CHAPTER 164*
EDUCATIONAL OPPORTUNITIES

      *Cited. 129 C. 191.

Table of Contents

Sec. 10-15. Towns to maintain schools.
Sec. 10-15a. Discontinuance of kindergarten programs restricted.
Sec. 10-15b. Access of parent or guardian to student's records. Inspection and subpoena of school or student records.
Sec. 10-15c. Discrimination in public schools prohibited. School attendance by five-year-olds.
Sec. 10-15d. Applicability of education statutes to the Unified School Districts and the vocational-technical schools.
Sec. 10-15e. Applicability of education statutes to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies.
Sec. 10-16. Length of school year.
Sec. 10-16a. Silent meditation.
Sec. 10-16b. Prescribed courses of study.
Sec. 10-16c. State board to develop family life education curriculum guides.
Sec. 10-16d. Family life education programs not mandatory.
Sec. 10-16e. Students not required to participate in family life education programs.
Sec. 10-16f. Family life programs to supplement required curriculum.
Secs. 10-16g to 10-16k. Increased student time on task; grants. Application for grants; selection criteria. Project evaluations; statement of expenditures. Assistance and information to school districts. Continuation of pilot program; report.
Sec. 10-16l. Establishment of graduation date.
Sec. 10-16m. Extended-day kindergarten. Grants.
Sec. 10-16n. Head Start grant program. Grant allocation. Advisory committee.
Sec. 10-16o. Development of network of school readiness programs.
Sec. 10-16p. Definitions. Lead agency for school readiness; standards. Grant programs.
Sec. 10-16q. School readiness program requirements. Per child cost limitation. Sliding fee scale. Waiver from schedule requirements.
Sec. 10-16r. Local school readiness councils; duties. Regional school readiness councils.
Sec. 10-16s. Interagency agreement on school readiness. Assessment measures.
Sec. 10-16t. Participation by five-year-olds in school readiness programs.
Sec. 10-16u. Grants for school readiness programs in transitional school districts.
Sec. 10-16v. After school committee established. Appointment of members. Report and recommendations. Acceptance of funding. Report to General Assembly.
Sec. 10-17. English language to be medium of instruction. Exception.
Sec. 10-17a. Establishment of bilingual and bicultural program.
Secs. 10-17b and 10-17c. Instruction bilingually and biculturally; procedures, materials and equipment; purpose. Advice and assistance of state board; evaluation of programs.
Sec. 10-17d. Application for and receipt of federal funds.
Sec. 10-17e. Definitions.
Sec. 10-17f. Duties of boards of education regarding bilingual education programs. Development of state English mastery standard. Regulations.
Sec. 10-17g. Application for grant. Annual evaluation report.
Sec. 10-17h. Planning, development or operation of initially required bilingual program.
Sec. 10-17i. Encouragement of increased language instruction. Proficiency in language recognized on permanent record.
Sec. 10-17j. Request to commissioner to use certified English as a second language teacher in place of bilingual education teacher in cases of teacher shortage. Teacher exchange programs.
Sec. 10-18. Courses in United States history, government and duties and responsibilities of citizenship.
Sec. 10-18a. Contents of textbooks and other general instructional materials.
Sec. 10-18b. Development of curriculum guides for firearm safety programs.
Sec. 10-18c. Firearm safety programs. Exemption from participation.
Sec. 10-19. Teaching about alcohol, nicotine or tobacco, drugs and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Training of personnel.
Sec. 10-19a. Superintendent to designate substance abuse prevention team. Training of team members.
Sec. 10-19b. Advisory councils on drug abuse prevention.
Sec. 10-19c. Program for careers in information technology.
Secs. 10-19d to 10-19l.
Sec. 10-19m. (Formerly Sec. 17a-39). Youth service bureaus. Annual report. Regulations.
Sec. 10-19n. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40). State aid for establishment and expansion of youth service bureaus.
Sec. 10-19o. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40a). Youth service bureau grant program.
Sec. 10-19p. (Formerly Sec. 17a-41). Assistance to youth service bureaus.
Sec. 10-20. Comptroller may withhold school money.
Sec. 10-20a. Connecticut career certificate program.
Sec. 10-20b. Connecticut career certificate. Compliance with federal laws and regulations, required.
Sec. 10-20c. Issuance of Connecticut career certification. Credit for program.
Sec. 10-20d. Grants for support of Connecticut career certificate programs.
Sec. 10-20e. Awarding of grants.
Sec. 10-20f. Retention of appropriated funds, when.
Sec. 10-21. Vocational guidance.
Sec. 10-21a. Accredited courses offered by employers.
Sec. 10-21b. Programs offered jointly by boards of education and business firms; neighborhood assistance.
Sec. 10-21c. Donation of teaching services by private sector specialists; neighborhood assistance.
Secs. 10-21d and 10-21e. School-Business Forum; membership; procedures. School-Business Forum; responsibilities; termination.
Sec. 10-21f. Career ladder programs.
Secs. 10-22 and 10-23. Instruction in music. Instruction on highway safety.
Sec. 10-24.
Sec. 10-24a. (Formerly Sec. 14-157). State grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety course.
Sec. 10-24b. Fee when course offered outside regular school hours.
Sec. 10-24c. Grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety courses in private secondary schools.
Sec. 10-24d.
Sec. 10-24e. Regulations concerning content of safe driving course.
Sec. 10-25. Secondary education for veterans.
Sec. 10-26. Education grant to child of deceased or disabled veteran or missing in action member of armed forces.
Sec. 10-27. International studies, exchange programs. Advisory committee.
Sec. 10-27a. International education programs, recognition of schools and partnership programs.
Sec. 10-28.
Sec. 10-28a. Advice and assistance to school library media centers.
Sec. 10-28b. School volunteers; information and assistance about; state-wide coordinator; state plan.
Sec. 10-29. Library service center in Middlesex County.
Sec. 10-29a. Certain days and weeks to be proclaimed by Governor. Distribution and number of proclamations.
Sec. 10-29b. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission.
Secs. 10-30 and 10-30a. Certain days to be proclaimed by Governor; distribution and number of proclamations. Proclamation of Hat Day prohibited.
Secs. 10-31 and 10-32. Establishment and maintenance. Duties of town board of education.
Sec. 10-33. Tuition in towns in which no high school is maintained.
Sec. 10-34. Approval by state board of incorporated or endowed high school or academy.
Sec. 10-35. Notice of discontinuance of high school service to nonresidents. Cooperative arrangements and school building projects for school accommodations.
Sec. 10-36. Agreements with Gilbert School and Woodstock Academy.
Secs. 10-37 and 10-38. Transportation within the town. Joint high schools.
Sec. 10-38a. Maintenance of postsecondary schools.
Secs. 10-38b to 10-38i.
Sec. 10-38j. Recommendations for expansion of higher educational opportunities.
Secs. 10-38k and 10-38l.
Sec. 10-39. Temporary regional school study committee.
Sec. 10-40. Appointment of committee members.
Sec. 10-41. Officers and records of committee.
Sec. 10-42. Expenses of committee.
Sec. 10-43. Reports to towns. Dissolution of committee.
Sec. 10-44. Disposition of committee records.
Sec. 10-45. Referendum on establishment of regional districts.
Sec. 10-46. Regional board of education.
Sec. 10-46a. Transfer of responsibility to regional board.
Sec. 10-47. Powers of regional board. Meetings.
Sec. 10-47a. Withdrawal of grades.
Sec. 10-47b. Addition or withdrawal of grades.
Sec. 10-47c. Amendment of plan.
Secs. 10-48 and 10-49. Relocation of site. Site in town outside district.
Sec. 10-49a. Site in town outside district.
Sec. 10-50. Admission of adjacent town to district.
Sec. 10-51. Fiscal year. Budget. Payments by member towns; adjustments to payments. Investment of funds. Temporary borrowing. Reserve fund.
Sec. 10-51a. Petition to determine deficiency in town payment.
Sec. 10-52. Adult education.
Sec. 10-53. Application of education statutes.
Sec. 10-54. Transportation grants.
Sec. 10-55. Pupils to attend regional school.
Sec. 10-56. Corporate powers. Bond issues.
Secs. 10-57 and 10-58. Debt limitation. Investment of proceeds of bond issue.
Sec. 10-58a. Default of district in payment on bonds or notes. Withholding of state aid.
Sec. 10-59. Fiscal year. Budget.
Sec. 10-60. Borrowing in addition to bonds.
Sec. 10-60a. Refunding bonds.
Secs. 10-61 to 10-63. Withdrawal of town. Dissolution of district. Payment of indebtedness on dissolution of district.
Sec. 10-63a. Vote for withdrawal of town or dissolution of district.
Sec. 10-63b. Committee to study issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution.
Sec. 10-63c. Report of committee.
Secs. 10-63d and 10-63e. Submission of final plan; publication of notice. Special town meetings on proposal.
Sec. 10-63f. Obligations not affected by action.
Sec. 10-63g. Withdrawal and dissolution restricted.
Sec. 10-63h. Applicability to existing regional school districts.
Sec. 10-63i. Regional school district established before June 24, 1969.
Sec. 10-63j. "Representation", defined.
Sec. 10-63k. Regional school reapportionment committee.
Sec. 10-63l. Powers of regional school reapportionment committee.
Sec. 10-63m. Approval or rejection of plan recommended by regional school reapportionment committee.
Sec. 10-63n. Referendum for regional school reapportionment. Establishment of plan.
Sec. 10-63o. Execution of reapportionment plan.
Sec. 10-63p. Time limits for reapportionment. Right to compel compliance.
Sec. 10-63q. Notification as to constitutionality of regional board representation following decennial census.
Sec. 10-63r. Establishment of new plan of representation permitted after initial reapportionment.
Sec. 10-63s. Duties of Commissioner of Education. Actions of regional board to be by weighted vote.
Sec. 10-63t. Applicability of reapportionment requirements.
Secs. 10-63u to 10-63y. Effective date of reapportionment requirements of sections 10-46(a) and 10-63j to 10-63u, inclusive. Withdrawal from or dissolution of regional school districts in existence on April 21, 1976. Establishment of committee on withdrawal or dissolution. Report of committee. Limitation on number of applications for withdrawal or dissolution.
Sec. 10-64. Establishment of regional vocational agriculture centers. Moratorium; exception. Tuition and transportation.
Sec. 10-65. Grants for constructing and operating vocational agriculture centers. Tuition charges.
Sec. 10-65a. Plan to increase racial and ethnic diversity.
Sec. 10-65b. Provision of student's nonagricultural academic courses; shared-time arrangements.
Sec. 10-66. Regulations.
Sec. 10-66a. Establishment.
Sec. 10-66b. Operation and management. Board.
Sec. 10-66c. Powers of board of center.
Sec. 10-66d. Participation by boards of education and nonpublic schools.
Sec. 10-66e. Payment of expenses.
Sec. 10-66f. Participation in programs of other centers. Joint action by centers.
Sec. 10-66g. Budget and projected revenues statement. Annual audit.
Sec. 10-66h. Annual evaluation of programs and services.
Sec. 10-66i. Applicability of statutes. Receipt of payments.
Sec. 10-66j. Regulations. Annual grants, proportional reduction. Requirement for use of part of grant. Support of regional efforts to recruit and retain minority educators and support of collection and analysis of data on reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation.
Sec. 10-66k. Revocation of participation; effect on pledge for security of bonds. Existence of center and repayment of obligations.
Sec. 10-66l. Boards of education may join center within or outside area.
Sec. 10-66m. Other cooperative agreements not affected.
Sec. 10-66n. Grants for identifying and disseminating information re exemplary classroom projects.
Secs. 10-66o to 10-66z.
Sec. 10-66aa. Charter schools: Definitions.
Sec. 10-66bb. Application process and requirements. Charter renewal. Probation. Revocation.
Sec. 10-66cc. School profile. Report.
Sec. 10-66dd. School professionals employed in charter schools. Charter schools subject to laws governing public schools; exceptions; waivers.
Sec. 10-66ee. Charter school funding. Special education students. Transportation. Contracts.
Sec. 10-66ff. Powers. Liability limited. Participation in Short-Term Investment Fund.
Sec. 10-66gg. Report to General Assembly.
Sec. 10-66hh. Program to assist charter schools with capital expenses.
Sec. 10-67. Definitions.
Sec. 10-68. Appointment of director of adult education.
Sec. 10-69. Adult education.
Sec. 10-70. Rooms and personnel.
Sec. 10-71. State grants for adult education programs.
Sec. 10-71a. State grants for adult education programs. Eligibility requirements.
Secs. 10-72 and 10-73. Exemption may be granted by state board. Schools for non-English-speaking adults.
Sec. 10-73a. Adult education fees and charges; waivers. Adult education school activity fund.
Sec. 10-73b. Grants for adult education services or programs conforming to state plan.
Sec. 10-73c. State Board of Education administrative expenses for adult education.
Sec. 10-73d. Request of certain students to attend adult education classes. Assignment.
Sec. 10-74. State aid for schools for non-English-speaking adults.
Sec. 10-74a. Summer courses. Charges.
Sec. 10-74b. Grants for remedial summer school programs.
Sec. 10-74c. Grants for young parents programs.
Sec. 10-74d. Grants for interdistrict cooperative programs.
Sec. 10-74e. Basic Education Training Team for Employment Readiness; state match.
Secs. 10-75 to 10-75k and 10-76. Educationally exceptional children. Children requiring special education. Records. Services. Children excluded from school, when. Programs. State aid. State board to cooperate with other agencies. Mentally retarded children. Physically handicapped children. Socially and emotionally maladjusted children. Receipt of gifts and bequests. Contracts with sheltered workshops and rehabilitation centers. State aid for regional educational facilities for trainable mentally retarded children. Physically handicapped children; definition.
Sec. 10-76a. Definitions.
Sec. 10-76b. State supervision of special education programs and services. Regulations. Coordinating agency.
Sec. 10-76c. Receipt and use of money and personal property.
Sec. 10-76d. Duties and powers of boards of education to provide special education programs and services. Determination of eligibility for Medicaid. State agency placements; apportionment of costs. Relationship of insurance to special education costs.
Sec. 10-76e. School construction grant for cooperative regional special education facilities.
Sec. 10-76f. Definition of terms used in formula for state aid for special education.
Sec. 10-76g. State aid for special education.
Sec. 10-76h. Special education hearing and review procedure. Mediation of disputes.
Sec. 10-76i. Advisory Council for Special Education.
Sec. 10-76j. Five-year plan for special education.
Sec. 10-76k. (Formerly Sec. 10-76i). Development of experimental educational programs.
Sec. 10-76l. Annual evaluation of special education programs.
Sec. 10-76m. Auditing of claims for special education assistance.
Sec. 10-76n. Special education resource center.
Sec. 10-76o. Special education at the Gilbert School, Norwich Free Academy and Woodstock Academy.
Sec. 10-76p. Reimbursement where state agency makes private placement.
Sec. 10-76q. Special education at regional vocational-technical schools.
Sec. 10-76r. Grant payment for certain special education placements for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1983.
Sec. 10-76s. Special education study committee.
Sec. 10-76t. Definitions re primary mental health program.
Sec. 10-76u. School-based primary mental health programs established. Grants to boards of education.
Sec. 10-76v. Program components. Duties of mental health professionals. Parental consent required.
Sec. 10-76w. Duties of department re primary mental health program.
Sec. 10-76x. Boards of education to contribute to program. Misuse of grants.
Sec. 10-76y. Assistive devices.
Secs. 10-76z and 10-76aa.
Secs. 10-76bb and 10-76cc. Plans for programs and services for certain children requiring special education. Reimbursement for expenditures to develop plans.
Sec. 10-76dd. Special education supervisory personnel.
Sec. 10-76ee. Administrative representative required for planning and placement team meetings.
Sec. 10-76ff. Procedures for determining if a child requires special education.
Sec. 10-76gg. Information on race, ethnicity and disability category of children requiring special education.
Secs. 10-77 to 10-91. Education of physically or mentally handicapped children, generally.
Secs. 10-91a to 10-91e. State-wide system of early intervention services: Definitions; regulations; termination; coordinating council; Medicaid reimbursement; limitation on use of funds; sliding scale for parental contributions; state right of recovery or indemnification against insurers.
Sec. 10-91f. Costs of education of child placed in community residence or child-care facility.
Sec. 10-92. Education at Newington Children's Hospital.
Sec. 10-92a. Use of supplemental resources for children not eligible for special education.
Secs. 10-93 to 10-94d. Statement of costs of educational program. Grant to Newington Children's Hospital. Out-of-state education of perceptually handicapped children. Program for socially and emotionally maladjusted children at Children's Center; personnel in teachers' retirement system. Payment for children placed by Commissioner of Human Resources or other agencies. State Board of Education as custodian of special funds from government to center.
Sec. 10-94e. Exemption of career education program students from certain labor laws while working therein.
Sec. 10-94f. Definitions.
Sec. 10-94g. Commissioner of Education to appoint surrogate parent. Procedure for objection to or extension of said appointment.
Sec. 10-94h. Duration of appointment as surrogate parent. Appointment of successor surrogate parent.
Sec. 10-94i. Rights and liabilities of surrogate parents.
Sec. 10-94j. Regulations re appointment of surrogate parents.
Sec. 10-94k. Funding of surrogate parent program.
Sec. 10-95. Vocational-technical schools. Accreditation status. Accountability.
Sec. 10-95a. Student activity programs at state regional vocational-technical schools.
Secs. 10-95b to 10-95d. East shore career education center. Vocational Education Extension Fund. Fees for evening vocational education program.
Sec. 10-95e. Vocational Education Extension Fund. Apprenticeship account.
Secs. 10-95f and 10-95g.
Sec. 10-95h. Advisory committee on regional vocational-technical schools.
Sec. 10-95i. Long-range plan of priorities and goals for the regional vocational-technical school system. Trade programs. Capital equipment plan.
Sec. 10-95j. Information on admissions, faculty and efforts to strengthen public awareness of the regional vocational-technical schools and the role of school craft committees.
Sec. 10-95k. Biennial report to the General Assembly.
Sec. 10-95l. Training programs for certified employees.
Sec. 10-95m. Study of relationship between admissions scores and performance.
Sec. 10-95n. Military recruiting on campus.
Secs. 10-96 to 10-96b. Standards of approval and grants-in-aid for vocational schools and industrial arts programs; evaluation of vocational and occupational programs. Master plan for vocational and career education. Priority listing of vocational-technical school capital projects.
Sec. 10-97. Transportation to vocational schools.
Sec. 10-98. Vocational agricultural training.
Sec. 10-98a. Workforce needs.
Sec. 10-99. Industrial account.
Secs. 10-99a to 10-99d. Development of career and vocational education plans; review by state board. Grants. Annual reports. Administrative costs.
Sec. 10-99e.
Secs. 10-100 to 10-108.
Secs. 10-108a to 10-108f.
Secs. 10-109 to 10-109c.
Secs. 10-109d and 10-110.
Secs. 10-111 and 10-112. Practice schools. Scholarships.
Secs. 10-113 to 10-116a.
Secs. 10-116b to 10-116k. State Scholarship Commission. Eligibility for financial assistance; award and amount; limitations for postgraduate study. Duties of Commission for Higher Education. Scholarships for graduate training of teachers in specific fields. Grants for precollege or undergraduate study to persons with restricted educational achievement and to institutions providing such persons with special services. Work-study programs. Scholarships for Vietnam era veterans. State Student Financial Assistance Commission.
Secs. 10-116l to 10-116s.

PART I
GENERAL

      Sec. 10-15. Towns to maintain schools. Public schools including kindergartens shall be maintained in each town for at least one hundred eighty days of actual school sessions during each year. When public school sessions are cancelled for reasons of inclement weather or otherwise, the rescheduled sessions shall not be held on Saturday or Sunday. Public schools may conduct weekend education programs to provide supplemental and remedial services to students. The State Board of Education (1) may authorize the shortening of any school year for a school district, a school or a portion of a school on account of an unavoidable emergency, and (2) may authorize implementation of scheduling of school sessions to permit full year use of facilities which may not offer each child one hundred eighty days of school sessions within a given school year, but which assures an opportunity for each child to average a minimum of one hundred eighty days of school sessions per year during thirteen years of educational opportunity in the elementary and secondary schools. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section and section 10-16, the State Board of Education may, upon application by a local or regional board of education, approve for any single school year, in whole or in part, a plan to implement alternative scheduling of school sessions which assures at least four hundred fifty hours of actual school work for nursery schools and half-day kindergartens and at least nine hundred hours of actual school work for full-day kindergartens and grades one to twelve, inclusive.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1349; 1967, P.A. 288, S. 1; 1971, P.A. 370, S. 1; 442; 1972, P.A. 120, S. 1; P.A. 75-284; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 9; P.A. 80-241; P.A. 88-123; P.A. 98-243, S. 12, 25; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1, S. 36, 51.)

      History: 1967 act included kindergartens and changed usual minimum age for entrance from six to five; 1971 acts rewrote provision concerning studies of alcohol and narcotics effects to include nicotine, tobacco and all controlled drugs and their effect on citizenship and personality as well as on health and character and specified that rescheduled school sessions may not be held on Saturday or Sunday; 1972 act added provision allowing full year use of facilities "which may not offer each child one hundred eighty days of school sessions within a given school year" but which will average out as one hundred eighty days per year over thirteen-year course of education; P.A. 75-284 forbade discrimination on grounds of sex, religion or national origin and required equal participation opportunities for any child in any school activity, program or course of study; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 deleted provisions dealing with age of students, discrimination and equal opportunity and deleted detailed prescribed course of study; P.A. 80-241 added provisions concerning alternate scheduling of school sessions; P.A. 88-123 added Subdiv. designations and in Subdiv. (1) added "for a school district, a school or a portion of school"; P.A. 98-243 added language to set different requirements for half and full-day kindergarten programs, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1 authorized public schools to conduct weekend education programs to provide supplemental and remedial services to students, effective July 1, 1999 (Revisor's note: The phrase "... full-day kindergarten and grades one to twelve, inclusive." at the end of the section was changed editorially by the Revisors to "... full-day kindergartens and grades one to twelve, inclusive." for consistency).

      What constitutes residence of a child for school purposes. 59 C. 491, 492. Discretion of board of education to prescribe particular subjects is to be independently exercised. 127 C. 351. See note to chapter 106. Cited. 135 C. 582; 147 C. 374; 152 C. 151. Cited. 218 C. 1, 7. Cited. 238 C. 1.

      Cited. 26 CS 123. Health instruction and physical education courses authorized, when. 29 CS 397. Plaintiff, eligible for public schooling, has standing to bring action for declaratory judgment that the distribution of funds for public schools do not meet constitutional standards. 31 CS 379.

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      Sec. 10-15a. Discontinuance of kindergarten programs restricted. Section 10-15a is repealed.

      (February, 1965, P.A. 87; 1967, P.A. 288, S. 3.)

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      Sec. 10-15b. Access of parent or guardian to student's records. Inspection and subpoena of school or student records. (a) Either parent or legal guardian of a minor student shall, upon written request to a local or regional board of education and within a reasonable time, be entitled to knowledge of and access to all educational, medical, or similar records maintained in such student's cumulative record, except that no parent or legal guardian shall be entitled to information considered privileged under section 10-154a.

      (b) If any private or public school is served with a subpoena issued by competent authority directing the production of school or student records in connection with any proceedings in any court, the school upon which such subpoena is served may deliver such record or at its option a copy thereof to the clerk of such court. Such clerk shall give a receipt for the same, shall be responsible for the safekeeping thereof, shall not permit the same to be removed from the premises of the court and shall notify the school to call for the same when it is no longer needed for use in court. Any such record or copy so delivered to such clerk shall be sealed in an envelope which shall indicate the name of the school or student, the name of the attorney subpoenaing the same and the title of the case referred to in the subpoena. No such record or copy shall be open to inspection by any person except upon the order of a judge of the court concerned, and any such record or copy shall at all times be subject to the order of such judge. Any and all parts of any such record or copy, if not otherwise inadmissible, shall be admitted in evidence without any preliminary testimony, if there is attached thereto the certification in affidavit form of the person in charge of such records indicating that such record or copy is the original record or a copy thereof, made in the regular course of the business of the school, and that it was the regular course of such business to make such record at the time of the transactions, occurrences or events recorded therein or within a reasonable time thereafter. A subpoena directing production of such school or student records shall be served not less than eighteen hours before the time for production, provided such subpoena shall be valid if served less than eighteen hours before the time of production if written notice of intent to serve such subpoena has been delivered to the person in charge of such records not less than eighteen hours nor more than two weeks before such time for production.

