of Education approved subject area assessment in order to be eligible for such additional endorsement, unless such assessment has not been approved by the State Board of Education at the time of application, in which case the applicant shall not be denied the additional endorsement solely because of the lack of an evaluation on such assessment. The State Board of Education shall complete the development of such area assessments for all appropriate endorsements not later than December 1, 1990.

      (3) (A) On and after July 1, 1992, any teacher who held a valid teaching certificate but whose certificate lapsed and who had completed all requirements for the issuance of a new certificate pursuant to section 10-145b, except for filing an application for such certificate, prior to the date on which the lapse occurred, may file, within one year of the date on which the lapse occurred, an application with the Commissioner of Education for the issuance of such certificate. Upon the filing of such an application, the commissioner may grant such certificate and such certificate shall be retroactive to the date on which the lapse occurred, provided the commissioner finds that the lapse of the certificate occurred as a result of a hardship or extenuating circumstances beyond the control of the applicant. If such teacher has attained tenure and is reemployed by the same board of education in any equivalent unfilled position for which the person is qualified as a result of the issuance of a certificate pursuant to this subdivision, the lapse period shall not constitute a break in employment for such person reemployed and shall be used for the purpose of calculating continuous employment pursuant to section 10-151. If such teacher has not attained tenure, the time unemployed due to the lapse of a certificate shall not be counted toward tenure, except that if such teacher is reemployed by the same board of education as a result of the issuance of a certificate pursuant to this subdivision, such teacher may count the previous continuous employment immediately prior to the lapse towards tenure. Using information provided by the Teachers' Retirement Board, the Department of Education shall annually notify each local or regional board of education of the name of each teacher employed by such board of education whose provisional certificate will expire during the period of twelve months following such notice. Upon receipt of such notice the superintendent of each local and regional board of education shall notify each such teacher in writing, at such teacher's last known address, that the teacher's provisional certificate will expire. (B) Notwithstanding the provisions of this subdivision to the contrary, for any teacher employed by a local or regional board of education or on authorized leave from such a board of education, during the 1987-1988 school year, (i) whose teaching certificate lapsed on or after January 15, 1988, (ii) who successfully completed the competency examination in accordance with the provisions of this section subsequent to the date on which the lapse occurred, (iii) whose teaching certificate was reissued subsequent to the date on which the lapse occurred, and (iv) who was reemployed by the same board of education during the 1988-1989 school year, such lapse period shall not constitute a break in employment for such teacher and shall be used for the purpose of calculating continuous employment pursuant to section 10-151.

      (4) Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection to the contrary, to be eligible for a certificate to teach subjects for which a bachelor's degree is not required, any applicant who is otherwise eligible for certification in such endorsement areas shall be entitled to a certificate without having met the requirements of the competency examination and subject area assessment pursuant to this subsection for a period not to exceed two years, except that for a certificate to teach skilled trades or trade-related or occupational subjects, the commissioner may waive the requirement that the applicant take the competency examination. The commissioner may, upon the showing of good cause, extend the certificate.

      (c) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section and section 10-145b, the following persons shall be eligible for a nonrenewable temporary certificate: (1) A person who has resided in a state other than Connecticut during the year immediately preceding application for certification in Connecticut and meets the requirements for certification, excluding successful completion of the competency examination and subject matter assessment, if such person holds current teacher certification in a state other than Connecticut and has completed at least one year of successful teaching in another state in a public school or a nonpublic school approved by the appropriate state board of education, (2) a person who has graduated from a teacher preparation program at a college or university outside of the state and regionally accredited, and meets the requirements for certification, excluding successful completion of the competency examination and subject matter assessment, and (3) a person hired by a charter school after July first in any school year for a teaching position that school year, provided the person hired after said date could reasonably be expected to complete the requirements prescribed in subparagraphs (B) and (C) of subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 10-145b, by the commencement of the school year following the school year in which such person held such temporary certificate. The nonrenewable temporary certificate shall be valid for one year from the date it is issued. Any board of education employing a person who holds a nonrenewable temporary certificate issued pursuant to the provisions of subdivision (2) of this subsection shall provide a program to assist each such person who has not successfully completed the competency examination by January fifteenth of the school year in which such certificate was issued. Said program, developed in consultation with the Department of Education, shall include academic and classroom support service components. Each such person who does not successfully complete said examination by said January fifteenth shall participate in said program.