      (P.A. 73-74; P.A. 78-218, S. 12; P.A. 85-554, S. 4, 6; P.A. 86-223.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "board of education" for "school board"; P.A. 85-554 added Subsec. (b) establishing procedures for inspection and subpoena of school or student records; P.A. 86-223 required serving of subpoena at least eighteen hours before time for production of records rather than twenty-four hours before as was previously required.

      Cited. 211 C. 555, 579. Cited. 230 C. 43, 59.

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      Sec. 10-15c. Discrimination in public schools prohibited. School attendance by five-year-olds. (a) The public schools shall be open to all children five years of age and over who reach age five on or before the first day of January of any school year, and each such child shall have, and shall be so advised by the appropriate school authorities, an equal opportunity to participate in the activities, programs and courses of study offered in such public schools, at such time as the child becomes eligible to participate in such activities, programs and courses of study, without discrimination on account of race, color, sex, religion, national origin or sexual orientation; provided boards of education may, by vote at a meeting duly called, admit to any school children under five years of age.

      (b) Nothing in subsection (a) of this section shall be deemed to amend other provisions of the general statutes with respect to curricula, facilities or extracurricular activities.

      (P.A. 78-218, S. 10; P.A. 79-128, S. 12, 36; P.A. 80-405, S. 1, 4; P.A. 81-472, S. 10, 159; P.A. 88-360, S. 3, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 6, 27.)

      History: P.A. 79-128 required equal opportunity to participate in activities, programs and courses of study, deleting former possible limitation of equal opportunity, i.e. "within the limits of existing expenditures in any one school year"; P.A. 80-405 required school authorities to advise children of opportunities available when they are eligible to participate; P.A. 81-472 made technical changes; P.A. 88-360 substituted the provision that public schools be open to all children "who reach age five on or before the first day of January of any school year" for the provision that boards of education "may exclude children who will not attain the age of five years until after the first day of January of any school year"; P.A. 97-247 designated the existing section as Subsec. (a), added "sexual orientation" and added Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1997.

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38. Cited. 238 C. 1.

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      Sec. 10-15d. Applicability of education statutes to the Unified School Districts and the vocational-technical schools. For the fiscal year beginning July 1, 1987, and annually thereafter, all provisions of the general statutes concerning education, except those provisions relating to the eligibility for noncompetitive state aid unless otherwise provided, shall apply to the operation of the State of Connecticut-Unified School District #2 established pursuant to section 17a-37 within the Department of Children and Families, State of Connecticut-Unified School District #1 established pursuant to section 18-99a within the Department of Correction and State of Connecticut-Unified School District #3 established pursuant to section 17a-240 within the Department of Mental Retardation. All provisions of the general statutes concerning education, except those provisions relating to the eligibility for state aid unless otherwise provided, shall apply to the operation of the vocational-technical schools established pursuant to the provisions of section 10-95. Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, where such a school or school district shows that a particular statutory provision should not apply, the commissioner may grant an exception.

      (P.A. 81-197; P.A. 83-169, S. 7; P.A. 87-499, S. 1, 34; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2.)

      History: P.A. 83-169 changed name designations of special school districts, amending internal references accordingly; P.A. 87-499 substituted 1987 for 1981, made the unified school districts eligible for competitive state aid and deleted the reference to the E.O. Smith School; (Revisor's note: In 1993 an incorrect internal reference to "section 17a-38" was changed editorially by the Revisors to "section 17a-37"); P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993.

      Cited. 45 CS 57.

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      Sec. 10-15e. Applicability of education statutes to incorporated or endowed high schools or academies. All provisions of the general statutes concerning teachers shall apply to teachers employed by incorporated or endowed high schools or academies approved under the provisions of section 10-34. Teachers who are not certified and employed by such high schools or academies prior to June 30, 1983, shall be excluded from the provisions of this section until certified.

      (P.A. 83-219, S. 1, 4.)

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      Sec. 10-16. Length of school year. Each school district shall provide in each school year no less than one hundred and eighty days of actual school sessions for grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, nine hundred hours of actual school work for full-day kindergarten and grades one to twelve, inclusive, and four hundred and fifty hours of half-day kindergarten, provided school districts shall not count more than seven hours of actual school work in any school day towards the total required for the school year. If weather conditions result in an early dismissal or a delayed opening of school, a school district which maintains separate morning and afternoon half-day kindergarten sessions may provide either a morning or afternoon half-day kindergarten session on such day.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1350; 1961, P.A. 86; 1967, P.A. 186, S. 1; P.A. 77-262; P.A. 79-128, S. 4, 36; P.A. 81-78, S. 1, 2; P.A. 82-106, S. 1, 2; P.A. 85-37, S. 1, 2; P.A. 96-161, S. 1, 13; P.A. 98-243, S. 13, 25.)

      History: 1961 act added provisions for computing half a school day and for dismissal because of weather conditions, and changed the technical language; 1967 act included nursery schools in provision for two and one-half hour school day; P.A. 77-262 established two hour session as school day when nursery school or kindergarten dismissed early because of weather conditions or scheduled early closing; P.A. 79-128 deleted qualifying phrase "For the purpose of apportionment" with regard to determination of school days; P.A. 81-78 required that beginning with the fiscal year ending June 30, 1983, each school district shall provide no less than four hundred fifty hours of actual school work for nursery schools and kindergartens and no less than nine hundred hours of actual school work for grades one to twelve; P.A. 82-106 repealed requirement that no less than four hundred fifty hours of actual school work be provided for nursery school and kindergarten students; P.A. 85-37 amended section to require one hundred eighty days of actual school sessions and to allow school districts to count up to seven hours per school day towards the required yearly number of hours; P.A. 96-161 removed requirements for the length of the school day, added requirement for no less than four hundred fifty hours of kindergarten for a school year and added provision allowing school districts which maintain separate kindergarten sessions to provide either a morning or afternoon session if weather conditions result in an early dismissal or delayed opening of school, effective June 3, 1996; P.A. 98-243 added language to set different requirements for half and full-day kindergarten programs, effective July 1, 1998.

      Cited. 152 C. 151. Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38. Cited. 238 C. 1.

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      Sec. 10-16a. Silent meditation. Each local or regional board of education shall provide opportunity at the start of each school day to allow those students and teachers who wish to do so, the opportunity to observe such time in silent meditation.

      (P.A. 75-367, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 13.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "Each local or regional board of education" for "The board of education of each town and of each regional school district".

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      Sec. 10-16b. Prescribed courses of study. (a) In the public schools the program of instruction offered shall include at least the following subject matter, as taught by legally qualified teachers, the arts; career education; consumer education; health and safety, including, but not limited to, human growth and development, nutrition, first aid, disease prevention, community and consumer health, physical, mental and emotional health, including youth suicide prevention, substance abuse prevention, safety, which may include the dangers of gang membership, and accident prevention; language arts, including reading, writing, grammar, speaking and spelling; mathematics; physical education; science; social studies, including, but not limited to, citizenship, economics, geography, government and history; and in addition, on at least the secondary level, one or more foreign languages and vocational education. For purposes of this subsection, language arts may include American sign language or signed English, provided such subject matter is taught by a qualified instructor under the supervision of a teacher who holds a certificate issued by the State Board of Education.

      (b) If a local or regional board of education requires its pupils to take a course in a foreign language, the parent or guardian of a pupil identified as deaf or hearing impaired may request in writing that such pupil be exempted from such requirement and, if such a request is made, such pupil shall be exempt from such requirement.

      (c) Each local and regional board of education shall on September 1, 1982, and annually thereafter at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, attest to the State Board of Education that such local or regional board of education offers at least the program of instruction required pursuant to this section, and that such program of instruction is planned, ongoing and systematic.

      (d) The State Board of Education shall make available curriculum materials and such other materials as may assist local and regional boards of education in developing instructional programs pursuant to this section. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations and utilizing available resource materials, shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to include: (1) Holocaust education and awareness; (2) the historical events surrounding the Great Famine in Ireland; (3) African-American history; (4) Puerto Rican history; (5) Native American history; (6) personal financial management; and (7) topics approved by the state board upon the request of local or regional boards of education as part of the program of instruction offered pursuant to subsection (a) of this section.

      (P.A. 78-218, S. 11; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 79-128, S. 13, 36; P.A. 80-166, S. 2; P.A. 89-133, S. 1, 2; 89-185, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-416, S. 6, 10; P.A. 95-101, S. 1; P.A. 97-45, S. 1; 97-61, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 78-303 allowed substitution of commissioner of education for secretary of state board of education in accordance with P.A. 77-614, S. 302, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-128 replaced specific subject listings with more general subject matter areas and added Subsecs. (b) and (c); P.A. 80-166 changed initial date in Subsec. (b) from "in 1981" to "on September 1, 1982"; P.A. 89-133 in Subsec. (a) added provision that language arts may include certain sign languages, added new Subsec. (b) providing an exemption from foreign language requirements for deaf or hearing impaired pupils and relettered Subsecs. (b) and (c) as Subsecs. (c) and (d); P.A. 89-185 in Subsec. (a) added the subjects which health and safety education shall include but not be limited to; P.A. 93-416 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that "safety" may include the dangers of gang membership, effective June 29, 1993; P.A. 95-101 added provision concerning Holocaust education and awareness in Subsec. (d); P.A. 97-45 amended Subsec. (d) to add provision concerning the Great Famine in Ireland; P.A. 97-61 amended Subsec. (d) to expand the list of topics for programs of instruction to include African-American History, Puerto-Rican History, Native American History, personal financial management and topics approved by the State Board of Education at the request of local or regional boards of education.

      See Sec. 10-19 re courses concerning effects of alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs.

      See Sec. 10-221a re high school graduation requirements.

      See Sec. 29-7n(a) re definition of "gang".

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38. Cited. 238 C. 1.

      Subsec. (a):

      Cited. 195 C. 24, 33, 41, 42.

      Cited. 44 CA 179.

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      Sec. 10-16c. State board to develop family life education curriculum guides. The State Board of Education shall, on or before September 1, 1980, develop curriculum guides to aid local and regional boards of education in developing family life education programs within the public schools. The curriculum guides shall include, but not be limited to, information on developing a curriculum including family planning, human sexuality, parenting, nutrition and the emotional, physical, psychological, hygienic, economic and social aspects of family life, provided the curriculum guides shall not include information pertaining to abortion as an alternative to family planning.

      (P.A. 79-463, S. 1.)

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      Sec. 10-16d. Family life education programs not mandatory. Nothing in sections 10-16c to 10-16f, inclusive, shall be construed to require any local or regional board of education to develop or institute such family life education programs.

      (P.A. 79-463, S. 2.)

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      Sec. 10-16e. Students not required to participate in family life education programs. No student shall be required by any local or regional board of education to participate in any such family life program which may be offered within such public schools. A written notification to the local or regional board by the student's parent or legal guardian shall be sufficient to exempt the student from such program in its entirety or from any portion thereof so specified by the parent or legal guardian.

      (P.A. 79-463, S. 3.)

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      Sec. 10-16f. Family life programs to supplement required curriculum. Any such family life program instituted by any local or regional board of education shall be in addition to and not a substitute for any health, education, hygiene or similar curriculum requirements in effect on October 1, 1979.

      (P.A. 79-463, S. 4.)

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      Secs. 10-16g to 10-16k. Increased student time on task; grants. Application for grants; selection criteria. Project evaluations; statement of expenditures. Assistance and information to school districts. Continuation of pilot program; report. Sections 10-16g to 10-16k, inclusive, are repealed.

      (P.A. 85-487, S. 1-6; P.A. 86-333, S. 21, 22, 32; P.A. 88-136, S. 36, 37.)

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      Sec. 10-16l. Establishment of graduation date. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, a local or regional board of education may establish for any school year a firm graduation date for students in grade twelve which is no earlier than the one hundred eighty-fifth day noted in the school calendar originally adopted by the board for that school year, except that a board on or after April first in any school year may establish such a firm graduation date for that school year which at the time of such establishment provides for at least one hundred eighty days of school.

      (P.A. 87-270, S. 3, 4; P.A. 88-360, S. 54, 63; P.A. 93-353, S. 50, 52; P.A. 96-108, S. 2, 3.)

      History: P.A. 88-360 substituted "each grade participating in graduation exercises" for "grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive," and "grades one to twelve, inclusive,"; P.A. 93-353 deleted the existing provisions and substituted new provisions concerning the date of graduation exercises, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 96-108 added exception for the establishment of graduation dates after April first in any school year, effective April 30, 1996.

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      Sec. 10-16m. Extended-day kindergarten. Grants. Section 10-16m is repealed.

      (P.A. 87-357, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-360, S. 45, 63; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 21, 22.)

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      Sec. 10-16n. Head Start grant program. Grant allocation. Advisory committee. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, shall establish a competitive grant program to assist nonprofit agencies and local and regional boards of education, which are federal Head Start grantees, in (1) establishing extended-day and full-day, year-round, Head Start programs or expanding existing Head Start programs to extended-day or full-day, year-round programs, (2) enhancing program quality and (3) increasing the number of children served. The commissioner, after consultation with the committee established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, shall establish criteria for the grants, provided at least twenty-five per cent of the funding for such grants shall be for the purpose of enhancing program quality. Nonprofit agencies or boards of education seeking grants pursuant to this section shall make application to the Commissioner of Education on such forms and at such times as the commissioner shall prescribe. All grants pursuant to this section shall be funded within the limits of available appropriations or otherwise from federal funds and private donations. At least seventy-five per cent of the funding pursuant to this section shall be allocated to Head Start programs established prior to July 1, 1992. All full-day, year-round Head Start programs funded pursuant to this section shall be in compliance with federal Head Start performance standards.

      (b) The Department of Education shall annually allocate to each town in which the number of children under the aid to dependent children program, as defined in subdivision (14) of section 10-262f, equals or exceeds nine hundred children, determined for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1996, an amount equal to one hundred fifty thousand dollars plus eight and one-half dollars for each child under the aid to dependent children program, provided such amount may be reduced proportionately so that the total amount awarded pursuant to this subsection does not exceed two million seven hundred thousand dollars. The department shall award grants to the local and regional boards of education for such towns and nonprofit agencies located in such towns which meet the criteria established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section to maintain the programs established or expanded with funds provided pursuant to this subsection in the fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, and June 30, 1997. Any funds remaining in the allocation to such a town after grants are so awarded shall be used to increase allocations to other such towns. Any funds remaining after grants are so awarded to boards of education and nonprofit agencies in all such towns shall be available to local and regional boards of education and nonprofit agencies in other towns in the state for grants for such purposes.

      (c) There is established a committee to advise the Commissioner of Education concerning the coordination, priorities for allocation and distribution, and utilization of funds for Head Start and concerning the competitive grant program established under this section, and to evaluate programs funded pursuant to this section. The committee shall consist of twelve members as follows: One member designated by the Commissioner of Social Services; six members who are directors of Head Start programs, two from community action agency program sites or school readiness coordinators, one of whom shall be appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate and one by the speaker of the House of Representatives, two from school program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the majority leader of the Senate and one by the majority leader of the House of Representatives, and two from other nonprofit agency program sites, one of whom shall be appointed by the minority leader of the Senate and one by the minority leader of the House of Representatives; one member designated by the Commission on Children; one member designated by the Early Childhood Education Council; one member designated by the Head Start Directors Association who shall be the parent of a present or former Head Start student; one member designated by the Connecticut Association for Community Action who shall have expertise and experience concerning Head Start; and one member designated by the Office of Human Development Services, Office of Community Programs, Region 1 of the federal Department of Health and Human Services.

      (d) The Commissioner of Education may adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, for purposes of this section.

      (P.A. 91-269, S. 1, 2; P.A. 92-222, S. 1, 3; P.A. 93-262, S. 33, 87; P.A. 95-266, S. 3, 5; P.A. 97-247, S. 7, 27; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-1, S. 32, 46.)

      History: P.A. 92-222 transferred the program from the department of human resources to the department of education, added Subdivs. (2) and (3) in Subsec. (a), required twenty-five per cent of the funding for grants to be used to enhance program quality, changed the applicable date in Subsec. (a) from June 25, 1991, to July 1, 1992, and increased the membership of the advisory committee from eleven to thirteen by adding a member designated by the commission on children and a member designated by the Connecticut Association for Community Action; P.A. 93-262 replaced references to commissioner of income maintenance and commissioner of human resources with references to commissioner of social services, effectively reducing committee membership from thirteen to twelve members, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-266 inserted new Subsec. (b) re allocation for fiscal years ending June 30, 1996, and June 30, 1997, relettering former Subsecs. (b) and (c) as (c) and (d), effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 97-247 made a technical change in Subsec. (a) and in Subsec. (b) provided for annual grants, provided for proportional reductions so that the total amount of grants does not exceed two million seven hundred thousand dollars, and changed the provision dealing with how grant funds are to be used, effective July 1, 1997; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 00-1 amended Subsec. (c) to expand committee membership to include school readiness coordinators, effective June 21, 2000.

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      Sec. 10-16o. Development of network of school readiness programs. The state shall encourage the development of a network of school readiness programs pursuant to sections 10-16p to 10-16r, inclusive, 10-16u and 17b-749a in order to:

      (1) Provide open access for children to quality programs that promote the health and safety of children and prepare them for formal schooling;

      (2) Provide opportunities for parents to choose among affordable and accredited programs;

      (3) Encourage coordination and cooperation among programs and prevent the duplication of services;

      (4) Recognize the specific service needs and unique resources available to particular municipalities and provide flexibility in the implementation of programs;

      (5) Prevent or minimize the potential for developmental delay in children prior to their reaching the age of five;

      (6) Enhance federally funded school readiness programs;

      (7) Strengthen the family through: (A) Encouragement of parental involvement in a child's development and education; and (B) enhancement of a family's capacity to meet the special needs of the children, including children with disabilities;

      (8) Reduce educational costs by decreasing the need for special education services for school age children and to avoid grade repetition;

      (9) Assure that children with disabilities are integrated into programs available to children who are not disabled; and

      (10) Improve the availability and quality of school readiness programs and their coordination with the services of child care providers.

      (P.A. 97-259, S. 1, 41; P.A. 00-187, S. 10, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 10, 54; P.A. 03-76, S. 39; P.A. 04-215, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 00-187 added reference to Sec. 10-16u, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subdiv. (10) to add provision re coordination with the services of child care providers, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subdiv. (5), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-215 amended Subdiv. (2) by deleting reference to "approved" programs, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-16p. Definitions. Lead agency for school readiness; standards. Grant programs. (a) As used in sections 10-16o to 10-16r, inclusive, 10-16u, 17b-749a and 17b-749c:

      (1) "School readiness program" means a nonsectarian program that (A) meets the standards set by the department pursuant to subsection (b) of this section and the requirements of section 10-16q, and (B) provides a developmentally appropriate learning experience of not less than four hundred fifty hours and one hundred eighty days for eligible children, except as provided in subsection (d) of said section 10-16q;

      (2) "Eligible children" means children three and four years of age and children five years of age who are not eligible to enroll in school pursuant to section 10-15c, or who are eligible to enroll in school and will attend a school readiness program pursuant to section 10-16t;

      (3) "Priority school" means a school in which forty per cent or more of the lunches served are served to students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches pursuant to federal law and regulations, excluding such a school located in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p or in a former priority school district receiving a grant pursuant to subsection (c) of this section and, on and after July 1, 2001, excluding such a school in a transitional school district receiving a grant pursuant to section 10-16u;

      (4) "Severe need school" means a school in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p or in a former priority school district in which forty per cent or more of the lunches served are served to students who are eligible for free or reduced price lunches;

      (5) "Accredited" means accredited by the National Association for the Education of Young Children, a Head Start on-site program review instrument or a successor instrument pursuant to federal regulations, or otherwise meeting such criteria as may be established by the commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services;

      (6) "Year-round" means fifty weeks per year, except as provided in subsection (d) of section 10-16q;

      (7) "Commissioner" means the Commissioner of Education; and

      (8) "Department" means the Department of Education.

      (b) The Department of Education shall be the lead agency for school readiness. For purposes of this section and section 10-16u, school readiness program providers eligible for funding from the Department of Education shall include local and regional boards of education, regional educational service centers, family resource centers and providers of child day care centers, as defined in section 19a-77, Head Start programs, preschool programs and other programs that meet such standards established by the Commissioner of Education. The department shall establish standards for school readiness programs. The standards may include, but need not be limited to, guidelines for staff-child interactions, curriculum content, including preliteracy development, lesson plans, parent involvement, staff qualifications and training, and administration. The department shall develop age-appropriate developmental skills and goals for children attending such programs. The commissioner, in consultation with the Commissioners of Higher Education and Social Services and other appropriate entities, shall develop a continuing education training program for the staff of school readiness programs. For purposes of this section, on and after July 1, 2004, "staff qualifications" means there is in each classroom an individual who has at least the following: (1) A credential issued by an organization approved by the Commissioner of Education and nine credits or more, and on and after July 1, 2005, twelve credits or more, in early childhood education or child development from an institution of higher education accredited by the Board of Governors of Higher Education or regionally accredited; (2) an associate's degree with nine credits or more, and on and after July 1, 2005, twelve credits or more, in early childhood education or child development from such an institution; (3) a four-year degree with nine credits or more, and on and after July 1, 2005, twelve credits or more, in early childhood education or child development from such an institution; or (4) certification pursuant to section 10-145b with an endorsement in early childhood education or special education.

      (c) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, shall establish a grant program to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs for eligible children who reside in priority school districts pursuant to section 10-266p or in former priority school districts as provided in this subsection. Under the program, the grant shall be provided, in accordance with this section, to the town in which such priority school district or former priority school district is located. Eligibility shall be determined for a five-year period based on an applicant's designation as a priority school district for the initial year of application, except that if a school district that receives a grant pursuant to this subsection is no longer designated as a priority school district at the end of such five-year period, such former priority school district shall continue to be eligible to receive a grant pursuant to this subsection. Grant awards shall be made annually contingent upon available funding and a satisfactory annual evaluation. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools for such priority school district or former priority school district shall submit a plan for the expenditure of grant funds and responses to the local request for proposal process to the Departments of Education and Social Services. The departments shall jointly review such plans and shall each approve the portion of such plan within its jurisdiction for funding. The plan shall: (1) Be developed in consultation with the local or regional school readiness council established pursuant to section 10-16r; (2) be based on a needs and resource assessment; (3) provide for the issuance of requests for proposals for providers of accredited school readiness programs, provided, after the initial requests for proposals, facilities that have been approved to operate a child care program financed through the Connecticut Health and Education Facilities Authority and have received a commitment for debt service from the Department of Social Services pursuant to section 17b-749i, are exempt from the requirement for issuance of annual requests for proposals; and (4) identify the need for funding pursuant to section 17b-749a in order to extend the hours and days of operation of school readiness programs in order to provide child day care services for children attending such programs.

      (d) (1) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, shall establish a competitive grant program to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs for eligible children who reside in an area served by a priority school or a former priority school as provided for in subdivision (2) of this subsection or in a town ranked one to twenty-eight when all towns are ranked in ascending order according to town wealth, as defined in subdivision (26) of section 10-262f, whose school district is not a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p. A town in which such a school is located or a regional school readiness council, pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16r, for a region in which such a school is located may apply for such a grant in an amount not to exceed one hundred seven thousand dollars per priority school. Eligibility shall be determined for a five-year period based on an applicant's designation as having a priority school for the initial year of application. Grant awards shall be made annually contingent upon available funding and a satisfactory annual evaluation. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools of the school district or the regional school readiness council shall submit a plan, as described in subsection (c) of this section, for the expenditure of such grant funds to the Department of Education. In awarding grants pursuant to this subsection, the commissioner shall give preference to applications submitted by regional school readiness councils and may, within available appropriations, provide a grant in excess of one hundred seven thousand dollars to towns with two or more priority schools in such district. A town or regional school readiness council awarded a grant pursuant to this subsection shall use the funds to purchase spaces for such children from providers of accredited school readiness programs.

      (2) (A) Commencing with the fiscal year ending June 30, 2004, if a town received a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection for a priority school and is no longer eligible to receive such a grant for such school, the town may receive a phase-out grant for each of the three fiscal years following the fiscal year such town received its final grant for such school pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection.

      (B) The amount of such phase-out grants shall be determined as follows: (i) For the first fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final priority school grant for such school pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed seventy-five per cent of the grant amount such town received for such school for the school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection; (ii) for the second fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final priority school grant for such school pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed fifty per cent of the grant amount such town received for such school for the school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection; (iii) for the third fiscal year following the fiscal year such town received its final priority school grant for such school pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, in an amount that does not exceed twenty-five per cent of the grant amount such town received for such school for the school's final year of eligibility pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection.

      (e) (1) Priority school districts and former priority school districts shall receive grants based on their proportional share of the sum of the products obtained by multiplying the average number of enrolled kindergarten students in each priority school district and in each former priority school district for the three years prior to the year the grant is to be paid, by the ratio of the average percentage of free and reduced price meals for all severe need schools in such district to the minimum percentage requirement for severe need school eligibility, provided no such school district shall receive a grant that is less than the grant it received for the prior fiscal year or a grant that is less than one hundred fifty thousand dollars.

      (2) The Department of Education may retain up to five-tenths of one per cent of the amount appropriated for purposes of this section for coordination, program evaluation and administration.

      (3) If a town that is eligible for a grant pursuant to subsection (c) of this section does not submit, by October first, a plan which is subsequently approved for the expenditure of the entire amount of funds for which such town is eligible, the department may use up to seventy per cent of any amounts such town has not earmarked for expenditure, to provide supplemental grants to other towns that are eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and the remaining thirty per cent of any amounts such town has not earmarked for expenditure, for school readiness professional development, including, but not limited to, scholarship assistance for school readiness staff to attain early childhood education certification and staff training to enhance literacy teaching skills.

      (f) Any school readiness program that receives funds pursuant to this section or section 10-16u shall not discriminate on the basis of race, color, national origin, gender, religion or disability. For purposes of this section, a nonsectarian program means any public or private school readiness program that is not violative of the Establishment Clause of the Constitution of the State of Connecticut or the Establishment Clause of the Constitution of the United States of America.

      (g) Subject to the provisions of this subsection, no funds received by a town pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section or section 10-16u shall be used to supplant federal, state or local funding received by such town for early childhood education, provided (1) a town may use the greater of (A) twenty-five thousand dollars, or (B) up to five per cent but no more than fifty thousand dollars of the amount received pursuant to subsection (c) or (d) of this section or section 10-16u for coordination, program evaluation and administration, and (2) if a town provides twenty-five thousand dollars in local funding for early childhood education coordination, program evaluation and administration, such town may use up to ten per cent but no more than seventy-five thousand dollars of such amount for coordination, program evaluation and administration. Each town that receives a grant pursuant to said subsection (c) or (d) or section 10-16u shall designate a person to be responsible for such coordination, program evaluation and administration and to act as a liaison between the town and the Departments of Education and Social Services. Each school readiness program that receives funds pursuant to this section or section 10-16u shall provide information to the department or the school readiness council, as requested, that is necessary for purposes of any school readiness program evaluation.

      (h) For the first three years a town receives grants pursuant to this section, such grants may be used, with the approval of the commissioner, to prepare a facility or staff for operating a school readiness program and shall be adjusted based on the number of days of operation of a school readiness program if a shorter term of operation is approved by the commissioner.

      (i) A town may use grant funds to purchase spaces for eligible children who reside in such town at an accredited school readiness program located in another town. A regional school readiness council may use grant funds to purchase spaces for eligible children who reside in the region covered by the council at an accredited school readiness program located outside such region.

      (j) Children enrolled in school readiness programs funded pursuant to this section shall not be counted (1) as resident students for purposes of subdivision (22) of section 10-262f, or (2) in the determination of average daily membership pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-261.

      (P.A. 97-259, S. 2, 41; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11, S. 25, 65; P.A. 98-239, S. 30, 35; 98-252, S. 32, 80; P.A. 99-230, S. 1, 10; P.A. 00-187, S. 4, 75; P.A. 01-173, S. 48, 67; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 11-13, 54; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7, S. 10; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 15, 30, 32; P.A. 04-15, S. 1; 04-26, S. 1; 04-215, S. 2; 04-254, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; June 18 Sp. Sess. P.A. 97-11 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change in Subdiv. (3), to new Subdiv. (4) defining "severe need school" and to redesignate former Subdivs. (4) to (7) as Subdivs. (5) to (8), effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-239 amended Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (c) to provide that, after the initial requests for proposals, facilities approved to operate a child care program financed through CHEFA and which have received a commitment for debt service pursuant to Sec. 17b-749i are exempt from the requirement for issuance of annual requests for proposals, effective June 8, 1998, and applicable to all grants submitted on and after July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-252 amended Subdiv. (1) of Subsec. (a) to allow the commissioner to approve programs for the fiscal years ending June 30, 1998, and June 30, 1999, that are for less hours and days, amended Subsecs. (c) and (d) to make technical changes, amended Subdiv. (3) of Subsec. (e) to remove cap of one hundred twenty thousand dollars per fiscal year, amended Subsec. (g) to allow a town to use up to five per cent but no more than fifty thousand dollars for coordination, program evaluation and administration, and added new Subsec. (h) re use of grants in certain years to prepare a facility or staff for operating a program, effective June 8, 1998; P.A. 99-230 amended Subsec. (a)(2) to add children attending pursuant to Sec. 10-16t, to renumber existing Subsec. (a)(7) and (8) as Subsec. (a)(8) and (9) and to add new Subsec. (a)(7) defining "year-round", amended Subsec. (e) to change the percentages in Subdivs. (1) to (3), inclusive, and to add Subdiv. (4) re use of a percentage of grant funds not earmarked by town for expenditure, and amended Subsec.(g) to add Subdiv. (2) re authorization to use increased amount of grant funds for coordination, program evaluation and administration for towns that provide twenty-five thousand dollars in local funding for such purposes, to require towns that receive grants to designate a person to be responsible for coordination, program evaluation and administration and to act as a liaison between the town and the departments, and to require programs to provide information for evaluation purposes, and added Subsecs. (i) re purchase of spaces in program in another town or region and (j) re children not counted as resident students for purposes of Sec. 10-262f, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 added provisions re transitional school districts and former priority school districts, amended Subsec. (b) to specify the standards for staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2003, amended Subsec. (d) to allow the awarding of grants in excess of one hundred thousand dollars to towns with one or more priority schools, amended Subsec. (e) to base grants on the "average" number of enrolled kindergarten students in a priority school district for the "three years" prior to the year the grant is to be paid rather than on the number of such students for the prior year and to provide that no such district receives a grant that is less than the grant it received for the prior fiscal year, and amended Subsec. (h) to extend the provision to the fiscal year ending June 30, 2001, and add requirement for the commissioner's approval, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (j) to designate portion of existing provisions as Subdiv. (1) and add Subdiv. (2) re determination of average daily membership, effective July 1, 2001; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (b) to require curriculum content to include preliteracy development, amended Subsec. (c)(1) to add reference to the "regional" school readiness council, amended Subsec. (e) in Subdiv. (1) to establish a threshold for grants of at least one hundred fifty thousand dollars and in Subdiv. (4) to increase the percentage of funds that are not earmarked that the department is able to use from ten to fifty per cent, amended Subsec. (g)(1) to allow a town to use the greater of the amounts pursuant to Subparas. (A) or (B), to designate the existing limit as Subpara. (B) and to add Subpara. (A) re twenty-five thousand dollars, and amended Subsec. (h) to remove limitation on the provision for specific fiscal years and to substitute limitation for the first three years a town receives grants, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-7 added Subsec. (k) re appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2003, effective August 15, 2002 (Revisor's note: In Subsec. (k) the numeric dollar amounts "$2,576,580" and "$198,199" were replaced editorially by the Revisors with "two million five hundred seventy-six thousand five hundred eighty dollars" and "one hundred ninety-eight thousand one hundred ninety-nine dollars" for consistency with customary statutory usage); June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 amended Subsec. (b) to make definition of "staff qualifications" applicable beginning July 1, 2004, rather than July 1, 2003, amended Subsec. (d) by designating existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), adding reference to former priority schools therein and adding Subdiv. (2) re grants for former priority schools and amended Subsec. (k) by adding provisions re appropriations for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-15 amended Subsec. (b) to change staff qualifications on and after July 1, 2005, in Subdivs. (1), (2) and (3), and to add Subdiv. (4) re endorsement in early childhood education or special education, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-26 made technical changes in Subsec. (d)(2), effective April 28, 2004; P.A. 04-215 deleted definition of "approved" in Subsec. (a), made technical changes throughout, deleted "or approved" re school readiness program throughout, amended Subsec. (d) to increase maximum grant amount from one hundred thousand to one hundred seven thousand dollars and amended Subsec. (e) by deleting provision in Subdiv. (1) re per cent amount of appropriation for noncompetitive grant, deleting former Subdiv. (2) re per cent amount of appropriation for competitive grant, and amending redesignated Subdiv. (3) by changing plan submission deadline from January first, to October first, by increasing amount of funds not earmarked for expenditure that department may use from fifty to seventy per cent, and by adding provision re amounts that may be used for school readiness professional development, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-254 amended Subsec. (d)(1) by adding provision re towns ranked according to wealth and deleted former Subsec. (k) re appropriations for fiscal years ending June 30, 2003, June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-16q. School readiness program requirements. Per child cost limitation. Sliding fee scale. Waiver from schedule requirements. (a) Each school readiness program shall include: (1) A plan for collaboration with other community programs and services, including public libraries, and for coordination of resources in order to facilitate full-day and year-round child care and education programs for children of working parents and parents in education or training programs; (2) parent involvement, parenting education and outreach; (3) (A) record-keeping policies that require documentation of the name and address of each child's doctor, primary care provider and health insurance company and information on whether the child is immunized and has had health screens pursuant to the federal Early and Periodic Screening, Diagnostic and Treatment Services Program under 42 USC 1396d, and (B) referrals for health services, including referrals for appropriate immunizations and screenings; (4) a plan for the incorporation of appropriate preliteracy practices and teacher training in such practices; (5) nutrition services; (6) referrals to family literacy programs that incorporate adult basic education and provide for the promotion of literacy through access to public library services; (7) admission policies that promote enrollment of children from different racial, ethnic and economic backgrounds and from other communities; (8) a plan of transition for participating children from the school readiness program to kindergarten and provide for the transfer of records from the program to the kindergarten program; (9) a plan for professional development for staff, including, but not limited to, training (A) in preliteracy skills development, and (B) designed to assure respect for racial and ethnic diversity; (10) a sliding fee scale for families participating in the program pursuant to section 17b-749d; and (11) an annual evaluation of the effectiveness of the program. On and after July 1, 2000, school readiness programs shall use the assessment measures developed pursuant to section 10-16s in conducting their annual evaluations.

      (b) The per child cost of the Department of Education school readiness component of the program offered by a school readiness provider shall not exceed six thousand four hundred dollars. A school readiness provider may provide child day care services and the cost of such child day care services shall not be subject to such per child cost limitation.

      (c) A local or regional board of education may implement a sliding fee scale for the cost of services provided to children enrolled in a school readiness program.

      (d) A town or school readiness council may file a waiver application to the Department of Education on forms provided by the department for the purpose of seeking approval of a school readiness schedule that varies from the minimum hours and number of days provided for in subdivision (1) of subsection (a) of section 10-16p or from the definition of a year-round program pursuant to subdivision (7) of said subsection (a). The Department of Education may, in consultation with the Department of Social Services, approve any such waiver if the departments find that the proposed schedule meets the purposes set forth in the provisions of section 10-16o concerning the development of school readiness programs and maximizes available dollars to serve more children or address community needs.

      (P.A. 97-259, S. 3, 41; P.A. 98-243, S. 11, 25; P.A. 99-230, S. 2, 10; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 14, 54; P.A. 04-215, S. 3.)

      History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-243 amended Subsec. (a) to add "public libraries" in Subdiv. (1) and provision for the transfer of records in Subdiv. (7), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-230 amended Subsec. (a) to make the existing Subdiv. (3) Subpara. (B) and to add Subpara. (A) re record-keeping policies, and to require the use of assessment measures developed pursuant to section 10-16s for annual evaluations, effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (a) to renumber Subdivs. (4) to (10) as Subdivs. (5) to (11), to add new Subdiv. (4) re preliteracy practices and in Subdiv. (9) to include plan requirements in Subparas. (A) and (B), effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-215 amended Subsec. (b) to change the maximum per child cost from foundation, as defined in Sec. 10-262f(9), to six thousand four hundred dollars, and added Subsec. (d) re waiver from requirements of school readiness schedule, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-16r. Local school readiness councils; duties. Regional school readiness councils. (a) A town seeking to apply for a grant pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16p or section 10-16u shall convene a local school readiness council or shall establish a regional school readiness council pursuant to subsection (c) of this section. Any other town may convene such a council. The chief elected official of the town or, in the case of a regional school district, the chief elected officials of the towns in the school district and the superintendent of schools for the school district shall jointly appoint and convene such council. Each school readiness council shall be composed of: (1) The chief elected official, or the official's designee; (2) the superintendent of schools, or a management level staff person as the superintendent's designee; (3) parents; (4) representatives from local programs such as Head Start, family resource centers, nonprofit and for-profit child day care centers, group day care homes, prekindergarten and nursery schools, and family day care home providers; and (5) other representatives from the community who provide services to children. The chief elected official shall designate the chairperson of the school readiness council.

      (b) The local school readiness council shall: (1) Make recommendations to the chief elected official and the superintendent of schools on issues relating to school readiness, including any applications for grants pursuant to sections 10-16p, 10-16u, 17b-749a and 17b-749c; (2) foster partnerships among providers of school readiness programs; (3) assist in the identification of (A) the need for school readiness programs and the number of children not being served by such a program, and (B) for priority school districts pursuant to section 10-266p, the number of children not being served by such a program and the estimated operating cost of providing universal school readiness to eligible children in such districts who are not being served; (4) submit biannual reports to the Department of Education on the number and location of school readiness spaces, estimates of future needs, and the factors identified pursuant to subdivision (3) of this subsection; (5) cooperate with the department in any program evaluation and, on and after July 1, 2000, use measures developed pursuant to section 10-16s for purposes of evaluating the effectiveness of school readiness programs; (6) identify existing and prospective resources and services available to children and families; (7) facilitate the coordination of the delivery of services to children and families, including (A) referral procedures, and (B) before and after-school child care for children attending kindergarten programs; (8) exchange information with other councils, the community and organizations serving the needs of children and families; (9) make recommendations to school officials concerning transition from school readiness programs to kindergarten; and (10) encourage public participation.

      (c) Two or more towns or school districts and appropriate representatives of groups or entities interested in early childhood education in a region may establish a regional school readiness council. If a priority school is located in at least one of such school districts, the regional school readiness council may apply for a grant pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-16p. The regional school readiness council may perform the duties outlined in subdivisions (2) to (10), inclusive, of subsection (b) of this section.

      (P.A. 97-259, S. 4, 41; P.A. 98-243, S. 10, 25; P.A. 99-230, S. 3, 10; P.A. 00-187, S. 11, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 15, 54; P.A. 04-215, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-243 amended Subdiv. (5) of Subsec. (b) to add Subpara. (B) re before and after-school child care, effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-230 amended Subsec. (b) to add new Subdiv. (4) re biannual reports and new Subdiv. (5) re evaluations, and renumbered the existing Subdivs. (4) to (8), inclusive, as Subdivs. (6) to (10), inclusive, and amended Subsec. (c) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to add references to Sec. 10-16u and to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 amended Subsec. (a) to allow a town to establish a regional school readiness council, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-215 amended Subsec. (b) by adding provision in Subdiv. (3) re universal school readiness in priority school districts and by including factors identified pursuant to Subdiv. (3) as part of reporting requirements in Subdiv. (4), effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-16s. Interagency agreement on school readiness. Assessment measures. (a) The Commissioners of Education and Social Services shall develop an agreement to define the duties and responsibilities of their departments concerning school readiness programs. The commissioners shall consult with other affected state agencies. The agreement shall include, but not be limited to, a multiyear interagency agreement to establish and implement an integrated school readiness plan. Functions to be described and responsibilities to be undertaken by the two departments shall be delineated in the agreement.

      (b) On or before January 1, 2000, the commissioners shall adopt assessment measures for use by school readiness programs in conducting their annual evaluations pursuant to section 10-16q. The commissioners may adopt the assessment measures used for Head Start programs.

      (P.A. 97-259, S. 6, 41; P.A. 99-230, S. 4, 10.)

      History: P.A. 97-259 effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 99-230 designated existing Sec. as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re assessment measures, effective July 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-16t. Participation by five-year-olds in school readiness programs. A local school readiness council may elect to reserve up to five per cent of the spaces in its school readiness programs for children who are five years of age and are eligible to attend school pursuant to section 10-15c. Such children shall only be eligible to participate in the school readiness program if they have been in the program for at least one year and the parent or legal guardian of such a child, the school readiness program provider and the local or regional school district in which the child would otherwise be attending school agree that the child is not ready for kindergarten.

      (P.A. 99-230, S. 9, 10.)

      History: P.A. 99-230 effective July 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-16u. Grants for school readiness programs in transitional school districts. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2002, and each fiscal year thereafter, the Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services, shall provide grants, within available appropriations, to eligible school readiness program providers pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-16p to provide spaces in accredited school readiness programs for eligible children who reside in transitional school districts pursuant to section 10-263c, except for transitional school districts eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-16p. Under the program, the grant shall be provided to the town in which such transitional school district is located. Eligibility shall be determined for a five-year period based on a school district's designation as a transitional school district in the initial year of application, except that grants pursuant to this section shall not be provided for transitional school districts eligible for grants pursuant to subsection (c) of said section 10-16p. Grant awards shall be made annually contingent upon available funding and a satisfactory annual evaluation. The chief elected official of such town and the superintendent of schools for such transitional school district shall submit a plan for the expenditure of grant funds and responses to the local request for proposal process to the Departments of Education and Social Services. The departments shall jointly review such plans and shall each approve the portion of such plan within its jurisdiction for funding. The plan shall meet the requirements specified in subsection (c) of said section 10-16p.

      (P.A. 00-187, S. 9, 75; P.A. 04-215, S. 4.)

      History: P.A. 00-187 effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 04-215 deleted reference to "approved" programs, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-16v. After school committee established. Appointment of members. Report and recommendations. Acceptance of funding. Report to General Assembly. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services and the executive director of the Commission on Children, shall establish an after school committee.

      (b) The after school committee shall be appointed by the Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Commissioner of Social Services and the executive director of the Commission on Children and shall include, but not be limited to, persons having expertise in after school programs, after school program providers, local elected officials, members of community agencies, members of the business community and professional educators.

      (c) The after school committee may report on and make recommendations, including, but not be limited to, the following: (1) Identification of existing state, federal and private resources to support and sustain after school programs; (2) methods and practices to enhance coordination and goal setting among state agencies to achieve efficiencies and to encourage training and local technical assistance with respect to after school programs; (3) identification of best practices; (4) methods of encouraging community-based providers; (5) professional development; (6) measures to address barriers to after school programs; and (7) a private and public governance structure that ensures sustainability for after school programs.

      (d) The Commissioner of Education may seek and accept funding from private organizations that do not receive grants or other funding from the Department of Education to implement the provisions of this section.

      (e) The after school committee shall report, in accordance with section 11-4a, its findings pursuant to this section to the General Assembly by February 1, 2004.

      (P.A. 03-206, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 03-P.A. 03-206 effective July 9, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-17. English language to be medium of instruction. Exception. The medium of instruction and administration in all public and private elementary schools shall be the English language, except that instruction as provided in sections 10-17a and 10-17f may be given in any language other than English to any pupil who, by reason of foreign birth, ancestry or otherwise, experiences difficulty in reading and understanding English.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1351; 1971, P.A. 432, S. 1; P.A. 77-588, S. 4, 7.)

      History: 1971 act deleted restriction limiting foreign language study to one hour a day, added provision allowing bilingual education and deleted penalty provision for violation of former section; P.A. 77-588 substituted reference to Sec. 10-17f for Sec. 10-17b.

      Cited. 152 C. 151. Cited. 226 C. 704, 729.

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      Sec. 10-17a. Establishment of bilingual and bicultural program. Any local or regional board of education may establish at any level of instruction a bilingual and bicultural program of study involving a culture in which a language other than English is predominantly spoken, provided the purpose of such program shall be to enable children to become proficient in English. A private school may, with the approval of the State Board of Education, establish such a program of bilingual education.

      (1971, P.A. 432, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 14.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 specified "local or regional" boards of education.

      Cited. 226 C. 704, 729. Cited. 238 C. 1.

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      Secs. 10-17b and 10-17c. Instruction bilingually and biculturally; procedures, materials and equipment; purpose. Advice and assistance of state board; evaluation of programs. Sections 10-17b and 10-17c are repealed.

      (1971, P.A. 432, S. 3, 4, 6; P.A. 73-317; P.A. 78-218, S. 15, 16; P.A. 82-314, S. 47, 63; P.A. 84-255, S. 20, 21.)

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      Sec. 10-17d. Application for and receipt of federal funds. Subject to the regulations adopted by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-11, each local or regional board of education shall have the power to apply for and to receive federal funds made available directly to local communities for the programs provided in sections 10-17, 10-17a and 10-17f.

      (1971, P.A. 432, S. 5; P.A. 77-588, S. 5, 7; P.A. 78-218, S. 17; P.A. 84-255, S. 5, 21.)

      History: P.A. 77-588 substituted "10-17c" for "10-17d" and added reference to Sec. 10-17f; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local or regional board of education" for "board of education of a school district"; P.A. 84-255 deleted reference to Secs. 10-17b and 10-17c, repealed in the act.

      Cited. 226 C. 704, 729.

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      Sec. 10-17e. Definitions. Whenever used in sections 10-17 and 10-17d to 10-17g, inclusive:

      (1) "Eligible students" means students enrolled in public schools in grades kindergarten to twelve, inclusive, whose dominant language is other than English and whose proficiency in English is not sufficient to assure equal educational opportunity in the regular school program;

      (2) "Program of bilingual education" means a program that: (A) Makes instructional use of both English and an eligible student's native language; (B) enables eligible students to achieve English proficiency and academic mastery of subject matter content and higher order skills, including critical thinking, so as to meet appropriate grade promotion and graduation requirements; (C) provides for the continuous increase in the use of English and corresponding decrease in the use of the native language for the purpose of instruction within each year and from year to year and provides for the use of English for more than half of the instructional time by the end of the first year; (D) may develop the native language skills of eligible students; and (E) may include the participation of English-proficient students if the program is designed to enable all enrolled students to become more proficient in English and a second language.

      (3) "English as a second language program" means a program that uses only English as the instructional language for eligible students and enables such students to achieve English proficiency and academic mastery of subject matter content and higher order skills, including critical thinking, so as to meet appropriate grade promotion and graduation requirements.

      (P.A. 77-588, S. 1, 7; P.A. 85-613, S. 91, 154; P.A. 99-211, S. 1, 10.)

      History: P.A. 85-613 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 10-17g for reference to Sec. 10-17h; P.A. 99-211 deleted the existing definition of program of bilingual education and substituted a new definition and added the definition of English as a second language program, effective July 1, 1999.

      Cited. 226 C. 704, 729.

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      Sec. 10-17f. Duties of boards of education regarding bilingual education programs. Development of state English mastery standard. Regulations. (a) Annually, the board of education for each local and regional school district shall ascertain, in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education, the eligible students in such school district and shall classify such students according to their dominant language.

      (b) Whenever it is ascertained that there are in any public school within a local or regional school district twenty or more eligible students classified as dominant in any one language other than English, the board of education of such district shall provide a program of bilingual education for such eligible students for the school year next following. Eligible students shall be placed in such program in accordance with subsection (e) of this section.

      (c) On or before July 1, 2000, the State Board of Education, within available appropriations, shall develop a state English mastery standard to assess the linguistic and academic progress of students in programs of bilingual education. On and after September 1, 2000, each local and regional board of education shall assess, annually, the progress made by each student toward meeting the state standard. If a student is not making sufficient progress toward meeting the state standard based on the assessment, the local or regional board of education shall provide language support services to the student in consultation with the parent or guardian of the student to allow the student to meet the state standard. Such services may include, but need not be limited to, summer school, after-school assistance and tutoring. If a student meets the state standard based on the assessment, the student shall leave the program. Each local and regional board of education shall document on a student's permanent record the date the student begins in a program of bilingual education and the date and results of the assessments required pursuant to this subsection.

      (d) Each local and regional board of education shall limit the time an eligible student spends in a program of bilingual education to thirty months, whether or not such months are consecutive, except that summer school and two-way language programs pursuant to subsection (i) of this section shall not be counted. If an eligible student does not meet the English mastery standard at the end of thirty months, the local or regional board of education shall provide language transition support services to such student. Such services may include, but need not be limited to, English as a second language programs, sheltered English programs, English immersion programs, tutoring and homework assistance. Families may also receive guidance from school professionals to help their children make progress in their native language. If an eligible student enrolls in a secondary school when the student has fewer than thirty months remaining before graduation, the local or regional board of education shall assign the student to an English as a second language program and may provide intensive services to the student to enable the student to speak, write and comprehend English by the time the student graduates and to meet the course requirements for graduation.