      (d) Any person who is first issued a certificate valid after July 1, 1989, or who is reissued a certificate after July 1, 1989, shall, except as otherwise provided in this subsection, be required to achieve a satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment not later than the end of the second year of teaching in a public school if hired prior to January first or, if hired on or after January first, not later than the end of the second full school year of teaching following the year in which such person was hired in order to retain the certificate. The commissioner (1) may waive the requirement that such satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment be achieved upon a determination that such assessment is not valid for the person's teaching assignment, or (2) upon a showing of good cause, may extend the time limit for the assessment for a period of time not exceeding two years. The requirement of a clinical assessment shall not apply to any such person who has completed at least three years of successful teaching in a public school or a nonpublic school approved by the appropriate state board of education during the ten years immediately preceding the date of application or who successfully taught with a provisional teaching certificate during the year immediately preceding an application for a provisional educator certificate as an employee of a local or regional board of education or facility approved for special education by the State Board of Education. Notwithstanding the provisions of this subsection, the State Board of Education may reissue an initial educator certificate to a person who held such certificate and did not achieve a satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment provided the person submits evidence demonstrating significant intervening study and experience, in accordance with standards established by the State Board of Education.

      (e) The board shall, by regulation, set all fees to be charged to each person who applies to take the State Board of Education administered competency examination, the subject area assessment or the professional knowledge clinical assessment, which shall be not less than seventy-five dollars for the competency examination and subject area assessment for the elementary level. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section to the contrary, the Commissioner of Education may waive any fee under this section due to a candidate's inability to pay.