      (e) Each local and regional board of education shall hold a meeting with the parents and legal guardians of eligible students to explain the benefits of the language program options available in the school district, including an English language immersion program. The parents and legal guardians may bring an interpreter or an advisor to the meeting. If the parent or legal guardian of an eligible student opts to have such student placed in a program of bilingual education, the local or regional board of education shall place the child in such program.

      (f) The board of education for each local and regional school district which is required to provide a program of bilingual education shall initially endeavor to implement the provisions of subsection (b) of this section through in-service training for existing certified professional employees, and thereafter, shall give preference in hiring to such certified professional employees as are required to maintain the program.

      (g) The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, to establish requirements for: (1) Such programs, which may be modeled after policy established by the Department of Education for bilingual education programs; (2) local and regional boards of education to integrate bilingual and English as a second language program faculty in all staff, planning and curriculum development activities; and (3) all bilingual education teachers employed by a local or regional board of education, on and after July 1, 2001, to meet all certification requirements, including completion of a teacher preparation program approved by the State Board of Education, or to be certified through an alternate route to certification program.

      (h) Each board of education for a local and regional school district which is required to provide for the first time a program of bilingual education shall prepare and submit to the Commissioner of Education for review a plan to implement such program, in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education.

      (i) Each local and regional board of education that is required to provide a program of bilingual education pursuant to this section shall investigate the feasibility of establishing two-way language programs starting in kindergarten.

      (P.A. 77-588, S. 2, 7; 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 98-168, S. 18, 26; P.A. 99-211, S. 2, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 3, 43.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 98-168 added new Subsec. (c) re parental notification for program exemption and redesignated the remaining Subsecs., effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-211 deleted the existing Subsec. (c) and substituted a new Subsec. (c) re development of state English mastery standard, student assessment based on the standard and provision of support services for students not meeting the standard, relettered the existing Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (f) and added new Subsec. (d) re thirty-month limitation on time spent in a bilingual education program and language transition support services for students not meeting English mastery standard, relettered the existing Subsec. (e) as Subsec. (g), added new Subsec. (e) re meeting to explain language program options, amended Subsec. (g) to add Subdivs. (2) re integration of program staff and (3) re certification requirements, relettered the existing Subsec. (f) as Subsec. (h), added Subsec. (i) re investigation of feasibility of establishing two-way language programs and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2000.

      Cited. 226 C. 704, 729.

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      Sec. 10-17g. Application for grant. Annual evaluation report. Annually, the board of education for each local and regional school district that is required to provide a program of bilingual education, pursuant to section 10-17f, may make application to the State Board of Education and shall thereafter receive a grant in an amount equal to the product obtained by multiplying the total appropriation available for such purpose by the ratio which the number of eligible children in the school district bears to the total number of such eligible children state-wide. The board of education for each local and regional school district receiving funds pursuant to this section shall annually, on or before September first, submit to the State Board of Education a progress report which shall include (1) measures of increased educational opportunities for eligible students, including language support services and language transition support services provided to such students, (2) program evaluation and measures of the effectiveness of its bilingual education and English as a second language programs, including data on students in bilingual education programs and students educated exclusively in English as a second language programs, and (3) certification by the board of education submitting the report that any funds received pursuant to this section have been used for the purposes specified. The State Board of Education shall annually evaluate programs conducted pursuant to section 10-17f. For purposes of this section, measures of the effectiveness of bilingual education and English as a second language programs include state-wide mastery examination results and graduation and school dropout rates.

      (P.A. 77-588, S. 3, 7; P.A. 84-255, S. 4, 21; P.A. 99-211, S. 8, 10; P.A. 00-220, S. 4, 43.)

      History: P.A. 84-255 changed the date of the report to the state board from July to September first and required the state board to evaluate the programs annually rather than biennially; P.A. 99-211 in Subdiv. (1) added references to language support services and language transition support services, in Subdiv. (2) added measures of effectiveness of bilingual education and English as a second language programs, added language specifying some measures that are effectiveness measures for purposes of the section and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 made a technical change, effective July 1, 2000.

      Cited. 226 C. 704, 729.

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      Sec. 10-17h. Planning, development or operation of initially required bilingual program. Section 10-17h is repealed.

      (P.A. 77-588, S. 6, 7; P. A. 79-631, S. 109, 111.)

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      Sec. 10-17i. Encouragement of increased language instruction. Proficiency in language recognized on permanent record. (a) The Department of Education shall assist and encourage local and regional boards of education to institute two-way language programs and provide early second language instruction for English-speaking students.

      (b) The department shall encourage local and regional boards of education to recognize students' proficiency in languages other than their native languages on their permanent records.

      (P.A. 99-211, S. 3, 10.)

      History: P.A. 99-211 effective July 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-17j. Request to commissioner to use certified English as a second language teacher in place of bilingual education teacher in cases of teacher shortage. Teacher exchange programs. (a) If a local or regional board of education is not able to hire a sufficient number of certified bilingual education teachers, the board of education may apply to the Commissioner of Education for permission to use a certified teacher of English as a second language to fill its need and the commissioner may grant such request for good cause shown.

      (b) The Department of Education shall promote and encourage teacher exchange programs and provide information to local and regional boards of education on such programs in order to increase foreign language proficiency and cultural understanding.

      (P.A. 99-211, S. 6, 10.)

      History: P.A. 99-211 effective July 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-18. Courses in United States history, government and duties and responsibilities of citizenship. (a) All high, preparatory, secondary and elementary schools, public or private, whose property is exempt from taxation, shall provide a program of United States history, including instruction in United States government at the local, state and national levels, and in the duties, responsibilities, and rights of United States citizenship. No student shall be graduated from any such school who has not been found to be familiar with said subjects.

      (b) The State Board of Education shall, upon request by a board of education, make samples of materials available for use in the schools required to teach the courses provided for in this section, with supplementary materials for such use.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1352-1357; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 2, 3; 1971, P.A. 758; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 18; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 82-83, S. 1, 3; P.A. 84-255, S. 19, 21.)

      History: 1959 act changed references in Subsecs. (a) and (f) from state teachers colleges to state colleges; 1971 act deleted state colleges from requirement for citizenship course, deleted former detailed provisions in former Subsecs. (b), (c), (f) and part of (d), replacing them with general requirement for program of study of U.S. history and government and citizenship for "high, preparatory, secondary and elementary schools"; P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted "Each local or regional board of education" for "The board of education of each school district"; P.A. 82-83 deleted Subsec. (c) which had required filing of course descriptions of United States history, government and citizenship with the commissioner of education; P.A. 84-255 added provision to clarify that instruction in United States government is to include instruction in local, state and national government.

      Cited. 152 C. 151. Cited. 238 C. 1.

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      Sec. 10-18a. Contents of textbooks and other general instructional materials. Except where a legitimate educational purpose will otherwise be served, each local or regional board of education shall, in selecting textbooks and other general instructional materials select those which accurately present the achievements and accomplishments of individuals and groups from all ethnic and racial backgrounds and of both sexes. Nothing herein shall preclude the use of instructional material and teaching which emphasizes the traditional family structure.

      (1967, P.A. 571, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 241; P.A. 78-218, S. 19; P.A. 80-405, S. 2, 4.)

      History: 1969 act required use of textbooks which present achievements of all ethnic and racial groups, a stronger statement than the previous requirement that boards of education "give due consideration to the use" of such books; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" board of education; P.A. 80-405 allowed use of books which may be biased for or against ethnic groups only "where a legitimate educational purpose will otherwise be served", added reference to other instructional materials and required presentation of achievements of both sexes but did not "preclude the use of instructional material and teaching which emphasizes the traditional family structure".

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      Sec. 10-18b. Development of curriculum guides for firearm safety programs. The State Board of Education, within available appropriations, and the Connecticut Police Chiefs Association may develop curriculum guides to aid local and regional boards of education in developing firearm safety programs for students in grades kindergarten to eight, inclusive, in the public schools. The State Board of Education shall make such curriculum guides available to local and regional boards of education.

      (P.A. 90-144, S. 4, 6.)

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      Sec. 10-18c. Firearm safety programs. Exemption from participation. (a) Any local or regional board of education may offer firearm safety programs to students in grades kindergarten to eight, inclusive, in the public schools under its jurisdiction.

      (b) No student shall be required by any local or regional board of education to participate in a firearm safety program which may be offered within the public schools. A written notification to the local or regional board by the student's parent or legal guardian shall be sufficient to exempt the student from such program in its entirety or from any portion thereof so specified by the parent or legal guardian.

      (c) If a student is exempted from a firearm safety program pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, the local or regional board of education shall provide, during the period of time in which the student would otherwise be participating in such program, an opportunity for other study or academic work.

      (P.A. 90-144, S. 5, 6.)

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      Sec. 10-19. Teaching about alcohol, nicotine or tobacco, drugs and acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Training of personnel. (a) The knowledge, skills and attitudes required to understand and avoid the effects of alcohol, of nicotine or tobacco and of drugs, as defined in subdivision (17) of section 21a-240, on health, character, citizenship and personality development shall be taught every academic year to pupils in all grades in the public schools; and, in teaching such subjects, textbooks and such other materials as are necessary shall be used. Annually, at such time and in such manner as the Commissioner of Education shall request, each local and regional board of education shall attest to the State Board of Education that all pupils enrolled in its schools have been taught such subjects pursuant to this subsection and in accordance with a planned, ongoing and systematic program of instruction. The content and scheduling of instruction shall be within the discretion of the local or regional board of education. Institutions of higher education approved by the State Board of Education to train teachers shall give instruction on the subjects prescribed in this section and concerning the best methods of teaching the same. The State Board of Education and the Board of Governors of Higher Education in consultation with the Commissioner of Mental Health and Addiction Services and the Commissioner of Public Health shall develop health education or other programs for elementary and secondary schools and for the training of teachers, administrators and guidance personnel with reference to understanding and avoiding the effects of nicotine or tobacco, alcohol and drugs.

      (b) Commencing July 1, 1989, each local and regional board of education shall offer during the regular school day planned, ongoing and systematic instruction on acquired immune deficiency syndrome, as taught by legally qualified teachers. The content and scheduling of the instruction shall be within the discretion of the local or regional board of education. Not later than July 1, 1989, each local and regional board of education shall adopt a policy, as the board deems appropriate, concerning the exemption of pupils from such instruction upon written request of the parent or guardian. The State Board of Education shall make materials available to assist local and regional boards of education in developing instruction pursuant to this subsection.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1358; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 4; February, 1965, P.A. 140, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 555, S. 61; 1969, P.A. 753, S. 33; 1971, P.A. 370, S. 2; P.A. 73-632, S. 2, 3, 5; P.A. 75-211, S. 1; P.A. 77-573, S. 24, 30; P.A. 78-218, S. 20; P.A. 82-218, S. 37, 46; P.A. 83-160, S. 1; P.A. 84-241, S. 2, 5; P.A. 85-579, S. 3, 5; P.A. 88-112, S. 1, 2; 88-136, S. 24, 37; P.A. 90-133, S. 1; P.A. 93-381, S. 9, 39; 93-435, S. 59, 63; P.A. 95-182, S. 2, 11; 95-257, S. 11, 12, 21, 58.)

      History: 1959 act changed reference to state teachers colleges to state colleges; 1965 act included teaching of effects of narcotics and alcohol on personality development and began teaching of effects in fifth rather than third grade; 1967 act substituted "controlled drugs" for "narcotics"; 1969 act included teaching of effects of nicotine or tobacco, specified that such teaching take place at least once every academic year and added provision for development of programs and training of teachers and guidance personnel; 1971 act deleted reference to teaching "at least once" each year, required teaching of all grades, not just fifth grade and above, included administrators in training provision and deleted sentence referring to classes in ungraded schools; P.A. 73-632 substituted "institutions of higher education" for "colleges", included the drug advisory council in development of programs and added Subsec. (b) concerning drug and information and instruction programs in higher education institutions; P.A. 75-211 limited institutions of higher education in Subsec. (a) to those "approved ... to train teachers" and included the Connecticut state alcohol council in development of programs and included alcohol information and instruction programs in Subsec. (b); P.A. 77-573 substituted board of higher education for commission for higher education; P.A. 78-218 deleted Subsec. (b); P.A. 82-218 replaced board of higher education with board of governors pursuant to reorganization of higher education system, effective March 1, 1983; P.A. 83-160 replaced the drug advisory council and the Connecticut state alcohol council with the state alcohol and drug abuse commission; P.A. 84-241 added "of higher education" to board of governors' title; P.A. 85-579 added Subsec. (b) re a study of the alcohol and drug prevention programs provided by local and regional boards of education; P.A. 88-112 added new Subsec. re instruction on acquired immune deficiency syndrome; P.A. 88-136 deleted obsolete Subsec. (b) re report on the alcohol and drug prevention programs provided by local and regional boards of education; P.A. 90-133 in Subsec. (a) expanded what is to be taught concerning alcohol, nicotine or tobacco and drugs, provided that there be an annual attestation to the state board of education concerning the teaching of these subjects and provided that the programs developed by the state board of education, et al, are not limited to health education programs; P.A. 93-381 replaced state alcohol and drug abuse commission with department of public health and addiction services, effective July 1, 1993 (Revisor's note: The word "commissioner" was substituted editorially by the Revisors for "department" to parallel existing language); P.A. 95-182 amended Subsec. (a) to allow boards of education to set the content and scheduling of instruction, effective June 28, 1995; P.A. 95-257 replaced Commissioner and Department of Mental Health with Commissioner and Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services and replaced Commissioner and Department of Public Health and Addiction Services with Commissioner and Department of Public Health, effective July 1, 1995.

      See Sec. 10-16b re prescribed courses of study generally.

      See Sec. 10-145a re certificates of qualification for teachers.

      Cited. 152 C. 151. Cited. 238 C. 1.

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      Sec. 10-19a. Superintendent to designate substance abuse prevention team. Training of team members. Section 10-19a is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

      (P.A. 87-457, S. 1, 5; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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      Sec. 10-19b. Advisory councils on drug abuse prevention. Advisory councils on drug abuse education and prevention established by municipalities pursuant to subsection (a) of Section 4126 of the Drug Free Schools and Communities Act of 1986 may serve as a resource for public schools in the field of substance abuse prevention and education and may assist in the development of out-of-school activity for students.

      (P.A. 87-457, S. 2, 5.)

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      Sec. 10-19c. Program for careers in information technology. (a) Within available appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2002, and the next two successive fiscal years, the Department of Education, in cooperation with the Office of Workforce Competitiveness, shall establish a pilot program that is designed to encourage students in kindergarten to grade twelve, inclusive, to pursue careers in information technology.

      (b) Not later than ninety days after July 1, 2001, the Commissioner of Education, in cooperation with the Office of Workforce Competitiveness, shall establish written participation guidelines for the pilot program authorized under this section, and shall submit such guidelines to the Connecticut Employment and Training Commission.

      (c) Not later than January 1, 2002, the Commissioner of Education shall submit a status report in accordance with the provisions of section 11-4a on the establishment and on any operation of the pilot program authorized under this section to the Connecticut Employment and Training Commission, the joint standing committees of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to appropriations and education and to the select committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to workforce development.

      (P.A. 01-193, S. 3, 9.)

      History: P.A. 01-193 effective July 1, 2001.

      See Sec. 4-124x re pilot program established by the Office of Workforce Competitiveness to provide matriculating college students with the opportunity to demonstrate their technology proficiency through an assessment examination program.

      See Sec. 4-124y re pilot program established by the Office of Workforce Competitiveness to assist noninformation technology workers to earn an information technology credential or degree.

      See Sec. 4-124z re review and evaluation of linkage between skill standards for education and training and employment needs of business and industry by the Office of Workforce Competitiveness, certain state agencies and certain educational institutions.

      See Sec. 4-124aa re pilot program established by the Office of Workforce Competitiveness to provide information-technology-related internship and cooperative work-study programs.

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      Secs. 10-19d to 10-19l. Reserved for future use.

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      Sec. 10-19m. (Formerly Sec. 17a-39). Youth service bureaus. Annual report. Regulations. (a) For the purposes of this section, "youth" shall mean a person from birth to eighteen years of age. Any one or more municipalities or any one or more private youth serving organizations, designated to act as agents of one or more municipalities, may establish a multipurpose youth service bureau for the purposes of evaluation, planning, coordination and implementation of services, including prevention and intervention programs for delinquent, predelinquent, pregnant, parenting and troubled youth referred to such bureau by schools, police, juvenile courts, adult courts, local youth-serving agencies, parents and self-referrals. A youth service bureau shall be the coordinating unit of community-based services to provide comprehensive delivery of prevention, intervention, treatment and follow-up services.

      (b) A youth service bureau established pursuant to subsection (a) of this section may provide, but shall not be limited to the delivery of, the following services: (1) Individual and group counseling; (2) parent training and family therapy; (3) work placement and employment counseling; (4) alternative and special educational opportunities; (5) recreational and youth enrichment programs; (6) outreach programs to insure participation and planning by the entire community for the development of regional and community-based youth services; (7) preventive programs, including youth pregnancy, youth suicide, violence, alcohol and drug prevention; and (8) programs that develop positive youth involvement. Such services shall be designed to meet the needs of youth by the diversion of troubled youth from the justice system as well as by the provision of opportunities for all youth to function as responsible members of their communities.

      (c) The Commissioner of Education shall adopt regulations, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, establishing minimum standards for such youth service bureaus and the criteria for qualifying for state cost-sharing grants, including, but not limited to, allowable sources of funds covering the local share of the costs of operating such bureaus, acceptable in-kind contributions and application procedures. Said commissioner shall, on December 1, 1979, and annually thereafter, report to the General Assembly on the referral or diversion of children under the age of sixteen years from the juvenile justice system and on the referral or diversion of children between the ages of sixteen and eighteen years from the court system. Such report shall include, but not be limited to, the number of times any child is so diverted, the number of children diverted, the type of service provided to any such child, by whom such child was diverted, the ages of the children diverted and such other information and statistics as the General Assembly may request from time to time. Any such report shall contain no identifying information about any particular child.

      (P.A. 76-127, S. 1-3, 5; P.A. 78-183, S. 1, 4; P.A. 89-191, S. 3; P.A. 91-146, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; 93-432, S. 1, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 1, 8.)

      History: P.A. 78-183 replaced youth service system with youth service bureau and expanded Subsec. (c), clarifying scope of regulations and adding provisions re annual report; P.A. 89-191 added Subdivs. (7) and (8) in Subsec. (b) to include preventive programs, including youth suicide, alcohol and drug prevention and programs that develop positive youth involvement; Sec. 17-443 transferred to Sec. 17a-39 in 1991; P.A. 91-146 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that youth service bureaus may coordinate delivery of prevention, intervention, treatment and follow-up services for all youth and made technical change in Subsec. (b); P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-432 added pregnant and parenting youth to the list of individuals who may be referred to a youth service bureau, allowed the adult courts to refer individuals to the youth service bureau, and provided that a youth service bureau shall be the coordinating unit of community-based services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 amended Subsec. (c) to transfer responsibility for the program from the Commissioner of Children and Families to the Commissioner of Education, effective July 1, 1995; Sec. 17a-39 transferred to Sec. 10-19m in 1997.

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      Sec. 10-19n. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40). State aid for establishment and expansion of youth service bureaus. To assist municipalities and private youth-serving organizations designated to act as agents for such municipalities in establishing, maintaining or expanding such youth service bureaus, the state, acting through the Commissioner of Education, shall provide cost-sharing grants, subject to the provisions of this section for (1) the cost of an administrative core unit and (2) the cost of the direct services unit provided by such youth service bureau. No state grant shall be made for capital expenditures of such bureaus. All youth service bureaus shall submit a request for a grant, pursuant to this section and sections 10-19m and 10-19o, on or before May fifteenth of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year for which such grant is requested.

      (P.A. 78-183, S. 2, 4; P.A. 83-78; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; 93-432, S. 2, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 2, 8; P.A. 96-178, S. 9, 18.)

      History: P.A. 83-78 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to remove limitations (tying the amount of state grants to the number of children and youth in the municipality and requiring that any state administered federal funds allocated to the municipality for such units be included in determining the amount of the state grant) on state grants for an administrative core unit and for the direct services unit; Sec. 17-443a transferred to Sec. 17a-40 in 1991; P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 93-432 defined the functions of administrative core units, removed the reference to the availability of funds as related to the cost-sharing grants, established a time frame for new requests for grants and for already existing youth service bureaus and removed the mathematical formula for the distribution of grants in former Subsecs. (b) and (c), effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the grants from the Commissioner of Children and Families to the Commissioner of Education, effective July 1, 1995 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 54-91d, repealed by P.A. 95-225, was deleted editorially by the Revisors); P.A. 96-178 deleted a provision to give priority to certain applicants and deleted requirement for certain applicants for grants pursuant to Sec. 10-19o to submit applications on or before January thirty-first of the fiscal year prior to the fiscal year for which the grant is requested, effective July 1, 1996; Sec. 17a-40 transferred to Sec. 10-19n in 1997.

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      Sec. 10-19o. (Formerly Sec. 17a-40a). Youth service bureau grant program. (a) The Commissioner of Education shall establish a program to provide grants to youth service bureaus in accordance with this section. Only youth service bureaus which were eligible to receive grants pursuant to this section for the fiscal year ending June 30, 2003, or which applied for a grant by June 30, 2003, with prior approval of the town's contribution pursuant to subsection (b) of this section, shall be eligible for a grant pursuant to this section for any fiscal year commencing on or after July 1, 2003. Each such youth service bureau shall receive a grant of fourteen thousand dollars. The Department of Education may expend an amount not to exceed two per cent of the amount appropriated for purposes of this section for administrative expenses. If there are any remaining funds, each such youth service bureau that was awarded a grant in excess of fifteen thousand dollars in the fiscal year ending June 30, 1995, shall receive a percentage of such funds. The percentage shall be determined as follows: For each such grant in excess of fifteen thousand dollars, the difference between the amount of the grant awarded to the youth service bureau for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1995, and fifteen thousand dollars shall be divided by the difference between the total amount of the grants awarded to all youth service bureaus that were awarded grants in excess of fifteen thousand dollars for said fiscal year and the product of fifteen thousand dollars and the number of such grants for said fiscal year.

      (b) In order for a youth service bureau to receive the full amount of the state grant determined pursuant to subsection (a) of this section, a town shall contribute an amount equal to the amount of the state grant. A town shall provide not less than fifty per cent of its contribution from funds appropriated by the town for that purpose, and the remaining amount in other funds or in-kind contributions in accordance with regulations adopted by the State Board of Education in accordance with chapter 54.

      (c) Any funds remaining due to a town's failure to match funds as provided in subsection (b) of this section shall be redistributed in accordance with the provisions of this section. The State Board of Education shall adopt regulations in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54 to coordinate the youth service bureau program and to administer the grant system established pursuant to this section and sections 10-19m and 10-19n.

      (P.A. 93-432, S. 3, 6; P.A. 95-339, S. 3, 8; P.A. 96-178, S. 10, 18; 96-244, S. 58, 63; P.A. 98-186, S. 1, 2; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1, S. 32, 51; P.A. 00-187, S. 22, 75; P.A. 01-173, S. 7, 67; P.A. 03-174, S. 11.)

      History: P.A. 93-432 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the program from the Department of Children and Families to the Department of Education, added the limitation on eligibility for grants, provided for the twelve-thousand-dollar grant, added the method for distribution of any remaining funds and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1995 (Revisor's note: A reference to Sec. 54-91d, repealed by P.A. 95-225, was deleted editorially by the Revisors); P.A. 96-178 amended Subsec. (a) to change the date concerning eligibility from "1995" to "1996", to remove a reference to eligibility for grants to youth service bureaus which applied to the Commissioner of Children and Families by June 11, 1995 and to make technical changes and amended Subsec. (b) to substitute "State Board" for "Commissioner", effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (a) to expand the number of youth service bureaus eligible for grants to include youth service bureaus which applied for a grant by May 15, 1996, and repeated changes enacted by P.A. 96-178, effective June 6, 1996; Sec. 17a-40a transferred to Sec. 10-19o in 1997; P.A. 98-186 amended Subsec. (a) to substitute 1998 for 1996 in the eligibility dates for grants, effective July 1, 1998; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 99-1 amended Subsec. (a) to extend eligibility dates for grants by one year and increased grant amount from twelve thousand to fourteen thousand dollars, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-187 amended Subsec. (a) to extend the time frames by one year from 1999 to 2000, effective June 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (a) to extend the time frames to 2001, and to change the date for eligibility based on an application from May 15 to June 30, effective July 6, 2001; P.A. 03-174 amended Subsec. (a) to extend time frames from 2001 to 2003, effective July 1, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-19p. (Formerly Sec. 17a-41). Assistance to youth service bureaus. The Department of Education shall provide grant management services, program monitoring, program evaluation and technical assistance to such state-aided youth service bureaus, and the commissioner may assign or appoint necessary personnel to perform such duties, subject to the provisions of chapter 67.

      (P.A. 78-183, S. 3, 4; P.A. 82-63; P.A. 93-91, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-339, S. 4, 8.)

      History: P.A. 82-63 deleted the requirement that assistance be given "from funds appropriated for grants under the provisions of this section and sections 17-443 and 17-443a"; Sec. 17-443b transferred to Sec. 17a-41 in 1991; P.A. 93-91 substituted commissioner and department of children and families for commissioner and department of children and youth services, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-339 transferred responsibility for the program from the Department of Children and Families to the Department of Education, effective July 1, 1995; Sec. 17a-41 transferred to Sec. 10-19p in 1997.

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      Sec. 10-20. Comptroller may withhold school money. Section 10-20 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1359; 1963, P.A. 361.)

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      Sec. 10-20a. Connecticut career certificate program. (a)(1) Local and regional boards of education, the regional vocational-technical school system, postsecondary institutions and regional educational service centers, may (A) in consultation with regional workforce development boards established pursuant to section 31-3k, local employers, labor organizations and community-based organizations establish programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate in accordance with this section and (B) enroll students in such programs based on entry criteria determined by the establishing agency. Such programs shall be approved by the Commissioner of Education and the Labor Commissioner after review and comment by the regional school-to-career partnership established by the Commissioner of Education pursuant to subdivision (2) of this subsection for the region in which the program is proposed to operate. Applications for program approval shall be submitted to the Commissioner of Education in such form and at such time as he prescribes. All programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate shall provide equal access for all students and necessary accommodations and support for students with disabilities.

      (2) The Commissioner of Education shall establish regional school-to-career partnerships. The partnerships shall include, but need not be limited to, educators, students and representatives of local and regional boards of education, postsecondary educational institutions, regional workforce development boards established pursuant to section 31-3k, business and industry and labor organizations.

      (b) Programs established pursuant to this section may be offered for one or more years and shall include:

      (1) Not less than eighty hours during any year of school-based instruction which focuses on the academic, technical and employability skills outlined in the skill standards established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, and instruction in the history of the American economy and the role of labor, business and industry;

      (2) Work-based instruction which includes worksite experience, including all major activities related to the career cluster. Such worksite experience shall: (A) Be paid, except as provided in section 10-20b, (B) include a planned program of job training and work experiences, including training related to preemployment and employment skills to be mastered at progressively higher levels, that are coordinated with school-based instruction, (C) include instruction, to the extent practicable, in all aspects of the industry, (D) relate to the academic, technical and employability skills outlined in the skill standards established pursuant to subsection (c) of this section, (E) include, but not be limited to, on-the-job training, internships, community service and field trips, (F) be conducted in accordance with an individualized written training and mentoring plan, agreed to by the student, his parent or guardian, if the student is under eighteen years of age, the principal of the school or the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program in which the student is enrolled, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, and the employer, and (G) be in conformance with the requirements of section 10-20d; and

      (3) Activities that ensure coordination between school-based instruction and work-based instruction, including, but not limited to, (A) career awareness and exploration opportunities, and (B) information and guidance concerning transition to postsecondary education.

      (c) For purposes of this section, "career cluster" means a range of occupations which share a set of skills and knowledge. Such skills and knowledge include (1) academic and technical skills related to the type of employment and (2) general employability skills. The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with other state, regional and local agencies, business and industry and labor organizations, shall maintain a list of state recognized career clusters and skill standards for each such career cluster.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 21, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 1, 5.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (a) to designate existing provisions as Subdiv. (1), provide for the establishment of programs by postsecondary institutions, add the consultation role for regional workforce development boards, change the review and comment provision prior to approval by the commissioners by substituting regional school-to-career partnership for regional workforce development board, provide that students be enrolled based on entry criteria determined by the establishing agency, and add Subdiv. (2) re the regional school-to-career partnerships; amended Subsec. (b) in Subdiv. (1) to substitute school-based instruction for subject matter instruction and to add instruction in the history of the American economy and the role of labor, business and industry, in Subdiv. (2) to delete a requirement for not less than one hundred eighty hours of worksite experience, to redesignate existing Subparas. (B) and (C) as Subparas. (F) and (G), to add new Subparas. (B) to (E), inclusive, to change the provision for approval of the training and mentoring plan to include the parent or guardian, if the student is under eighteen years of age, and the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program, and in Subdiv. (3) to expand the requirement for coordination to include career awareness and exploration opportunities and information and guidance concerning transition to postsecondary education; deleted Subsec. (c) re entry criteria; redesignated Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (c) and changed the description of the items included in skills and knowledge; and made technical changes, effective June 24, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-20b. Connecticut career certificate. Compliance with federal laws and regulations, required. (a) Except for the provisions of chapter 567, all state and federal laws and regulations relating to employment, apprenticeship and occupational licensing shall apply to students in a program leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a. Employers found to be in violation of a federal or state labor law may be prohibited from participation in the program.

      (b) Students participating in such programs shall not: (1) Replace any employee or cause any reduction in hours of work, wages or employment benefits of any employee of an employer participating in the program or (2) be employed in a job from which an employee of a participating employer has been laid off and for which he retains recall rights. No employer shall terminate the employment of any of its employees or otherwise reduce its workforce or work hours in order to fill a vacancy so created with a student participating in the program. The participation of any employer who is a party to one or more collective bargaining agreements covering work to be performed by a student participating in the program shall be conditioned on the written concurrence of each labor organization that is a party to such an agreement.

      (c) The employment of students in programs established pursuant to section 10-20a shall be paid employment, unless the Labor Commissioner, or his designee, in consultation with the Commissioner of Education, or his designee, receives and approves a written request from the principal of the school or the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program in which the student is enrolled, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, that such employment not be paid because of worksite experiences that are generally not paid employment, such as community service activities. The terms of compensation shall be (1) negotiated between the employer and such principal or chief executive officer, or the designee of such principal or chief executive officer, (2) accepted by the student, (3) based on the nature of the work and the status of the student-worker as a student, and (4) reasonable for the actual work performed.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 22, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 2, 5.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (c) to add references to the chief executive officer of the agency operating the program and made technical changes, effective June 24, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-20c. Issuance of Connecticut career certification. Credit for program. (a) The Commissioner of Education and the Labor Commissioner shall jointly issue a Connecticut career certificate to students who successfully complete a program established pursuant to section 10-20a and demonstrate satisfactory academic achievement in accordance with such standards as may be adopted by the Commissioner of Education.

      (b) No more than one elective credit for purposes of section 10-221a shall be awarded for each such program of at least one hundred twenty hours of work-based instruction which is successfully completed at the secondary level. Credit for work experience at the postsecondary level shall be determined by the board of trustees or governing authority for the postsecondary institution in which the student is enrolled.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 23, 28; P.A. 97-195, S. 3, 5.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (b) to change the requirements for credits and to add provision allowing the board of trustees or governing authority to determine credit at the postsecondary level, effective June 24, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-20d. Grants for support of Connecticut career certificate programs. (a) The Commissioner of Education, in consultation with the Labor Commissioner and the Commissioners of Economic and Community Development and Higher Education, shall, within the limits of available appropriations, provide grants to local and regional boards of education, the vocational-technical school system, postsecondary institutions, regional workforce development boards, regional educational service centers and other appropriate agencies and organizations to support the development and implementation of programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a.

      (b) In awarding grants pursuant to this section, the Commissioner of Education shall give priority to interdistrict programs and programs operated in priority school districts, as described in section 10-266p. Grant applications shall include documentation of review and comment by the regional school-to-career partnership established by the Commissioner of Education for the region in which the program is proposed to operate.

      (c) If the Commissioner of Education finds that some or all of the amount of any grant awarded pursuant to this section is used for purposes which are not in conformity with sections 10-20a to 10-20d, inclusive, or is used to reduce the local share of support for schools or to supplant a previous source of funding, the commissioner may require repayment of such grant to the state.

      (d) Each grant recipient shall submit to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as he prescribes, a biennial program evaluation report.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 24, 28; P.A. 95-250, S. 1; P.A. 97-195, S. 4, 5.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 95-250 replaced Commissioner and Department of Economic Development with Commissioner and Department of Economic and Community Development (Revisor's note: A reference to "Commissioners of Labor, Economic and Community Development and Higher Education" was replaced editorially by the Revisors with "Labor Commissioner and the Commissioners of Economic and Community Development and Higher Education" for consistency with customary statutory usage); P.A. 97-195 amended Subsec. (a) to expand the list of possible grantees to include postsecondary institutions, regional workforce development boards and other appropriate agencies and organizations and amended Subsec. (b) to provide for review and comment by school-to-career partnerships rather than workforce development boards, effective June 24, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-20e. Awarding of grants. Each state agency which provides a grant to create jobs or provide job training shall, to the maximum extent feasible, give priority in awarding such grants to employers which establish programs leading to a Connecticut career certificate pursuant to section 10-20a.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 25, 28.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994.

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      Sec. 10-20f. Retention of appropriated funds, when. The Department of Education may retain up to one per cent of the amount appropriated for programs established pursuant to section 10-20a for purposes of administration and coordination, technical assistance, information dissemination and program evaluation.

      (P.A. 94-116, S. 26, 28; P.A. 03-76, S. 4.)

      History: P.A. 94-116 effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change, effective June 3, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-21. Vocational guidance. Section 10-21 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1360; P.A. 78-218, S. 22; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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      Sec. 10-21a. Accredited courses offered by employers. Any employer may, with the cooperation and approval of the board of education of the local or regional school district in which such employer's business is located, offer accredited high school courses or, with the cooperation and approval of the State Board of Education, offer vocational training courses, such courses to be offered on the business premises for the benefit of any employee (1) who does not have and who wishes to obtain a high school diploma or (2) who wishes to improve his or her employment status, provided that no such course or any portion thereof shall be at the expense of the State Board of Education or any local or regional board of education.

      (P.A. 75-412; P.A. 78-218, S. 23.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" school district.

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      Sec. 10-21b. Programs offered jointly by boards of education and business firms; neighborhood assistance. Local and regional boards of education are authorized to enter into agreements with business firms, as defined in section 12-631, to develop for implementation, programs to be conducted jointly by such local or regional boards of education and business firms which provide training and experience in the business activities of such business firms which, in the opinion of such local or regional board of education, would be of substantial educational benefit to the participating students. Such agreements shall be limited in duration to one school year, provided this provision shall not be construed to prohibit any such local or regional board or any such business firm from entering into subsequent one-year agreements. Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit one or more local or regional boards of education or one or more business firms from entering into any such valid agreement jointly. The State Board of Education shall collect information on exemplary programs and provide local and regional boards of education with such information on or before January 15, 1985, in order to encourage development and implementation of such programs. Not later than July 1, 1984, the Department of Education shall notify local and regional boards of education and municipalities of the program established pursuant to this section and the requirements for eligibility under chapter 228a.

      (P.A. 84-448, S. 1, 5.)

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      Sec. 10-21c. Donation of teaching services by private sector specialists; neighborhood assistance. (a) Any local or regional board of education that has a demonstrated shortage of certified teachers in those fields designated by the State Board of Education pursuant to the provisions of section 10a-163 or that elects to expand the academic offerings to students in the areas identified by the Labor Commissioner and the Office of Workforce Competitiveness pursuant to the provisions of section 4-124w may solicit and accept qualified private sector specialists, not necessarily certified to teach, whose services to teach in shortage areas have been donated by business firms, as defined in section 12-631. Private sector specialists who donate their services may be permitted to offer instruction in existing or specially designed curricula, provided no private sector specialist shall be permitted to work more than one-half of the maximum classroom hours of a full-time certified teacher, and provided further no private sector specialist teaching in an area identified by the Labor Commissioner and the Office of Workforce Competitiveness pursuant to section 4-124w shall have sole responsibility for a classroom. No certified teacher may be terminated, transferred or reassigned due to the utilization of any private sector specialist. Local or regional boards of education shall annually review the need for private sector specialists and shall not renew or place a private sector specialist if certified teachers are available.

      (b) No employer-employee relationship shall be deemed to exist between any local or regional board of education and a private sector specialist whose services are donated pursuant to this section. No local or regional board of education shall expend any funds for compensation or benefits in lieu of compensation when accepting the donation of services from a private sector specialist.

      (c) The provisions of section 10-235 shall apply to any private sector specialist who donates services pursuant to the provisions of this section.

      (P.A. 84-448, S. 2, 5; P.A. 03-66, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 03-66 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change, to add provision allowing local and regional boards of education to expand academic offerings in identified workforce shortage areas by permitting boards to hire qualified private sector specialists to teach in such shortage areas, and to eliminate provision re notice by Department of Education, effective July 1, 2003.

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      Secs. 10-21d and 10-21e. School-Business Forum; membership; procedures. School-Business Forum; responsibilities; termination. Sections 10-21d and 10-21e are repealed, effective July 1, 1998.

      (P.A. 90-201, S. 1, 2, 7 (c), 11; 90-252, S. 9, 10; P.A. 91-256, S. 43, 69; P.A. 92-126, S. 16, 48; P.A. 93-353, S. 2, 3, 52; P.A. 98-252, S. 79, 80; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 98-1, S. 105, 121.)

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      Sec. 10-21f. Career ladder programs. Not later than September 1, 2003, the Commissioners of Education and Higher Education, in consultation with the Office of Workforce Competitiveness and the constituent units of the state system of higher education, shall establish career ladder programs for high school students seeking to pursue careers in occupations in this state with projected workforce shortages in the next five years, as forecasted by the Office of Workforce Competitiveness pursuant to section 4-124w.

      (P.A. 01-170, S. 2.)

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      Secs. 10-22 and 10-23. Instruction in music. Instruction on highway safety. Sections 10-22 and 10-23 are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1361, 1362; 1963, P.A. 301; P.A. 78-218, S. 24; P.A. 79-128, S. 35, 36.)

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      Sec. 10-24. Transferred to Chapter 246, Part III, Sec. 14-36e.

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      Sec. 10-24a. (Formerly Sec. 14-157). State grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety course. Section 10-24a is repealed.

      (1957, P.A. 599, S. 2; 1959, P.A. 379, S. 2; 672, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 361, S. 2; 1967, P.A. 765, S. 2; P.A. 75-479, S. 24, 25; 75-567, S. 76, 80.)

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      Sec. 10-24b. Fee when course offered outside regular school hours. Any board of education under whose authority a course of study of motor vehicle operation is offered may, if such course is offered at hours other than those in the regular school day, charge as a fee for such course an amount not to exceed the per pupil cost of maintaining said course.

      (1959, P.A. 672, S. 3; P.A. 75-479, S. 22, 25.)

      History: P.A. 75-479 allowed charge for course which does not exceed per pupil cost rather than "the difference between the per pupil grant received under the provisions of Sec. 10-24a" (now repealed) and the per pupil cost.

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      Sec. 10-24c. Grants for motor vehicle operation and highway safety courses in private secondary schools. Section 10-24c is repealed.

      (1967, P.A. 668; 1971, P.A. 47; 456, S. 3; P.A. 75-479, S. 24, 25; 75-567, S. 76, 80.)

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      Sec. 10-24d. Transferred to Chapter 246, Part III, Sec. 14-36f.

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      Sec. 10-24e. Regulations concerning content of safe driving course. Section 10-24e is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

      (P.A. 89-242, S. 2, 7; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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      Sec. 10-25. Secondary education for veterans. Section 10-25 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1364; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 18; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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      Sec. 10-26. Education grant to child of deceased or disabled veteran or missing in action member of armed forces. Section 10-26 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1365; 1955, S. 883d; 1957, P.A. 163, S. 19; 1959, P.A. 411, S. 5; February, 1965, P.A. 157, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 168, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 378, S. 1; 1972, S.A. 53, S. 10; P.A. 73-509, S. 1, 2; P.A. 77-530, S. 10, 11; 77-573, S. 24, 30.)

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      Sec. 10-27. International studies, exchange programs. Advisory committee. (a) It shall be the policy of the state to encourage its students, teachers, administrators and educational policy makers to participate in international studies, international exchange programs and other activities that advance cultural awareness and promote mutual understanding and respect for the citizens of other countries.

      (b) The Commissioner of Education shall establish an international education advisory committee to explore international opportunities for learning, exchange programs and the availability of curriculum materials for students, teachers, administrators and educational policy makers. The advisory committee shall:

      (1) Investigate and compile information concerning international education programs and opportunities. The committee shall make recommendations to the commissioner on the expansion of international education programs and opportunities and shall consider ways to encourage participation in such programs. The committee shall advise the Department of Education and the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education on international program opportunities and the availability of federal or nonprofit agency funding for such programs. The department shall provide information on international education opportunities to local and regional boards of education;

      (2) Develop guidelines and standards to aid local and regional boards of education in the establishment of programs of international studies. Such guidelines and standards shall describe the essential components of a quality educational program incorporating international education concepts. The committee shall submit such guidelines and standards to the State Board of Education for review and approval;

      (3) Develop criteria for what constitutes a sister school partnership program between a public school of this state and a foreign school. Such criteria shall provide a process for recognition of such partnership. The committee shall submit such criteria to the State Board of Education for review and approval; and

      (4) Advise the State Board of Education on possible incentives to encourage the formation of partnerships that meet criteria established in accordance with the provisions of subdivision (3) of this subsection. Such incentives may include, but need not be limited to, cooperation between sister partnership schools in teacher certification, student assessment programs and recognition of student course credit, participation in summer programs and in other areas where the state could recognize the value of the sister school partnership relationships with minimal cost.

      (c) State agencies, including the educational institutions, may exchange a limited number of professional personnel and students with institutions of other states and other countries and may pay the salaries of such personnel and may assign scholarships and grants-in-aid to the exchangees. The authorized exchange of personnel and students need not be parallel and simultaneous or specific with regard to the assignment of persons between institutions. If a vacancy exists on the staff of any state agency, including the educational institutions, because a leave of absence without pay has been granted, such agency may engage the services of professional personnel of other countries, and may pay such personnel so engaged from the funds which otherwise would have been paid to such staff members on leave of absence without pay.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1366; 1949, 1955, S. 884d; P.A. 01-173, S. 8, 67; P.A. 03-76, S. 40; P.A. 04-153, S. 2; 04-257, S. 9.)

      History: P.A. 01-173 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (c) and added Subsec. (a) re state policy and Subsec. (b) re advisory committee, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 3, 2003; P.A. 04-153 amended Subsec. (b) by designating existing provisions re duties of advisory committee as Subdiv. (1) and adding Subdiv. (2) re guidelines and standards, Subdiv. (3) re sister school partnership program and Subdiv. (4) re incentives for formation of partnerships, effective July 1, 2004; P.A. 04-257 made a technical change in Subsec. (c), effective June 14, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-27a. International education programs, recognition of schools and partnership programs. (a) The State Board of Education may recognize a school that meets the standards for international education programs developed by the international education advisory committee, in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-27. Any such school may announce and declare such recognition status.

      (b) The State Board of Education may recognize sister school partnership programs between public schools of this state and foreign schools that meet criteria as established in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-27. Within available appropriations, participation in such partnership shall allow the foreign school access to state programs of professional development and technical assistance programs under the same terms and conditions as for public schools of this state.

      (P.A. 04-153, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 04-153 effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-28. Transferred to Chapter 190, Sec. 11-23b.

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      Sec. 10-28a. Advice and assistance to school library media centers. The State Board of Education shall give to communities advice and assistance in the organization, establishment and administration of school library media centers, shall extend to school library media centers, and to the media specialist and teachers of any public school, aid in selecting and organizing library media center collections and in management of library media services and may, for the purposes of this section, visit and evaluate library media centers organized under the provisions of section 10-221, and make recommendations for their improvement. Said board is authorized to purchase and organize books and other educational media to be loaned to such school library media centers, associations and individuals as the board may select.

      (February, 1965, P.A. 490, S. 4; P.A. 80-32, S. 1, 3.)

      History: P.A. 80-32 substituted "library media centers" for "libraries" and "media specialist" for "librarian" and made other minor language changes to reflect increased scope of school libraries.

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      Sec. 10-28b. School volunteers; information and assistance about; state-wide coordinator; state plan. The Department of Education shall (1) provide information and technical assistance to local and regional boards of education regarding the involvement of volunteers and other partners, including parents and representatives from business and the community, in public school programs and activities, (2) designate an employee of the department as state-wide school volunteer coordinator, and (3) not later than January 15, 1991, in consultation with the Connecticut Association of Partners in Education, Inc., develop a state plan to encourage, enhance and support the involvement of school volunteers and other partners in education and submit such plan to the joint standing committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education. The provisions of this section shall be carried out within the limits of available appropriations.

      (P.A. 90-324, S. 3, 13; P.A. 95-259, S. 3, 32; P.A. 03-76, S. 5.)

      History: P.A. 95-259 added language concerning other partners, effective July 6, 1995; P.A. 03-76 made technical changes, effective June 3, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-29. Library service center in Middlesex County. Section 10-29 is repealed.

      (1955, S. 886d; February, 1965, P.A. 490, S. 10.)

      See Sec. 11-23a.

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      Sec. 10-29a. Certain days and weeks to be proclaimed by Governor. Distribution and number of proclamations. (a)(1) Martin Luther King Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fifteenth day of January of each year prior to 1986, and commencing on the twentieth day of January in 1986, the first Monday occurring on or after January fifteenth of each year, to be Martin Luther King Day, and the last school day before such day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring Martin Luther King for his selfless devotion to the advancement of equality and the preservation of human rights.

      (2) Pan American Day. The Governor shall proclaim April fourteenth of each year to be Pan American Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring the Latin American republics, and shall otherwise be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates. If such schools are not in session on such day, Pan American Day shall be observed in the schools on the school day next succeeding or on a succeeding day designated by each local or regional board of education.

      (3) Arbor Day. The last Friday of April in each year shall be observed in Connecticut as Arbor Day. The Governor shall annually designate this day with suitable proclamation or letter urging that on Arbor Day schools, civic organizations, governmental departments and all citizens and groups give serious thought to, and mark by appropriate exercises of a public nature, the value of trees and forests, the ornamentation of our streets, highways and parks with trees; and the economic benefits to be derived from well-cultivated orchards and forests.

      (4) Loyalty Day. The Governor shall proclaim May first in each year to be Loyalty Day, which day shall be set aside as a special day for the reaffirmation of loyalty to the United States of America and for the recognition of the heritage of American freedom; and the flag of the United States shall be displayed on all state buildings on said day. Said day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state.

      (5) Senior Citizens Day. The Governor shall proclaim the first Sunday in May in each year as Senior Citizens Day, in honor of the elderly citizens of the state and in recognition of their continued contribution to the state and the enrichment of the lives of all its citizens.

      (6) Flag Day. The Governor shall, annually, designate by official proclamation or letter the fourteenth day of June as Flag Day and suitable exercises, having reference to the adoption of the national flag, shall be held in the public schools on the day so designated or, if that day is not a school day, on the school day preceding, or on any such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes. On Flag Day suitable instruction in the method of displaying the flag and in the respect due the flag shall be given, based upon the flag code as adopted and revised by the National Flag Conference.

      (7) School Safety Patrol Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Monday in September of each year to be School Safety Patrol Day, which shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state with a program on highway safety to call attention to the fine work of school safety patrols.

      (8) Nathan Hale Day. The Governor shall proclaim September twenty-second of each year to be Nathan Hale Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day honoring Nathan Hale for his selfless patriotism.

      (9) Indian Day. The Governor shall proclaim the last Friday in September in each year to be Indian Day, which day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state as a day of commemoration of American Indians and their contribution to American life and civilization.

      (10) Puerto Rico Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth Sunday in September in each year as Puerto Rico Day to honor the contribution to the welfare of the state made by persons of Puerto Rican ancestry, which day shall be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates. Puerto Rico Day shall be suitably observed in the public schools of the state on the school day next succeeding the fourth Sunday in September or on such succeeding day as may be designated by the local or regional board of education.