      (P.A. 85-532, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-147, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-464, S. 5, 8; 87-499, S. 9, 10, 34; P.A. 88-273, S. 3, 4, 8, 9; 88-360, S. 19-21, 63; P.A. 89-137, S. 6-8, 13, 14; 89-251, S. 68, 203; P.A. 90-325, S. 2-5, 32; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6, S. 3, 117; P.A. 93-353, S. 19, 34, 52; P.A. 94-245, S. 4, 46; P.A. 95-259, S. 15, 32; P.A. 96-214, S. 9; 96-244, S. 13, 57, 63; P.A. 03-76, S. 13, 14; 03-174, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 86-147 in Subsec. (b) deleted reference to professional knowledge assessment, added testing requirements for permanent and lapsed or revoked certificate holders and persons applying for additional certification endorsement and set deadline for development of subject area assessment, added Subsec. (c) to provide for a nonrenewable temporary certificate, added Subsec. (d) re professional knowledge clinical assessment, added Subsec. (e) which had been part of Subsec. (b) and made other technical changes; P.A. 87-464 added Subdiv. and Subpara. designations in Subsec. (b) and in Subsec. (c) provided for nonrenewable temporary certificates for graduates of out-of-state teacher preparation programs; P.A. 87-499 in Subsec. (b) provided an exception to the testing requirements for applicants for certificates to teach skilled trades and trade-related subjects and in Subsec. (d) deleted "provisional" and made the Subsec. apply to all certificate holders, counted the ten years from the date of application rather than date of employment under provisional certificate, substituted July for May and provided that the time limit for assessment may be extended by "one year" rather than by "not more than one year"; P.A. 88-273 inserted new Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (b) re standard certificates for and the reemployment of holders of certain lapsed provisional certificates and re annual notification by state department of education of provisional certificates which are to expire in the subsequent twelve months, and renumbered old Subdiv. (3) as Subdiv. (4), amended Subsec. (c) to provide for the issuance of a nonrenewable temporary certificate pursuant to Subdiv. (2) for the 1988-1989 school year and in Subsec. (d) substituted July 1, 1989, for July 1, 1988; P.A. 88-360 in Subsec. (a) substituted "scores on all components, in one administration of the" for "score on each component of any one" state reading, writing and mathematics competency examination and made a technical change, in Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (b) substituted "scores on all components, in one administration, of the" for "score on each component of any one" state reading, writing and mathematics competency examination and in Subdiv. (3) (now (4)) of Subsec. (b) substituted "subjects for which a bachelor's degree is not required" for "skilled trades and trade-related subjects" and in Subsec. (e) substituted "all fees" for "a fee", specified that the competency examination be that administered by the state board of education, provided that the fees be at a level not to exceed the administrative costs but need not be at a level to meet all such costs and added provisions re the competency examination fee, registration fees and waivers of fees; P.A. 89-137 in Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (b) substituted December 1, 1990, for May 1, 1990, as the date before which the state board of education shall complete the development of subject area assessments, in Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (b) added Subpara. (A) designation, deleted the provisions granting a standard certificate to certain persons whose provisional certificates had lapsed and concerning the reemployment of such teachers and treatment of the lapse period, specified the circumstances under which the commissioner of education may issue a new certificate to a teacher whose certificate has lapsed, specified the circumstances under which the lapse period is not a break in employment and is used for calculating continuous employment, required superintendents to notify teachers of the expiration of provisional certificates and added new Subpara. (B) re the granting of a provisional teaching certificate to certain persons sixty-five years of age or older, in Subdiv. (4) of Subsec. (b) permitted the commissioner of education to waive the competency examination requirement for applicants for certificates to teach skilled trades or trade-related or occupational subjects, and in Subsec. (d) permitted the reissuance of an initial educator certificate to certain persons who did not achieve a satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment; P.A. 89-251 set the fee for the competency examination at not less than forty-eight dollars and increased the fee for retesting from ten dollars to twelve dollars; P.A. 90-325 in Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (b) with an exception made the subdivision apply to any person who does not hold a valid certificate and provided that a satisfactory evaluation on a subject area assessment not be required if the assessment has not been approved by the state board of education, rather than if it has not been developed, in Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (b) provided that a satisfactory evaluation on a subject area assessment for eligibility for an additional endorsement not be required if the assessment has not been approved by the state board of education, rather than if it has not been developed, in Subsec. (c) removed the limitation that nonrenewable temporary certificates for graduates of out-of-state teacher preparation programs be issued only for certain years and in Subsec. (d) added Subdiv. (1) to allow the commissioner of education to waive the requirement of a satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment if the assessment is not valid for the person's teaching assignment and provided that the requirement not apply to certain persons who taught with provisional teaching certificates; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 92-6 amended Subsec. (e) to provide the fee shall be not less than seventy-five dollars for competency examination and subject area assessment for the elementary level and to delete references to board discretion regarding assessment of fees; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (a) to add provisions concerning the Scholastic Aptitude Test scores or those of an equivalent test and amended Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (b) to make the Subdiv. applicable on and after July 1, 1992, to remove the requirement that the teacher have held the certificate "while employed by a local or regional board of education or a facility approved for special education by the state board of education or on authorized leave from such a board of education or facility", to divide Subpara. (A) into (A) and (B) and to delete the existing Subpara. (B) which was obsolete, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 94-245 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to provide that on and after January 1, 1995, satisfactory scores in all components of competency examinations need not be achieved in one administration and to substitute an examination administered "under the direction of" the board for an examination administered "by" the board, effective June 2, 1994; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to apply the existing requirements to tests administered on or before March 31, 1995, and to add new requirements for tests administered after said date, also in Subsec. (b) added the provisions dealing with non-English versions and amended Subsec. (c) to change the time frame for the validity of nonrenewable temporary certificates, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 96-214 amended Subsec. (c) to add Subdiv. (3) re person hired by a charter school after July first in any school year; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (c)(3) to change the eligibility requirement for the temporary certificate for persons hired by a charter school and amended Subsec. (d) to extend the time for achievement of a satisfactory evaluation on a professional knowledge clinical assessment from within "one" to "two" years and made a technical change, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes in Subsecs. (b)(3) and (c), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 03-174 amended Subsec. (d) by differentiating between teachers hired prior to January first and teachers hired on or after January first re timing of evaluation, substituting a two-year extension for a one-year extension in Subdiv. (2), and making a technical change, effective July 1, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-145g. Regulations. The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to govern the use and access of information concerning child abuse in reports received by the Commissioner of Education, or his representative, pursuant to sections 17a-101b and 17a-101c.

      (P.A. 92-76, S. 2; P.A. 96-246, S. 16.)

      History: P.A. 96-246 changed reference to Sec. 17a-101 to Secs. 17a-101b and 17a-101c.

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      Sec. 10-145h. Requirements for certification as a bilingual education teacher. (a) On and after July 1, 1999, the State Board of Education shall require an applicant for certification as a bilingual education teacher to demonstrate competency in English and the other language of instruction as a condition of certification. Competency in English shall be demonstrated by successful passage of the essential skills test approved by the State Board of Education. Competency in the other language shall be demonstrated on an examination, if available, of comparable difficulty as specified by the Department of Education. If such an examination is not available, competency shall be demonstrated by an appropriate alternative method as specified by the department.

      (b) On and after July 1, 2003, the State Board of Education shall require persons seeking to become (1) elementary level bilingual education teachers to be certified in elementary education and bilingual education and (2) secondary level bilingual education teachers to be certified in both the subject area they will teach and in bilingual education. Such dual certification requirement may be met by earning a bachelor's degree in one field and meeting the requirements for an endorsement in the other field.