      (11) Leif Erikson Day. The Governor shall proclaim a day within the first nine days of October of each year to be Leif Erikson Day, which day shall be suitably observed in all the public schools of the state as a day of commemoration of the Scandinavian peoples and their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country in the past and are now making, and also as a tribute to the gallant explorations of the Vikings.

      (12) Fire Prevention Day. The Governor shall, also, by proclamation or letter, annually designate a day, on or about October ninth, to be known as Fire Prevention Day, which day shall be observed in the schools and in such other way as is indicated in such proclamation or letter.

      (13) Columbus Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Monday in October of each year to be Columbus Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the public schools, having reference to the historical events connected therewith and in commemoration of the Italian people, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country, such exercises to be held during the week within which Columbus Day occurs or on such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes.

      (14) Veterans' Day. The Governor shall annually issue a proclamation or letter calling for the observance of the eleventh day of November as Veterans' Day, in recognition of the service and sacrifice of the sons and daughters of Connecticut who served in the naval and military service of the United States in time of war. Suitable exercises shall be held in the public schools, having reference to the historical events connected therewith, such exercises to be held during the week within which Veterans' Day occurs or on any such other day as the local or regional board of education prescribes.

      (15) St. Patrick's Day. The Governor shall proclaim March seventeenth of each year to be St. Patrick's Day to honor the Irish people, their culture and the contribution they have made to this state and country, which day shall be suitably observed by such public exercises in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates.

      (16) German-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim October sixth of each year to be German-American Day to honor Americans of German ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (17) Friends Day. The Governor shall proclaim the fourth Sunday in April of each year to be Friends Day in honor of the enduring value of friendship and in recognition of the fundamental need, common to each member of our society, for a friend.

      (18) Lithuanian Day. The Governor shall proclaim a date certain in each year as Lithuanian Day to honor the contribution to the welfare of the state made by persons of Lithuanian ancestry and to commemorate the culture of the Lithuanian people.

      (19) Powered Flight Day. The Governor shall proclaim a date certain in each year as Powered Flight Day to honor the first powered flight by the Wright brothers and to commemorate the Connecticut aviation and aerospace industry.

      (20) Ukrainian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim August twenty-fourth of each year to be Ukrainian-American Day to honor Americans of Ukrainian ancestry, their culture and the contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (21) Retired Teachers Day. The Governor shall proclaim the third Wednesday in February in each year as Retired Teachers Day in honor of the retired teachers of the state and in recognition of their contributions.

      (22) End of World War II Day. The Governor shall proclaim August fourteenth of each year as the day to commemorate the end of World War II. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (23) Remembrance Day. The Governor shall proclaim September eleventh of each year as Remembrance Day, in memory of those who lost their lives or suffered injuries in the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, and in honor of the service, sacrifice and contributions of the firefighters, police officers and other personnel who responded to such attacks. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (24) Workers' Memorial Day. The Governor shall proclaim April twenty-eighth of each year to be Workers' Memorial Day to commemorate and to honor workers who have died on the job in the state. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (25) Disability Awareness Day. The Governor shall proclaim July twenty-sixth of each year to be Disability Awareness Day to heighten public awareness of the needs of persons with disabilities. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (26) Volunteer Firefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day. The Governor shall proclaim the first Saturday in August of each year to be Volunteer Firefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day in recognition of the service, sacrifice and contributions of such volunteers to the public health and safety. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (27) Women's Independence Day. The Governor shall proclaim August twenty-sixth of each year to be Women's Independence Day to commemorate the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States granting women the right to vote. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (28) Destroyer Escort Day. The Governor shall proclaim the third Saturday in June of each year as Destroyer Escort Day to commemorate and honor the service of destroyer escort ships in World War II, the Korean War and the Vietnam War and the sailors who served on them. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (29) Iwo Jima Day. The Governor shall proclaim February twenty-third of each year to be Iwo Jima Day to commemorate the raising of the American flag over the battlefield at Iwo Jima. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (30) Korean Armistice Day. The Governor shall proclaim July twenty-seventh of each year to be Korean Armistice Day to commemorate the signing of the armistice ending the Korean hostilities. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (31) Prudence Crandall Day. The Governor shall proclaim September third of each year to be Prudence Crandall Day in honor of her birthday. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (32) Polish-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim May third of each year to be Polish-American Day to honor Americans of Polish ancestry, their culture and the contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (33) Green Up Day. The Governor shall proclaim the last Saturday in April of each year to be Green Up Day to encourage citizens to clean up their communities, to plant trees and flowers and to otherwise enhance the physical beauty of the state's communities and countryside. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (34) Romanian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim December first of each year to be Romanian-American Day to honor Americans of Romanian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (35) Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim October tenth of each year to be Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day to honor Americans of Chinese-Taiwanese ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (36) Austrian-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim May fifteenth of each year to be Austrian-American Day to honor Americans of Austrian ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (37) Greek-American Day. The Governor shall proclaim March twenty-fifth of each year, the day that Greeks celebrate as Greek Independence Day, to be Greek-American Day to honor Americans of Greek ancestry, their culture and the great contribution they have made to this country. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (38) Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day. The Governor shall proclaim October twenty-third of each year to be Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day to honor the bravery of the Hungarian freedom fighters during the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (39) National Children's Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Sunday in October of each year to be National Children's Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (40) Youth to Work Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Wednesday of February of each year to be Youth to Work Day to allow an adult to bring a youth to work for the purpose of exposing such youth to the workplace. Suitable programs shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (41) Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-fourth of each year to be Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day to commemorate her valor and to honor the commitment and dedication of teachers throughout the United States. Suitable exercises may be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (42) Gulf War Veterans Day. The Governor shall proclaim February twenty-eighth of each year to be Gulf War Veterans Day, in recognition of the service and sacrifice of the sons and daughters of Connecticut who served in the military service of the United States in the Persian Gulf War. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (43) Long Island Sound Day. The Governor shall proclaim the Friday before Memorial Day of each year to be Long Island Sound Day to encourage citizens to acknowledge and celebrate the economic, recreational and environmental values of the Sound. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (44) A Week to Remember Persons who are Disabled or Shut-in. The Governor shall proclaim the third week in May of each year to be "A Week to Remember Persons who are Disabled or Shut-in". Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

      (45) Firefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week. The Governor shall proclaim the first week in August of each year to be Firefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week in recognition of the service, sacrifice and contributions of such personnel to the public health and safety. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the week.

      (46) Family Day. The Governor shall proclaim the second Sunday in September of each year to be Family Day. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (47) Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day. The Governor shall proclaim May twenty-fifth of each year to be Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day to commemorate and to honor Igor I. Sikorsky. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (48) Juneteenth Independence Day. The Governor shall proclaim the Saturday that is closest to June nineteenth of each year to be Juneteenth Independence Day in recognition of the formal emancipation of enslaved African-Americans pursuant to General Order No. 3 of June 19, 1865, in Galveston, Texas. Suitable exercises shall be held in the State Capitol and elsewhere as the Governor designates for the observance of the day.

      (b) Distribution and number of proclamations. The number of the Governor's proclamations for the initial observance of a day under any subdivision of subsection (a) of this section that are printed, handled and mailed shall be limited to the following: (1) One copy of each proclamation issued by the Governor shall be distributed (A) to each municipality, (B) to each school in each municipality, (C) to each public and private institution of higher education and (D) to each public library. (2) One copy of those proclamations declaring a day of fasting and prayer, Independence Day, and Thanksgiving Day shall be distributed to each church and synagogue in the state. The Governor may issue either not more than one proclamation or not more than one letter to each such entity to proclaim the subsequent observance of each such day.

      (P.A. 78-218, S. 26; P.A. 83-11; P.A. 84-56, S. 1; 84-546, S. 21, 173; P.A. 85-219; 85-229; P.A. 87-53, S. 1; P.A. 89-15, S. 1; 89-20, S. 1, 2; 89-118, S. 3; P.A. 90-180; P.A. 91-44; 91-130, S. 1, 2; P.A. 93-117, S. 1, 2; 93-281, S. 1; P.A. 94-75, S. 2, 3; 94-88; P.A. 95-25, S. 1, 2; 95-67; P.A. 96-45; 96-84, S. 1, 2; 96-155, S. 1; 96-244, S. 50, 63; P.A. 97-75; 97-77; 97-146, S. 1, 2; 97-288, S. 5, 6; P.A. 02-126, S. 8; P.A. 03-29, S. 1; 03-79, S. 1.)

      History: P.A. 83-11 required the governor to proclaim March 17 of each year St. Patrick's Day to pay honor to the Irish people; P.A. 84-56 amended Subsec. (a) to reflect date for observance of Martin Luther King Day under federal law and added provisions re German-American Day and Friends Day as Subsecs. (p) and (q), relettering former Subsec. (p) as (r); P.A. 84-546 made technical grammatical changes in Subsec. (c); P.A. 85-219 inserted new Subsec. (r) re Lithuanian Day and P.A. 85-229 inserted new Subsec. (s) re Powered Flight Day, relettering former Subsec. (r) accordingly; P.A. 87-53 added new Subsec. (t) re proclamation of Ukrainian-American Day and relettered Subsec. (t) as Subsec. (u); P.A. 89-15 added new Subsec. re proclamation of Retired Teachers Day; P.A. 89-20 inserted new Subsec. requiring governor to proclaim August fourteenth as day to commemorate end of World War II; P.A. 89-118 inserted new Subsec. re proclamation of 911 Day, relettering Subsecs. as necessary; P.A. 90-180 inserted a new Subsec. (x) re proclamation of Workers' Memorial Day and relettered former Subsec. (x) as Subsec. (y); P.A. 91-44 inserted new Subsec. re proclamation of Disability Awareness Day and relettered former Subsec. (y) accordingly; P.A. 91-130 inserted new Subsecs. re proclamation of Volunteer Forefighter and Volunteer Emergency Medical Services Personnel Day, and re Women's Independence Day, and relettered former Subsec. (y) accordingly; P.A. 93-117 inserted new Subsec. (bb) re proclamation of Destroyer Escort Day, relettered former Subsec. (bb) accordingly and authorized governor to issue letters to proclaim observance of any day under this section after initial observance of the day, effective June 14, 1993; P.A. 93-281 inserted new Subsec. (cc) re proclamation of Iwo Jima Day, necessitating the relettering of newly created (cc) as (dd); P.A. 94-75 inserted new Subsec. (dd) re proclamation of Korean Armistice Day and relettered former Subsec. (dd) accordingly, effective July 1, 1994; P.A. 94-88 amended Subsec. (t) by changing date of Ukrainian-American Day from January twenty-second to August twenty-fourth, added new Subsec. (ee) re Prudence Crandall Day and relettered former Subsec. (dd) as (ff); P.A. 95-25 designated Subsecs. (a) to (ee), inclusive, as Subdivs. (1) to (31), inclusive, of Subsec. (a) and added Subdiv. (32) re proclamation of Polish-American Day and designated Subsec. (ff) as Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 95-67 added new Subdiv. (33) re Green Up Day; P.A. 96-45 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (39), re National Children's Day; P.A. 96-84 added Subdivs. (34) to (38), inclusive, in Subsec. (a) re Romanian-American Day, Republic of China on Taiwan-American Day, Austrian-American Day, Greek-American Day and Hungarian Freedom Fighters Day, effective May 8, 1996; P.A. 96-155 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (40), re Youth to Work Day; P.A. 96-244 added new Subdiv. in Subsec. (a), codified by the Revisors as (41), re Christa Corrigan McAuliffe Day, effective June 6, 1996; P.A. 97-75 added Subdiv. (42) in Subsec. (a) re Gulf War Veterans Day; P.A. 97-77 added Subsec. (43) re Long Island Sound Day; P.A. 97-146 added new Subdivs. (44) and (45) in Subsec. (a) re A Week to Remember Persons who are Disabled or Shut-in and Forefighter and Emergency Medical Services Personnel Week, effective June 13, 1997; P.A. 97-288 added new Subdiv. (46) in Subsec. (a) re Family Day, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 02-126 amended Subsec. (a)(23) by proclaiming September eleventh of each year as Remembrance Day in lieu of 911 Day, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 03-29 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (47) re Connecticut Aviation Pioneer Day, effective April 25, 2003; P.A. 03-79 amended Subsec. (a) by adding Subdiv. (48) re Juneteenth Independence Day, effective June 3, 2003.

      See Sec. 46a-41 re White Cane Safety Day.

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      Sec. 10-29b. Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission. (a) There is established a Martin Luther King, Jr. Holiday Commission, consisting of nineteen members. The initial appointees shall include all members of the Martin Luther King, Jr. Commission established by Executive Order No. Fifteen of Governor William A. O'Neill. The terms of the initial appointees shall expire on February 28, 1991. On or before March 1, 1991, the Governor shall appoint members of the commission as follows: Ten members shall serve for terms of four years from said March first and one member shall serve for a term of two years from said March first. On or before March 1, 1991, eight members shall be appointed for terms of two years from said March first, two of whom shall be appointed by the president pro tempore of the Senate, two by the minority leader of the Senate, two by the speaker of the House of Representatives and two by the minority leader of the House of Representatives. Thereafter all members shall serve for terms of four years from March first in the year of their appointment. The Governor shall designate one of the members appointed by him to be chairperson of the commission, and the commission shall elect one member to be vice-chairperson. Any person absent from (1) three consecutive meetings of the commission or (2) fifty per cent of such meetings during any calendar year shall be deemed to have resigned from the commission, effective immediately. Vacancies on the commission shall be filled by the appointing authority. Members of the commission shall serve without compensation but shall, within the limits of available funds, be reimbursed for expenses necessarily incurred in the performance of their duties. The commission shall meet as often as deemed necessary by the chairperson or a majority of the commission.

      (b) The commission shall: (1) Ensure that the commemoration of the birthday of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. in the state is meaningful and reflective of the spirit with which he lived and the struggles for which he died, (2) maintain a clearinghouse of programs and activities relating to the observance and promotion of such birthday in the state, (3) cooperate with the Martin Luther King, Jr. Federal Holiday Commission, community organizations and municipalities in the state, (4) develop and implement programs and activities for the state as it deems appropriate and (5) not later than September first, annually, submit to the Governor a report on its findings, conclusions, proposals and recommendations for the observance of such birthday in the following January.

      (c) The commission may use such funds as may be available from federal, state or other sources and may enter into contracts to carry out the purposes of this section.

      (d) The Commission on Human Rights and Opportunities shall serve as secretariat and consultant to the commission.

      (P.A. 89-258, S. 1, 2.)

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      Secs. 10-30 and 10-30a. Certain days to be proclaimed by Governor; distribution and number of proclamations. Proclamation of Hat Day prohibited. Sections 10-30 and 10-30a are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1368; 1949, S. 888d, 889d; 1955, S. 890d; 1957, P.A. 168, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 80; February, 1965, P.A. 13, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 208, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 11, S. 2; 151; 204; 1971, P.A. 84; 118, S. 1; P.A. 73-3, S. 2; 73-9; 73-406; 73-648, S. 2; P.A. 74-18; P.A. 76-267, S. 2; P.A. 77-320, S. 1-3; P.A. 78-218, S. 211; P.A. 83-76, S. 1, 2.)

      See Sec. 10-29a.

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PART II
HIGH SCHOOLS

      Secs. 10-31 and 10-32. Establishment and maintenance. Duties of town board of education. Sections 10-31 and 10-32 are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1369, 1370; 1957, P.A. 13, S. 60; 1963, P.A. 302; February, 1965, P.A. 111, S. 1.)

      See Sec. 10-15 re towns' duty to maintain schools.

      See Sec. 10-220 re duties of boards of education.

      See Sec. 10-241 re powers of school districts.

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      Sec. 10-33. Tuition in towns in which no high school is maintained. Any local board of education which does not maintain a high school shall designate a high school approved by the State Board of Education as the school which any child may attend who has completed an elementary school course, and such board of education shall pay the tuition of such child residing with a parent or guardian in such school district and attending such high school.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1371; P.A. 78-218, S. 27.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" school board for "town" and "town school board" references and made other minor language changes.

      Cited. 103 C. 160. Cited. 181 C. 544, 546-548.

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      Sec. 10-34. Approval by state board of incorporated or endowed high school or academy. The State Board of Education may examine any incorporated or endowed high school or academy in this state and, if it appears that such school or academy meets the requirements of the State Board of Education for the approval of public high schools, said board may approve such school or academy under the provisions of this part, and any town in which a high school is not maintained shall pay the whole of the tuition fees of pupils attending such school or academy, except if it is a school under ecclesiastical control.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1372.)

      Cited. 181 C. 544, 547, 548. Judgment of appellate court in Mary Petrowski v. Norwich Free Academy, 2 CA 551, 553, reversed. 199 C. 231 et seq.

      Cited. 2 CA 551, 553; judgment reversed, see 199 C. 231 et seq.

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      Sec. 10-35. Notice of discontinuance of high school service to nonresidents. Cooperative arrangements and school building projects for school accommodations. (a) A board of education which is providing educational facilities for nonresident high school students and which desires to discontinue furnishing such service to nonresident students shall notify the board of education of the school district wherein such pupils reside that such facilities will not be so furnished, such notice to be given not less than one year prior to the time when such facilities will cease to be so furnished, provided the board of education not maintaining a high school may enter into an agreement with another board of education to provide such facilities for a period not exceeding ten years, in which event the time agreed upon shall not be changed except by agreement between the parties.

      (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section, boards of education which enter into a cooperative arrangement pursuant to section 10-158a for the purpose of a school building project for school accommodations for students residing within the school districts that are members of such cooperative arrangement, may enter into agreements to provide such school accommodations for a period of not less than twenty years.

      (1951, 1953, S. 892d; P.A. 78-218, S. 28; P.A. 97-247, S. 8, 27.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 made technical changes to simplify language; P.A. 97-247 designated existing provisions as Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re cooperative arrangements, effective July 1, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-36. Agreements with Gilbert School and Woodstock Academy. Section 10-36 is repealed, effective July 1, 1996.

      (1955, S. 891d; P.A. 78-218, S. 29; P.A. 86-294, S. 2, 3; P.A. 96-244, S. 62, 63.)

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      Secs. 10-37 and 10-38. Transportation within the town. Joint high schools. Sections 10-37 and 10-38 are repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1373, 1374; 1959, P.A. 77; 1969, P.A. 603, S. 2.)

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PART IIa
POSTSECONDARY SCHOOLS

      Sec. 10-38a. Maintenance of postsecondary schools. Section 10-38a is repealed except that any institution operating under the provisions of said section prior to April 1, 1965, may continue to operate in accordance with the provisions of said section.

      (1959, P.A. 232, S. 1; 1963, P.A. 583; February, 1965, P.A. 330, S. 25.)

      History: 1963 act added provisions concerning joint operation of postsecondary school by two or more towns through their boards of education, allowed towns to raise money for new facilities through taxation and provided for termination of joint postsecondary schools; 1965 act repealed section except that schools operating before April 1, 1965, were unaffected.

      See Secs. 10a-22u to 10a-22x, inclusive, 10a-74.

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PART IIb
REGIONAL COMMUNITY COLLEGES

      Secs. 10-38b to 10-38i. Transferred to Chapter 185b, Part I, Secs. 10a-71 to 10a-78, inclusive.

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      Sec. 10-38j. Recommendations for expansion of higher educational opportunities. Section 10-38j is repealed.

      (1969, P.A. 812, S. 6; P.A. 77-573, S. 27, 30.)

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      Secs. 10-38k and 10-38l. Transferred to Chapter 185b, Part I, Secs. 10a-79 and 10a-80, respectively.

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PART III*
REGIONAL SCHOOLS

      *Plaintiff merely taxpayer and voter in area affected has no standing to bring action for declaratory judgment concerning validity of establishment of regional school district under this chapter. 157 C. 1.

      Sec. 10-39. Temporary regional school study committee. (a) Two or more towns may establish a regional school district in accordance with the provisions of this part.

      (b) Two or more local or regional school districts may, by vote of their legislative bodies, join in the establishment of a temporary regional school study committee, hereafter referred to as the committee, to study the advisability of establishing a regional school district, and report to the respective towns in accordance with section 10-43. In performing its duties, such committee may employ an architect to assist in estimating the cost of providing school facilities, an appraiser to establish the value of assets of each participating school district and such other professional consultants or personnel as may be needed, provided the committee shall not incur obligations which exceed the moneys received pursuant to section 10-42. The committee shall continue until dissolved pursuant to section 10-43 but no longer than two years from the date of its organization unless the legislative bodies of the participating towns vote to extend the life of the committee for a period not to exceed two years.

      (c) Two or more boards of education may conduct a preliminary study of the advisability of establishing a regional school district, and if their findings are affirmative, such boards of education, except as provided below, shall submit a written report to the chief executive officer in each town served by such boards. Within thirty days of the receipt of the report, such officer shall call a meeting of the legislative body of the town which shall consider the report and vote on the question of establishing a temporary regional school study committee pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. In the case of a regional board of education, such board shall call a meeting of the regional school district for such purposes.

      (d) A regional school district may participate as a region in any study undertaken pursuant to subsection (b) or (c) of this section. In the case of a preliminary study, the regional board of education shall submit the written report to a regional school district meeting called to consider the report and vote on the question of joining in the establishment of a temporary regional school study committee pursuant to subsection (b) of this section. A regional school district may vote to appoint five members to a temporary regional school study committee at a regional school district meeting. Two of such members shall be members of the regional board of education. The towns which are members of such regional school district shall be "participating" towns for the purposes of notice, reports and referenda under sections 10-41 to 10-43, inclusive, and section 10-45. If a new regional school district is established by the referenda, the board of education of the regional school district which participated in the study shall be deemed a town board of education for purposes of section 10-46a.

      (1951, 1953, 1955, S. 895d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 30; P.A. 85-44, S. 1, 2; P.A. 91-303, S. 13, 22; P.A. 97-247, S. 9, 27.)

      History: 1969 act made former provisions Subsec. (b), added Subsec. (a) re formation of regional school districts, included in Subsec. (b) provisions concerning employment of appraisers and other professional consultants and term of existence of committee and added Subsecs. (c) to (e) re preliminary studies; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" school districts and deleted Subsec. (e); P.A. 85-44 amended Subsec. (a) to delete minimum and maximum enrollment standards requirement; P.A. 91-303 in Subsec. (d) deleted requirement that the study be for the purpose of establishing a regional school district which may provide for the proposed district all programs under the general supervision and control of the state board of education; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (a) to remove provisions re regulations, effective July 1, 1997.

      Cited. 157 C. 7. Cited. 169 C. 613, 615, 618, 623. Cited. 180 C. 464, 465.

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      Sec. 10-40. Appointment of committee members. The legislative body of each town joining in the establishment of such a committee shall appoint to such committee five members at least two of whom shall be members of the board of education of such town. The town clerk of each town shall immediately give notice of the appointments made to the Commissioner of Education. Within thirty days of receipt of the last of such notices, the commissioner shall appoint a consultant to such committee. The consultant shall call the first meeting of the study committee within ten days after such appointment.

      (1951, 1953, 1955, S. 895d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 31; P.A. 96-244, S. 2, 63.)

      History: 1963 act added requirement that state board of education provide consultant; 1965 act changed number of representatives from each town from four to five and required at least two to be members of town board of education; 1969 act deleted provisions concerning town meeting procedure for member selection and made legislative body of town responsible for selection, required town clerk to notify state board of appointment, required that consultant be appointed within thirty days of notification and required that consultant call first committee meeting within ten days of appointment; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted "Commissioner" for "State Board" of Education, effective July 1, 1996.

      Cited. 141 C. 401. Cited. 169 C. 613, 618.

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      Sec. 10-41. Officers and records of committee. The committee, at its first meeting, shall elect from among its number a chairperson, a secretary, a treasurer who shall be bonded, and such other officers as the committee determines to be necessary. Meetings of the committee shall be held at the call of the chairperson or at such times as the committee determines. A majority of the committee shall constitute a quorum. The treasurer shall receive all funds and moneys of the committee, pay out the same upon the order of the committee within the limits of such receipts and keep detailed accounts thereof. The secretary of the committee shall keep minutes of the meetings and file copies thereof with the town clerk of each participating town.

      (1951, 1953, 1955, S. 896d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 3; P.A. 78-218, S. 32.)

      History: 1969 act replaced oblique reference to first meeting in former provisions with "at its first meeting", deleted requirement for twenty-four hour notice of meetings and required that minutes be filed with clerk; P.A. 78-218 substituted "chairperson" for "chairman".

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      Sec. 10-42. Expenses of committee. The committee may receive and disburse for the purposes of the study moneys from any source, including bequests, gifts or contributions, made by any individual, corporation or association. Each participating town shall pay a share of the expenses of the committee in an amount which is in the same proportion to the total expenses as the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261 for the school year next prior to that in which the committee is established bears to the total number of such pupils in participating towns. The expenses of the committee in the initial two-year period shall not exceed ten dollars times the total number of pupils used in the above computation. An affirmative vote by the legislative body to join a temporary regional school study committee shall obligate the town or regional school district to pay its share of the expenses of the committee. The treasurer of the district shall pay to the committee upon demand of its treasurer any portion of such share. Subject to the approval of the State Board of Education, for the purpose of computing any state grant for school building purposes under chapter 173, any part of such moneys paid to an architect for professional services shall be applied to the total cost of any school building which may be constructed. An affirmative vote by the legislative body to extend the life of the committee pursuant to section 10-39 shall obligate the town or regional school district to pay its share of the additional expenses. The total expenses of the committee for each additional year shall not exceed one-half the limit set for the initial two-year period. Any unencumbered balance remaining in the treasury of the committee at the time such committee is dissolved shall be returned by the treasurer to the participating districts in the same proportion as their respective shares were paid to finance the expenses of the committee.

      (1951, 1955, S. 897d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 4; P.A. 79-128, S. 31, 36; P.A. 95-259, S. 4, 32.)

      History: 1969 act simplified the wording of the section, obligated towns voting to join temporary study committee to pay their share of expenses and additional expenses resulting from extension of committee's term of operation and limited total expenses for each additional year to one-half of limit set for initial two-year term; P.A. 79-128 replaced "number of pupils used to compute the grant to such town pursuant to section 10-262" with "number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261"; P.A. 95-259 increased the limit on expenses of the committee from five to ten dollars times total number of pupils, effective July 6, 1995.

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-43. Reports to towns. Dissolution of committee. (a) The committee shall, at least semiannually, make progress reports to the participating towns and the State Board of Education in such manner as the committee deems suitable. Upon completion of its study, the committee shall present a written report of its findings and recommendations to the State Board of Education and the town clerk of each participating town. If the committee finds that establishment of the proposed regional school district is inadvisable, its report shall include such findings and an explanation of the reasons for its conclusions. If the findings of the committee support the feasibility and desirability of establishing a regional school district, its report shall contain (1) the findings of the committee with respect to the advisability of establishing a regional school district, (2) the towns to be included, (3) the grade levels for which educational programs are to be provided, (4) detailed educational and budget plans for at least a five-year period including projections of enrollments, staff needs and deployment and a description of all programs and supportive services planned for the proposed regional school district, (5) the facilities recommended, (6) estimates of the cost of land and facilities, (7) a recommendation concerning the capital contribution of each participating town based on appraisals or a negotiated valuation of existing land and facilities owned and used by each town for public elementary and secondary education which the committee recommends be acquired for use by the proposed regional school district, together with a plan for the transfer of such land and facilities, (8) a recommendation concerning the size of the board of education to serve the proposed regional school district and the representation of each town thereon, and (9) such other matters as the committee deems pertinent. The capital contribution of each participating town shall be in the same proportion to the total purchase price or negotiated value of the property transferred as the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261 for the school year preceding that in which the plan is approved by the State Board of Education bears to the total number of such pupils in the participating towns.

      (b) If the committee finds: (1) Establishment of the proposed regional school district is inadvisable, the State Board of Education shall, within thirty days of receipt of such report, send to the committee and the town clerk of each participating town a statement of its agreement or disagreement with the committee report and the reasons therefor. The town clerk shall make available copies of the report and the statement and publish notice thereof in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. Within thirty days after receipt of the statement of the State Board of Education, the committee shall present the report and statement to the legislative body of each participating town at a public meeting called for the purpose of acting thereon. The committee is dissolved upon presentation of its report to all participating towns; (2) establishment of a regional school district is advisable, the State Board of Education shall, within thirty days of the receipt of such report, determine whether the report contains the information described in subsection (a) of this section and shall, accordingly, accept or reject the recommendations of the committee. (A) If the recommendations are rejected, the State Board of Education shall advise the committee in writing of the reason for rejection. The committee may revise its recommendations and resubmit its report within thirty days of receipt of notice of the rejection and shall, in such case, file a copy of the amended report with the town clerk of each participating town. If the committee does not submit an amended plan or if the committee submits an amended plan which is rejected by the State Board of Education, the proposed regional school district shall not be established and the procedure in subdivision (1) of this subsection shall apply. (B) If the committee report is accepted, the State Board of Education shall certify to the town clerk in each of the participating towns that the committee recommendations have been approved and send a copy of such certification to the committee. The town clerk shall make available copies of the certified report and publish notice of the certification and availability of copies in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. Within thirty days after receipt of its copy of the certification, the committee shall hold a public meeting in each participating town to present the certified report. All participating towns shall hold a referendum on the same day in accordance with section 10-45. Upon completion of such referenda as may be held thereunder, the committee is dissolved.

      (1951, 1955, S. 898d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 2; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 5; P.A. 79-128, S. 32, 36; P.A. 96-244, S. 3, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 10, 27.)

      History: 1963 act provided for report to state board of education; 1965 act included statement of contents of reports and provided that committee be dissolved upon state board's action concerning referendum or after negative committee report rather than "when its work is completed"; 1969 act divided section into subsections, required semiannual progress reports rather than reports at committee's discretion, required written report to state board and town clerk rather than to townspeople, required negative report to include reasons for conclusions and required positive report to include elements provided previously plus statement of grade levels included, recommendations re size of school board and recommendations concerning capital contributions of participating towns, added Subsec. (b) concerning actions taken after report and deleted previous provisions concerning dissolution of committee; P.A. 79-128 substituted "pupils in average daily membership of such town as defined in section 10-261" for "pupils used to compute the grant to such town pursuant to section 10-262" in Subsec. (a); P.A. 96-244, in Subsec. (a), added alternative of use of the "negotiated valuation" of existing land and facilities and the alternative of use of the "negotiated value" of the property transferred, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 added requirement for the report to contain detailed educational and budget plans for at least a five-year period and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1997.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 615, 618, 621.

      Subsec. (a):

      Study committee's report failed to meet statutory requirement that the capital contribution of each town be based upon appraised value of land and facilities which each would contribute. 180 C. 464, 467, 468. Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-44. Disposition of committee records. Upon the dissolution of the committee after a referendum establishing a regional school district, the persons who served as secretary and treasurer of the committee shall transfer the original official records of the committee to the secretary of the regional board of education. Upon dissolution of the committee without the establishment of a regional school district, such persons shall transfer such records to the State Board of Education.

      (1951, 1953, 1955, S. 899d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 6.)

      History: 1969 act deleted requirement that records be deposited with town clerks of municipalities involved when district not established and required that records be filed with secretary of regional board after referendum.

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      Sec. 10-45. Referendum on establishment of regional districts. (a) Upon receipt of a copy of the certificate of approval, the committee shall set the day on which referenda shall be held simultaneously in each of the participating towns to determine whether a regional school district shall be established as recommended. Such referenda shall be held between forty-five and ninety days from the date of such approval. The committee shall immediately notify the town clerk in each participating town of its decision. Upon receipt of such notice, the town clerk shall file the notice required by section 9-369a. The warning of such referenda shall be published, the vote taken and the results thereof canvassed and declared in the same manner as is provided for the election of officers of a town. The town clerk of each participating town shall certify the results of the referendum to the State Board of Education.

      (b) The vote on the question shall be taken by a "yes" and "no" vote on the voting machine and the designation of the question on the voting machine ballot label shall be "Shall a regional school district be established in accordance with the plan approved by the State Board of Education on .... (date)?" and the label used shall conform with the provisions of section 9-250. If the majority of the votes in each of the participating towns is affirmative, a regional school district composed of such towns is established and shall be numbered in accordance with the order of the incorporation of the districts.

      (c) If the majority vote of one or more of such towns is negative, the committee shall determine the advisability of immediately submitting the question to referendum a second time. If the committee so recommends, it shall notify the town clerk in each participating town of its decision. Within thirty days after receipt of such notice, the legislative body of the town shall meet to act upon the committee recommendation. If the legislative body in each of the participating towns accepts the recommendation, a second referendum shall be held in each participating town in accordance with the provisions of this section. If the majority of votes cast in each town is affirmative, the regional school district is established and numbered accordingly.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1375; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 900d; 1953, S. 919d; 1963, P.A. 387, S. 3; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 3; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 7; P.A. 86-170, S. 8, 13; P.A. 87-320, S. 4.)

      History: 1963 act added provision requiring state board to approve or disapprove committee recommendations within thirty days and requiring publication of state board's report in newspaper; 1965 act required committee to send report to state board within ten days of its report to towns, replacing vague reference to the naming of towns where regional school should be located which contained no language requiring report to state board, and deleted provision for sending committee report and request for approval to state board after referendum; 1969 act virtually replaced previous provisions with new Subsecs. (a) to (c) concerning referendum vote and second vote if one or more towns has majority of negative votes; P.A. 86-170 required that ballot label designation be in form of question; P.A. 87-320 repealed clause prohibiting absentee voting in other than a special or regular election.

      District held at least de facto. Any irregularities were validated by special act of legislature and no town has power to withdraw legislative authority. 134 C. 613. Cited. 157 C. 7. Cited. 169 C. 613, 618, 619, 621, 623.

      Cited. 20 CS 158.

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      Sec. 10-46. Regional board of education. (a) The affairs of the regional school district shall be administered by a regional board of education, which shall consist of not fewer than five members. Each member town shall elect at least one member. The committee report shall determine the number of members of such regional board and the representation of each town. The first members of such regional board of education shall be nominated and elected at a meeting of the legislative body of each town held within thirty days after the referendum creating the district. The regional board of education at its first meeting, called by the Commissioner of Education within ten days from the time the last member town to appoint members to the regional board has done so, shall organize and the members shall serve until their successors are elected and qualify. At such meeting, the board shall determine the term of office of each member according to the following principles: (1) The term of office of each successor shall be four years; (2) to establish a continuity of membership, a system of rotation shall be used; if the board has an even number of members, one-half of such number shall be elected every two years and if the board has an uneven number of members, no more than a bare majority or a bare minority shall be elected every two years, except when the unexpired portion of the term of a vacated office must be filled; (3) the same system of rotation shall be used for election of the representatives of each member town, if possible; (4) if necessary, it shall be determined by lot which of the initial members shall serve the short terms; (5) at the first election of members in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section, no more than half the offices held by initial board members shall be filled; (6) the offices held by the remaining initial board members shall be filled at the second election held in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section. Thereafter, members of the board shall be nominated and elected in their respective towns in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of this section as determined by the legislative body of each town.

      (b) (1) At least thirty days before the expiration of the term of office of any board member, a town meeting shall be held in accordance with chapter 90 to nominate and elect a successor. Any person who is an elector of such town may vote at such meeting. If a vacancy occurs in the office of any member of the regional board of education, the town affected, at a town meeting called within thirty days from the beginning of such vacancy, shall nominate and elect a successor to serve for the unexpired portion of the term in accordance with the above procedure. (2) Where members of the regional school board are to be elected at-large under a plan for reapportionment recommended under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-63l, and approved under sections 10-63m and 10-63n, at least thirty days before the expiration of the term of office of any board member, a meeting of the voters of the entire regional school district shall be held to nominate and elect successors in accordance with subsection (e) of this section. Any person who is an elector of any member town may vote at such regional meeting. Vacancies shall be filled by a regional meeting called within thirty days from the beginning of such vacancy.

      (c) Board members shall be nominated and elected in the same manner as town officers in accordance with the provisions of title 9 except that (1) section 9-167a and parts II and III of chapter 146 shall not apply, (2) the board members so elected shall take office in accordance with subsection (d) of this section and if members of the regional school board are elected at-large under a plan for reapportionment recommended under subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of section 10-63l, and approved under sections 10-63m and 10-63n, a caucus of the voters of the entire regional school district shall be held to nominate candidates for election to the board in accordance with subsection (e) of this section. At such caucus, any person who is an elector of any member town may vote. If a vacancy occurs in the office of any member of the regional board of education, the legislative body of the town affected shall elect a successor to serve until the next general election, at which time a successor shall be elected to serve any unexpired portion of such term, except that if members are elected at-large, such successor shall be nominated and elected at a meeting of the entire regional school district held as provided in subsection (b) of this section.

      (d) All members of a regional board of education, except those members regularly elected in the month of May, shall take office on the first day of the month following their election. Those members of a regional board of education regularly elected in the month of May shall take office on the first day of July. Such board shall hold an organizational meeting in the month following the last election of members thereof held in the member towns in any calendar year at which time the board shall elect by ballot from its membership a chairperson, a secretary, a treasurer and any other officer deemed necessary and may annually thereafter elect such officers. In the case of a tie vote in the balloting for any officer, such tie shall be broke by lot. The treasurer shall give bond to the regional board of education in an amount determined by the members thereof. The cost of such bond shall be borne by the district.

      (e) Each regional school district meeting and caucus held pursuant to subsection (b) and (c) of this section shall be conducted in accordance with standard parliamentary practice. A moderator shall be chosen to preside over such meeting or caucus. A majority of those present and eligible to vote at such meeting or caucus shall determine the manner in which any vote shall be taken. The moderator shall certify all results of such meeting or caucus to the secretary of the state who shall then officially notify each town within the regional school district of the result.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1376; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 901d; February, 1965, P.A. 470; 1967, P.A. 333, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 8; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 1; P.A. 75-644, S. 11, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-124, S. 1-4; 78-218, S. 33; P.A. 82-184, S. 1, 2.)

      History: 1965 act allowed initial regional board to serve until each member town has held a regular election rather than "until the first meeting in July next succeeding", deleted references to one and three-year terms of office, provided that not more than a bare majority of terms on odd-numbered board expire in any one year and made nomination and election the same as for town board of education members unless done in special town meeting by ordinance; 1967 act returned section to provisions existing before 1965 act except that provisions for two or four year terms were deleted as was provision for half of terms expiring in one year for even-numbered board memberships; 1969 act divided section into subsections, made size of board and representation of towns determined in final committee report rather than by joint vote of town boards comprising district, made secretary of state board responsible for calling first meeting rather than the chairman of the study committee, provided complex guidelines for determining terms of initial members and added Subsecs. (b) to (d) regarding election of members after first appointed members' terms expire; 1971 act amended Subsec. (d) to provide for annual election of officers; P.A. 75-644 deleted provision limiting boards to not more than nine members; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-124 amended Subsecs. (b) and (c) to allow nominations and elections of members at-large and added Subsec. (e) re meetings and caucuses for nomination and election of members at-large; P.A. 78-218 substituted "chairperson" for "chairman" in Subsec. (d); P.A. 82-184 provided that board members regularly elected in May shall take office in July, rather than one month following their election where previously all members, regardless of election date, took office one month following the election.

      Cited. 134 C. 619; 141 C. 401. Cited. 169 C. 613, 615.

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      Sec. 10-46a. Transfer of responsibility to regional board. The regional board of education shall, after consultation with the local boards of education in the towns comprising the regional school district, determine the time and method by which the responsibility of conducting the educational program shall be transferred to the regional board of education, provided such transfer shall be completed within two years of the date of the organizational meeting of the regional board of education. When, in accordance with this section or section 10-47b, a regional board of education assumes the responsibility for administration of all programs which are provided in the member towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education, the local boards of education are dissolved.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 9; P.A. 78-218, S. 34.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education.

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      Sec. 10-47. Powers of regional board. Meetings. Regional boards of education shall have all the powers and duties conferred upon boards of education by the general statutes not inconsistent with the provisions of this part. Such boards may purchase, lease or rent property for school purposes and, as part of the purchase price may assume and agree to pay any bonds or other capital indebtedness issued by a town for any land and buildings so purchased; shall perform all acts required to implement the plan of the committee for the transfer of property from the participating towns to the regional school district and may build, add to or equip schools for the benefit of the towns comprising the district. Such boards may receive gifts of real and personal property for the purposes of the regional school districts. The regional school district annual meeting shall be the district meeting at which the annual budget is first presented for adoption and shall be held the first Monday or the first Tuesday in May. The boards may convene special district meetings when they deem it necessary. District meetings shall be warned and conducted in the same manner as are town meetings. For such purposes, the chairperson of the board shall have the duties of the board of selectmen and the secretary shall have the duties of the town clerk.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1377; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 902d; November, 1955, S. N117; 1963, P.A. 444, S. 1; 1967, P.A. 113, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 10; P.A. 73-539; P.A. 78-218, S. 35.)

      History: 1963 act provided for discontinuing grades and clarified referendum vote needed to effect a change; 1967 act allowed board to accept gifts of real and personal property for purposes of the district; 1969 act simplified wording of provisions, added requirement that board perform all acts necessary in transfer of property from towns to regional district, deleted provisions concerning school bus purchases and inclusion of discontinuance of grades by referendum, and added provisions concerning annual and special district meetings; P.A. 73-539 allowed annual meeting to be held on first Tuesday as well as first Monday in May; P.A. 78-218 substituted "chairperson" for "chairman".

      See Sec. 10-220c re school boards' authorization of vehicle operators to transport children over private roads.

      See Sec. 10-241a re school boards' power to take land by eminent domain.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 618.

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      Sec. 10-47a. Withdrawal of grades. Section 10-47a is repealed.

      (1963, P.A. 444, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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      Sec. 10-47b. Addition or withdrawal of grades. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section, any regional board of education in a school district which does not include all elementary and secondary school grades may recommend a study of the advisability of the addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district or, upon the request of two or more of the town boards of education of the member towns, shall recommend such a study to the chairmen of the town boards of education and chairmen of the boards of finance or other such fiscal authorities in each town affected. Within thirty days of receipt of such recommendation, such chairmen shall each appoint one of the members of their boards and the chairman of the regional board of education shall appoint one member of the regional board from each member town to a study committee. The Commissioner of Education shall appoint a consultant to the study committee. The study committee shall proceed in the same manner as the temporary regional school study committee except that the expenses of the committee shall be borne by the regional school district and shall not exceed three dollars times the number of pupils in average daily membership of such town and regional school districts as defined in section 10-261 and the committee shall submit its report to the participating towns no later than one year from the date of its organizational meeting. If the committee recommends a plan for addition to or withdrawal of grades from the regional school district and the referenda held in the manner provided in section 10-45 result in an affirmative vote in the regional school district as a whole, the participating towns shall implement the plan.

      (b) The procedures in subsection (a) of this section shall not be used to dissolve a regional school district, but may be used to empower the regional school district to administer all programs which are provided in the member towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. In such case, if the vote in each member town affirms the expansion, the town boards of education in such member towns shall be dissolved in accordance with section 10-46a. If the vote is not affirmative in all the member towns, but is affirmative in a majority of such towns, the towns voting in favor of such expansion may initiate a study of the feasibility of establishing a regional school district to administer all programs which are provided in such towns and are under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. Such study shall be initiated and conducted pursuant to sections 10-39 through 10-45. In such case, the study may be made forthwith without using the procedures for withdrawal of a town or dissolution of a regional school district provided in sections 10-63a through 10-63c. If a second regional school district is so established by referenda, the first regional school district shall be dissolved. The State Board of Education shall make the relevant determinations required by section 10-63c for such dissolution of an existing regional school district. The assets apportioned to the member towns of the new regional school district may be transferred directly to said district. If secondary schools are among the assets so transferred to the new regional district, said district shall accept applications from the remaining school districts for admission of secondary students for a tuition based on per pupil cost for a period of at least three years after the dissolution. The State Board of Education may withhold from the next grant paid pursuant to section 10-262i to the town or regional school districts so established an amount equal to the proportionate share to be borne by each such district of the cost of the services rendered by said state board during the dissolution of the regional school district.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 11; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 2; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 79-128, S. 33, 36; P.A. 89-124, S. 9, 13.)

      History: 1971 act amended Subsec. (b) to add provisions concerning establishment of regional district by towns voting affirmatively in referendum on expansion when affirmative vote is not unanimous; P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 79-128 substituted "pupils in average daily membership ... as defined in section 10-261" for "pupils used to compute the grants ... pursuant to section 10-262" in Subsec. (a) and substituted Sec. "10-262c" for Sec. "10-262" in Subsec. (b); P.A. 89-124 in Subsec. (b) substituted reference to Sec. 10-262i for reference to Sec. 10-262c which was repealed by Sec. 8 of public act 88-358.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 623. Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-47c. Amendment of plan. With the exception of the terms which pertain to the capital contribution of member towns, the transfer of property to the regional school district, the grades included, the size of the board of education and the representation of each town on the board and the towns to be served by the regional school district, the terms of the plan approved through referenda pursuant to section 10-45 may be amended as follows: If a regional board of education finds it advisable to amend the plan or if the legislative body of a town served by the regional board of education requests amendment of such plan, the regional board of education shall prepare a report on the proposed amendment, including the question to be presented, file a copy with the Commissioner of Education and the clerk of each member town and make copies of such report available to the public at a district meeting called to present the plan. After such public hearing, the board shall set the date for referenda which shall be held simultaneously in each member town between the hours of six a.m. and eight p.m. At least thirty days before the date of the referenda, the regional board of education shall notify the town clerk in each member town to call the referendum on the specified date to vote on the specified question. The warning of such referenda shall be published, the vote taken and the results thereof canvassed and declared in the same manner as is provided for the election of officers of a town. The town clerk of each town shall certify the vote of the town to the regional board of education and the Commissioner of Education. If the majority vote in each town of the district is in favor of the proposed amendment to the plan, such amendment shall take effect immediately.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 12; P.A. 78-218, S. 36; P.A. 88-360, S. 4, 63; P.A. 90-156, S. 9; P.A. 91-303, S. 14, 22; P.A. 96-244, S. 5, 63.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 made technical change; P.A. 88-360 provided that the town clerk certify the vote of the town to the state board of education; P.A. 90-156 repealed provision prohibiting absentee voting in "other than a special or regular election"; P.A. 91-303 added the exception for the size of the board of education and the representation of each town on the board; P.A. 96-244 substituted "Commissioner" for "State Board" of Education, effective July 1, 1996.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 614, 618, 620-623.

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      Secs. 10-48 and 10-49. Relocation of site. Site in town outside district. Sections 10-48 and 10-49 are repealed.

      (1953, S. 903d, 904d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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      Sec. 10-49a. Site in town outside district. Any school district may acquire real property upon which to build a school in a town not within such school district, provided such town approves such acquisition by referendum. Those eligible to vote at town meetings under section 7-6 shall be eligible to vote on such question. Any school district proposing to acquire such property shall so notify the town clerk of the town in which such property is located, and such town shall hold a referendum within sixty days after receipt of such notice. The school district giving such notice shall bear the cost of such referendum.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 25.)

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      Sec. 10-50. Admission of adjacent town to district. Section 10-50 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1375; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 905d; 1953, S. 919d; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 4; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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      Sec. 10-51. Fiscal year. Budget. Payments by member towns; adjustments to payments. Investment of funds. Temporary borrowing. Reserve fund. (a) The fiscal year of a regional school district shall be July first to June thirtieth. Except as otherwise provided in this subsection, not less than two weeks before the annual meeting held pursuant to section 10-47, the board shall hold a public district meeting to present a proposed budget for the next fiscal year. Any person may recommend the inclusion or deletion of expenditures at such time. After the public hearing, the board shall prepare an annual budget for the next fiscal year, make available on request copies thereof and deliver a reasonable number to the town clerk of each of the towns in the district at least five days before the annual meeting. At the annual meeting on the first Monday in May, the board shall present a budget which includes a statement of (1) estimated receipts and expenditures for the next fiscal year, (2) estimated receipts and expenditures for the current fiscal year, (3) estimated surplus or deficit in operating funds at the end of the current fiscal year, (4) bonded or other debt, (5) estimated per pupil expenditure for the current and for the next fiscal year, and (6) such other information as is necessary in the opinion of the board. Persons present and eligible to vote under section 7-6 may accept or reject the proposed budget except as provided below. No person who is eligible to vote in more than one town in the regional school district is eligible to cast more than one vote on any issue considered at a regional school district meeting or referendum held pursuant to this section. Any person who violates this section by fraudulently casting more than one vote or ballot per issue shall be fined not less than three hundred dollars or more than five hundred dollars and shall be imprisoned not less than one year or more than two years and shall be disenfranchised. The regional board of education may, in the call to the meeting, designate that the vote on the motion to adopt the budget shall be by paper ballots at the district meeting held on the budget or by a "yes" or "no" vote on the voting machines in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting. If submitted to a vote by voting machine, questions may be included on the ballot for persons voting "no" to indicate whether the budget is too high or too low, provided the vote on such questions shall be for advisory purposes only and not binding upon the board. Two hundred or more persons qualified to vote in any regional district meeting called to adopt a budget may petition the regional board, in writing, at least three days prior to such meeting, requesting that any item or items on the call of such meeting be submitted to the persons qualified to vote in the meeting for a vote by paper ballot or on the voting machines in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting and in accordance with the appropriate procedures provided in section 7-7. If a majority of such persons voting reject the budget, the board shall, within four weeks thereafter and upon notice of not less than one week, call a district meeting to consider the same or an amended budget. Such meetings shall be convened at such intervals until a budget is approved. If the budget is not approved before the beginning of a fiscal year, the disbursing officer for each member town, or the designee of such officer, shall make necessary expenditures to such district in amounts equal to the total of the town's appropriation to the district for the previous year and the town's proportionate share in any increment in debt service over the previous fiscal year, pursuant to section 7-405 until the budget is approved. The town shall receive credit for such expenditures once the budget is approved for the fiscal year. After the budget is approved, the board shall estimate the share of the net expenses to be paid by each member town in accordance with subsection (b) of this section and notify the treasurer thereof. With respect to adoption of a budget for the period from the organization of the board to the beginning of the first full fiscal year, the board may use the above procedure at any time within such period. If the board needs to submit a supplementary budget, the general procedure specified in this section shall be used.