      (c) On and after July 1, 2000, the State Board of Education shall require bilingual education teachers holding provisional educator certificates to meet the requirements of this subsection in order to qualify for a professional educator certificate to teach bilingual education. (1) Such bilingual education teachers who teach on the elementary level shall take fifteen credit hours in bilingual education and fifteen credit hours in language arts, reading and mathematics. (2) Such bilingual education teachers who teach on the middle or secondary level shall take fifteen credit hours in bilingual education and fifteen credit hours in the subject matter that they teach. Such professional educator certificate shall be valid for bilingual education and the grade level and content area of preparation.

      (P.A. 99-211, S. 4, 10.)

      History: P.A. 99-211 effective July 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-145i. Limitation on issuance and reissuance of certificates, authorizations or permits to certain individuals. Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 10-144o to 10-146b, inclusive, and 10-149, the State Board of Education shall not issue or reissue any certificate, authorization or permit pursuant to said sections if (1) the applicant for such certificate, authorization or permit has been convicted of any of the following: (A) A capital felony, as defined in section 53a-54b; (B) arson murder, as defined in section 53a-54d; (C) any Class A felony; (D) any Class B felony except a violation of section 53a-122, 53a-252 or 53a-291; (E) a crime involving an act of child abuse or neglect as described in section 46b-120; or (F) a violation of section 53-21, 53-37a, 53a-60b, 53a-60c, 53a-71, 53a-72a, 53a-72b, 53a-73a, 53a-88, 53a-99, 53a-103a, 53a-181c, 53a-191, 53a-196, 53a-196c, 53a-216, 53a-217b or 21a-278 or a violation of subsection (a) of section 21a-277, and (2) the applicant completed serving the sentence for such conviction within the five years immediately preceding the date of the application.

      (P.A. 00-220, S. 41, 43; P.A. 01-173, S. 54, 67; P.A. 03-168, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 00-220 effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subdiv. (1) to redesignate Subpara. (E) as Subpara. (F), add new Subpara. (E) re crime involving act of child abuse or neglect, expand the list of crimes in Subpara. (F), and make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-168 added "authorization or permit", effective July 1, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-146. Transferred to Sec. 10-145a.

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      Sec. 10-146a. Advisory board on state certification of teachers. Section 10-146a is repealed.

      (1967, P.A. 560, S. 1-3; 1969, P.A. 376, S. 1; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; 77-614, S. 609, 610.)

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      Sec. 10-146b. Extension of period to complete requirements for teaching certificates. Any person who holds a provisional educator or provisional teaching certificate or held such certificate within one year of application for extension of such certificate and is unable to complete the requirements for a professional educator certificate within the period required, or any person who holds a professional educator certificate or held such certificate within one year of application for extension of such certificate and is unable to complete the requirements for continuation of such professional educator certificate within the period required may appeal to said board for an extension of the applicable period for good cause and said board, if it finds a hardship exists in the case of such person or if it finds an emergency situation because of a shortage of certified teachers in the school district where such person is employed, may extend, effective as of or retroactive to the expiration date of such certificate, such applicable period within which such person shall complete such requirements for such time as to said board seems reasonable, provided not more than one extension shall be granted to such person and, provided further, the record of such person is satisfactory under the provisions of sections 10-145a to 10-145d, inclusive, and this section. For the purposes of section 10-151, any lapse period pursuant to this section shall not constitute a break in employment for such person if reemployed and shall be used for the purpose of calculating continuous employment.

      (1969, P.A. 250, S. 1; P.A. 74-331, S. 4, 7; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 25, 58; P.A. 87-499, S. 11, 34; P.A. 90-325, S. 6, 32; P.A. 02-89, S. 13.)

      History: P.A. 74-331 replaced reference to period required by "regulation of the state board of education" with reference to period required by Sec. 10-145b or 10-145c and required that person seeking extension have satisfactory record in order to be granted one; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1 deleted references to Secs. 10-145b and 10-145c when referring to period required for completing the requirements for a standard certificate, made provisions of the section applicable to provisional educator and professional educator certificate holders; P.A. 87-499 substituted "school district" for "municipality"; P.A. 90-325 added new Subsec. (b) re waiver of compliance with revised statutes and regulations and in Subsec. (a) provided for the extension of time to complete requirements for or continuation of a professional educator certificate if the person held a provisional teaching certificate or a professional educator certificate within one year of application for the extension of time and provided that any lapse pursuant to the section not constitute a break in employment and be