      (b) For the purposes of this section, "net expenses" means estimated expenditures, including estimated capital expenditures, less estimated receipts as presented in a regional school district budget. On the date or dates fixed by the board, each town in the district shall pay a share of the cost of capital outlay, including costs for school building projects under chapter 173, and current expenditures necessary for the operation of the district. The board shall determine the amount to be paid by each member town. Such amount shall bear the same ratio to the net expenses of the district as the number of pupils resident in such town in average daily membership in the regional school district during the preceding school year bears to the total number of such pupils in all the member towns, provided that the board may recalculate such amount based on the number of pupils in average daily membership in the regional school district for the current school year and may adjust each member town's payment to the regional school district for the following fiscal year by the difference between the last such payment and the recalculated amount. Until the regional school district has been in operation for one year, such amounts shall be based on the average daily membership of pupils in like grades from each of such towns at any school at which children were in attendance at the expense of such towns during the preceding school year.

      (c) The board shall deposit or invest temporarily any funds which are not needed immediately for the operation of the school district as permitted in section 7-400 or 7-402. Any income derived from such deposits or investments shall be used at least semiannually to reduce the net expenses. The board shall use any budget appropriation which has not been expended by the end of the fiscal year to reduce the net expenses of the district for the following fiscal year. The board may borrow funds temporarily and issue notes or other obligations, and pay interest thereon, in anticipation of payments to be made to it by a member town or the state, for the operation of its schools. Such notes or obligations shall be authorized by resolution of the board, and shall be general obligations of the regional school district and its member towns. The date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such notes or other obligations shall be determined by the board or any officer or body to whom the board delegates authority to make such determinations. Such notes may be renewed from time to time, provided all such notes shall mature and be payable no later than the end of the fiscal year during which such member town or state payments are payable.

      (d) Upon the recommendation and the approval of a majority of members on the board, a regional board of education may create a reserve fund to finance a specific capital improvement or the acquisition of any specific piece of equipment. Such fund shall thereafter be termed "reserve fund for specific capital improvements or equipment purchases". No annual appropriation to such fund shall exceed one per cent of the annual district budget. Appropriations to such fund shall be included in the share of net expenses to be paid by each member town. The board shall annually submit a complete and detailed report of the condition of such fund to the member towns.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1378; 1951, 1953, S. 906d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 13; 1971, P.A. 679, S. 3, 4; P.A. 81-188; P.A. 83-82, S. 1, 2; 83-309, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-255, S. 6, 21; 84-476, S. 1, 2; P.A. 92-262, S. 7, 42; P.A. 93-158, S. 5, 11; P.A. 94-245, S. 20, 46; P.A. 95-282, S. 5, 11; P.A. 96-244, S. 38, 63; P.A. 01-173, S. 9, 67; P.A. 04-117, S. 3.)

      History: 1969 act added Subsec. (a) concerning budget adoption procedure, defined "net expenses" in Subsec. (b) and incorporated former provisions in Subsec. (b) in newly simplified wording and added Subsec. (c) concerning investment of funds and use of proceeds to reduce net expenses; 1971 act expanded voting provisions in Subsec. (a) to include provisions concerning fraudulent voting and voting by machine and amended Subsec. (c) to permit temporary borrowing by board; P.A. 81-188 added proviso in Subsec. (b) re recalculation of town's payment; P.A. 83-82 and 83-309 amended Subsec. (a) allowing all regional school districts to designate in the call to the meeting that vote on motion to adopt budget shall be by paper ballot or vote on machines where previously only districts comprised of four or more towns could do so; P.A. 84-255 amended Subsec. (a) clarifying that the vote on the motion to adopt the budget shall be by paper ballots at the district meeting held on the budget or by a "yes" or "no" vote on the voting machines in each of the member towns on the day following the district meeting; P.A. 84-476 added new Subsec. (d) re creation of a reserve fund to finance a specific capital improvement or the acquisition of any specific piece of equipment; P.A. 92-262 amended Subsec. (a) to add the provisions concerning a vote by voting machine; P.A. 93-158 amended Subsec. (c) by authorizing board to issue and pay interest on notes and other obligations and adding provision specifying that notes or obligations issued in anticipation of payment shall be obligations of the district and its members, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 94-245 amended Subsec. (a) to change the time frame for the board to call a district meeting if a budget is rejected from "two" to "four" weeks, effective June 2, 1994; P.A. 95-282 made technical changes in Subsec. (c), effective July 6, 1995, provided "any designation of a depository of public funds of the state or any municipality or regional school district, and any prescription of the method of supervision of the investment and reinvestment of trust funds of a municipality, made in accordance with the applicable provisions of sections 4-33, 7-401, 7-402, 7-403, subsection (c) of section 10-52 or subsection (d) of section 10-56 in effect on or before July 6, 1995, shall remain in effect until rescinded or otherwise modified in accordance with the provisions of public act 95-282" (Revisors note: The reference to "section 10-52" appears to be a clerical error since Subsec. (c) of Sec. 10-51 was amended by Sec. 5 of P.A. 95-282); P.A. 96-244 revised effective date section of P.A. 95-282 but without affecting this section; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (b) to redefine "net expenses" to include estimated capital expenditures, and to include costs for school building projects in capital outlay, effective July 1, 2001; P.A. 04-117 amended Subsec. (a) to make a technical change and to authorize necessary expenditures by the disbursing officer for each member town of a regional school district if the budget is not approved before the beginning of a fiscal year, effective July 1, 2004.

      See Sec. 7-380b re issuance of bonds, notes or other obligations authorized before June 23, 1993.

      Cited. 141 C. 401.

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      Sec. 10-51a. Petition to determine deficiency in town payment. If any town which is a member of a regional school district fails to include in its annual town budget appropriations for any year the amount necessary for payment of its proportionate share of the annual budget of such regional school district, as required by section 10-51 or section 5 of number 405 of the special acts of 1959, ten or more taxable inhabitants of a town within such school district, a majority of the board of selectmen of any such town, the Attorney General, a holder or owner of bonds or notes of such regional school district, the board of education of such regional school district or the State Board of Education may petition the Superior Court to determine the amount of the alleged deficiency. If the court finds such deficiency to exist, it shall order such town, through its treasurer, selectmen and assessor, to provide a sum of money equal to such deficiency, together with a sum of money equal to twenty-five per cent thereof. The amount of the deficiency shall be paid by the town to the regional school district as soon as it is available; the additional sum of twenty-five per cent shall be kept in a separate account by such town and shall be applied toward payment of such town's share of the annual budget of the regional school district in the following year. If such order is made prior to the fixing of the annual tax rate of such town, such tax rate shall be adjusted to cover the sums included in such order. If such order is made after the fixing of the annual tax rate of such town, the sums included in such order shall be provided by the town from any available cash surplus, from any contingent fund, from borrowing, through a rate bill under the provisions of section 12-123 or from any combination thereof. Any borrowing to meet such deficiency shall be made by the town treasurer, with the approval of a majority of the selectmen, and no vote of the town shall be required therefor. Such borrowed amount shall be included in the estimated expenses of the town in the tax levy for the next fiscal year. Petitions brought to the Superior Court under the provisions of this section shall be privileged in respect to their assignment for hearing.

      (1961, P.A. 114, S. 1.)

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      Sec. 10-52. Adult education. A regional district may provide adult education for the towns in the district in accordance with sections 10-67 to 10-70, inclusive, and shall be eligible for reimbursements for adult education programs in accordance with sections 10-67 and 10-71. Any balance of the cost of such adult education shall be prorated among and paid by the towns on the basis of the clock hour pupil attendance from each town. The regional board of education shall charge tuition for any student from outside the regional school district who participates in the adult education program.

      (1951, 1955, S. 907d.)

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      Sec. 10-53. Application of education statutes. All provisions of the general statutes relating to public education, including those providing state grants-in-aid, shall apply to each town belonging to a regional school district, provided, if the board of education of any regional school district provides transportation to a regional school, such district shall be reimbursed by the state as provided in section 10-54.

      (1951, S. 908d; 1967, P.A. 473, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 14; P.A. 79-128, S. 5, 34, 36.)

      History: 1967 act added proviso concerning additional grants for towns in regional districts which have program consisting of kindergarten through twelfth grade; 1969 act made additional grants to district rather than towns within it and substituted "empowered to provide ... all programs under the general supervision and control of the state board of education" for "furnishing an educational program including kindergarten through grade twelve"; P.A. 79-128 deleted provision for additional grants to districts.

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-54. Transportation grants. Any local or regional school district which transports pupils to a regional school and any regional school district which transports pupils attending any other school in lieu of that provided by such district in accordance with approval by the regional board of education pursuant to section 10-55 shall be reimbursed by the state for such pupil transportation in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-97 and 10-266m. At the close of each school year any local or regional board of education which provides such transportation shall file an application for such reimbursement on a form to be provided by the State Board of Education. Payments shall be made as soon as possible after the close of each fiscal year.

      (1951, S. 909d; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 15; P.A. 78-218, S. 37; 78-272, S. 4, 6; P.A. 79-128, S. 26, 36; P.A. 86-71, S. 4, 11.)

      History: 1969 act included in reimbursement provision regional districts which transport students attending schools other than those provided by district; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education; P.A. 78-272 changed amount of reimbursement from one-half to fifty-five per cent of transportation cost; P.A. 79-128 changed reimbursement from fifty-five per cent of cost to reimbursement in accordance with Secs. 10-266m and 10-266n; P.A. 86-71 deleted the reference to Sec. 10-266n which was repealed and added the reference to Sec. 10-97.

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-55. Pupils to attend regional school. No pupil from any town belonging to a regional school district shall, at the expense of such town, attend any other school in lieu of that provided by said district except a vocational school approved by the State Board of Education, unless his attendance at such other school is approved by the regional board of education.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1380; 1951, S. 910d.)

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      Sec. 10-56. Corporate powers. Bond issues. (a) A regional school district shall be a body politic and corporate with power to sue and be sued; to purchase, receive, hold and convey real and personal property for school purposes; and to build, equip, purchase, rent, maintain or expand schools. Such district may issue bonds, notes or other obligations in the name and upon the full faith and credit of such district and the member towns to acquire land, prepare sites, purchase or erect buildings and equip the same for school purposes, if so authorized by referendum. Such referendum shall be conducted in accordance with the procedure provided in section 10-47c except that any person entitled to vote under section 7-6 may vote and the question shall be determined by the majority of those persons voting in the regional school district as a whole. The exercise of any or all of the powers set forth in this section shall not be construed to be an amendment of a regional plan pursuant to said section 10-47c. A regional board of education may expend any premium in connection with such issue, interest on the proceeds of such issue or unused portion of such issue to add to the land or buildings erected or purchased and for the purchasing and installing of equipment for the same. Such bonds, notes or other obligations shall be issued as either serial or term bonds or both, in registered form or with coupons attached, registrable as to principal and interest or as to principal alone, shall be signed by the chairman and the treasurer of the regional board of education and shall mature at such time or times, or contain provisions for mandatory amortization of principal at such time or times, be issued at such discount or bear interest at such rate or rates payable at such time or times, or contain provisions for the method or manner of determining such rate or rates or time or times at which interest is payable, and contain such provisions for redemption before maturity at the option of the issuer or at the option of the holder thereof at such price or prices and under such terms and conditions as shall be determined by such board, or by such officer or body to whom the regional board of education delegates the authority to make such determinations, provided that any serial bonds, notes or other obligations shall be so arranged to mature in annual or semiannual installments of principal that shall substantially equalize the aggregate amount of principal and interest due in each annual period commencing with the first annual period in which an installment of principal is due or maturing in annual or semiannual installments of principal no one of which shall exceed by more than fifty per cent the amount of any prior installment, and any term bonds, notes or other obligations, shall be issued with mandatory deposit of sinking fund payments into a sinking fund of amounts sufficient to redeem or amortize the principal of the bonds in annual or semiannual installments that shall substantially equalize the aggregate amount of principal redeemed or amortized and interest due in each annual period commencing with the first annual period in which a mandatory sinking fund payment becomes due, or sufficient to redeem or amortize the principal of the bonds in annual or semiannual installments no one of which shall exceed by more than fifty per cent the amount of any installment. The first installment of any series of bonds shall mature or the first sinking fund payment of any series of bonds shall be due not later than three years from the date of issue of such series and the last installment of such series shall mature or the last sinking fund payment of such series shall be due not later than twenty years therefrom. Such bonds, notes or other obligations when executed, issued and delivered, shall be general obligations of such district and the member towns, according to their terms.

      (b) "Annual receipts from taxation" means the receipts from taxation of the member towns for the fiscal year next preceding the beginning of the current fiscal year of such regional school district. Notwithstanding the provisions of section 7-374, any regional school district may assume bonds, notes or other obligations of any member town as part of the purchase price of any property for school purposes or issue bonds, notes or other obligations, provided the aggregate indebtedness of such district shall not exceed: (1) In the case of a regional school district serving the same towns as are served by two or more town school districts, two and one-quarter times the annual receipts from taxation or (2) in the case of a regional school district empowered to provide for the member towns all programs under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education, four and one-half times such annual receipts from taxation. Any regional school district may issue additional bonds, notes or other obligations in an amount not to exceed three and one-half times such annual receipts from taxation less the aggregate indebtedness computed in accordance with section 7-374, for the member towns of such district. In computing the aggregate indebtedness of a regional school district for purposes of this section and section 7-374 there shall be excluded each bond, note or other evidence of indebtedness issued in anticipation of the receipt of (A) payments by a member town or the state for the operation of such district's schools and (B) proceeds from any state or federal grant for which the district has received a written commitment or for which an allocation has been approved by the State Bond Commission or from a contract with the state, a state agency or another municipality providing for the reimbursement of capital costs but only to the extent such indebtedness can be paid from such proceeds.

      (c) When a district has been authorized to issue general obligation bonds, notes or other obligations as provided by this section, the board may authorize, for a period not to exceed four years, the issue of temporary notes in anticipation of the receipt of the proceeds from the sale of such bonds. Notes issued for a shorter period of time may be renewed by the issue of other notes, provided the period from the date of the original notes to the maturity of the last notes issued in renewal thereof shall not exceed four years. The term of such notes shall not be included in computing the time within which such bonds shall mature. The provisions of section 7-373 shall be deemed to apply to such notes. The board, or such officer or body to whom the board delegates the authority to make such determinations, shall determine the date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such notes which shall be general obligations of the regional school district and member towns. Such notes may bear interest or be sold at a discount. The interest or discount on such notes and any renewals thereof and the expense of preparing, issuing and marketing them may be included as a part of the cost of the project for the financing of which such bonds were authorized. Upon the sale of such bonds, the board shall apply immediately the proceeds thereof, to the extent required, to the payment of the principal and interest of all notes issued in anticipation thereof or deposit the proceeds in trust for such purpose with a bank or trust company, which may be the bank or trust company, if any, at which such notes are payable.

      (d) Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the board may deposit or invest the proceeds of bonds, notes or other obligations as permitted in section 7-400 or 7-402.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1381; 1951, 1955, S. 911d; 1953, S. 919d; November, 1955, S. N118; February, 1965, P.A. 7; 1967, P.A. 626, S. 2; 674; 1969, P.A. 132, S. 2; 698, S. 16; P.A. 74-239, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-350, S. 17, 28; P.A. 87-506, S. 7, 9; P.A. 89-337, S. 4, 6.; P.A. 93-158, S. 6, 11; P.A. 95-282, S. 6, 11; P.A. 96-244, S. 38, 63; P.A. 99-97, S. 3, 6.)

      History: 1965 act allowed regional school districts to redeem bonds by issuing new one; 1967 acts replaced one year limit on original and renewal notes with two-year limit; 1969 acts increased maturity limit on renewal notes for notes originally issued for less than two years to four years; 1969 acts divided section into subsections and added powers to sue and be sued, to purchase, convey, etc. real and personal property and to build, equip, maintain, etc. schools, rephrased provisions concerning bonding power and referendum, deleted provision for numbering districts in order of incorporation, rephrased provision regarding maturity of installments, added Subsec. (b) basing bond limit on aggregate indebtedness and annual receipts from taxation, placed four-year limit on temporary notes regardless of whether they are initial notes or renewals, rephrased other provisions concerning notes and added Subsec. (d) concerning investment or deposit of proceeds of bonds and notes; P.A. 74-239 amended Subsec. (a) to add statement that exercise of powers under section is not to be construed as amendment of regional plan; P.A. 86-350 made a variety of changes for purposes of clarification, updating the statutes to conform to current financial practices and to conform to anticipated changes in federal tax policy; P.A. 87-506 amended Subsec. (a) to provide for various methods of determining payment amounts; P.A. 89-337 allowed semiannual installments, provided that the first maturity date or sinking fund payment shall be not later than three years, rather than two, from the issuance date and clarified the powers which the board may delegate to an officer or a body; P.A. 93-158 amended Subsec. (a) by deleting provision re redemption by new issuance and amended Subsec. (b) by redefining "annual receipts from taxation" to be receipts for fiscal year preceding beginning of current year rather than those preceding close of last year and adding provision re exclusions from the computation of aggregate indebtedness, effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 95-282 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, effective July 6, 1995, provided "any designation of a depository of public funds of the state or any municipality or regional school district, and any prescription of the method of supervision of the investment and reinvestment of trust funds of a municipality, made in accordance with the applicable provisions of sections 4-33, 7-401, 7-402, 7-403, subsection (c) of section 10-52 or subsection (d) of section 10-56 in effect on or before July 6, 1995, shall remain in effect until rescinded or otherwise modified in accordance with the provisions of public act 95-282" (Revisors note: The reference to "section 10-52" appears to be a clerical error since Subsec. (c) of Sec. 10-51 was amended by Sec. 5 of P.A. 95-282); P.A. 96-244 revised effective date section of P.A. 95-282 but without affecting this section; P.A. 99-97 amended Subsec. (b) to add reference to Sec. 7-374 in computing the aggregate indebtedness of districts, effective June 3, 1999.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 614, 616, 618, 620-622.

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      Secs. 10-57 and 10-58. Debt limitation. Investment of proceeds of bond issue. Sections 10-57 and 10-58 are repealed.

      (1951, 1955, S. 912d, 913d; 1955, S. 912d; November, 1955, S. N119; 1957, P.A. 511; September, 1957, P.A. 19; 1963, P.A. 604, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 132, S. 1; 698, S. 27.)

      See Sec. 10-56.

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      Sec. 10-58a. Default of district in payment on bonds or notes. Withholding of state aid. Whenever it is established as herein provided that a regional school district, including Regional School District Number 1 of Litchfield County, has defaulted in the payment of the principal or interest, or both, on its bonds or notes, the payment of state aid and assistance to such regional school district pursuant to any statute then in existence shall be withheld by the state. If a holder or owner of any such bond or note of such regional school district files with the State Comptroller a verified statement describing such bond or note and alleging default in the payment thereof or the interest thereon, or both, the Comptroller shall immediately investigate the circumstances of the alleged default, prepare and file in his office a certificate setting forth his finding with respect thereto and serve a copy of such finding, by registered or certified mail, upon the treasurer or chief fiscal officer of such regional school district. Such investigation shall cover the current status with respect to the payment of principal of and interest on all outstanding bonds and notes of such regional school district, and the statement prepared and filed by the Comptroller pursuant to this section shall set forth a description of all bonds and notes of such regional school district found to be in default and the amount of principal and interest thereon past due. Upon the filing of such a certificate in the office of the Comptroller, the Comptroller shall thereafter deduct and withhold from the next succeeding payment of state aid or assistance otherwise due such regional school district such amount as is necessary to pay the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes of such regional school district then in default. If such amount is insufficient to pay all of such principal and interest, said Comptroller shall similarly deduct and withhold from the next succeeding payment of state aid and assistance, otherwise due to any town in such district which is currently in default of its annual payments to such district, such amount as is necessary to pay the principal of and interest on such bonds or notes remaining in default. If all such amounts withheld are insufficient to pay all such principal and interest, the Comptroller shall similarly deduct and withhold from each succeeding payment of state aid or assistance otherwise due such regional school district and such towns such amount or amounts thereof as may be required to pay all of the principal of and interest on such bonds and notes then in default. Payments of state aid or assistance so deducted and withheld shall be forwarded promptly by the Comptroller to the paying agent or agents for the bonds and notes in default for the sole purpose of payment of defaulted principal of and interest on such bonds or notes; provided, if any such payment of state aid or assistance so deducted or withheld is less than the total amount of all principal and interest on such bonds and notes, then the Comptroller shall forward to each paying agent an amount in the proportion that the amount of such bonds and notes in default payable by such paying agent bears to the total amount of the principal of and interest then in default on such bonds and notes of such regional school district. The Comptroller shall promptly notify the treasurer or the chief fiscal officer of such regional school district of any payment or payments made to any paying agent or paying agents of defaulted bonds or notes pursuant to this section. The state of Connecticut hereby covenants with the purchasers, holders and owners from time to time of bonds and notes issued by regional school districts for school purposes that it will not repeal the provisions of this section or amend or modify the same so as to limit or impair the rights and remedies granted hereby; provided nothing herein contained shall be deemed or construed as requiring the state to continue the payment of state aid or assistance to any regional school district or town or as limiting or prohibiting the state from repealing or amending any law relating to state aid or assistance, the manner and time of payment or apportionment thereof, or the amount thereof.

      (1961, P.A. 114, S. 2.)

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      Sec. 10-59. Fiscal year. Budget. Section 10-59 is repealed.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1383; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 914d; 1959, P.A. 81, S. 1; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

      See Sec. 10-51.

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      Sec. 10-60. Borrowing in addition to bonds. In addition to the power to issue bonds, notes and other obligations as provided by section 10-56, such regional board of education may, when so authorized by a majority vote at a regional school district meeting called for such purpose, borrow sums of money and issue bonds, notes or other obligations, and pay interest thereon, to acquire land, prepare sites, purchase or erect buildings and equip buildings for school purposes, secure the services of architects and professional consultants, and operate and maintain regional schools, and for contingent or other necessary expenses connected therewith in principal amounts which shall not exceed in the aggregate five hundred thousand dollars at any time. Such sums may be borrowed for a term not to exceed ten years. Persons eligible to vote under the provisions of section 7-6 may vote on such issue. Such loans, bonds, notes or other obligations shall be general obligations of such district and the member towns. The regional board of education, or such officer or body to whom the board delegates the authority to make such determinations, shall determine the date, maturity, interest rate, form, manner of sale and other terms of such loans, bonds, notes or other obligations.

      (1949 Rev., S. 1384; 1951, 1953, 1955, S. 915d; 1969, P.A. 290, S. 1; 698, S. 17; P.A. 78-218, S. 38; P.A. 88-67, S. 1, 2; P.A. 89-337, S. 5, 6.)

      History: 1969 acts changed one-hundred-thousand-dollar limit on borrowing to two hundred thousand dollars, made borrowing power dependent on authorization by majority vote at regional district meeting rather than "when deemed necessary" and made technical changes to simplify wording; P.A. 78-218 substituted "chairperson" for "chairman"; P.A. 88-67 increased the two-hundred-thousand-dollar limit on borrowing to five hundred thousand dollars, increased the five-year term for borrowing to ten years and made technical changes; P.A. 89-337 clarified that bonds, notes and other obligations could be issued under this section, restated the allowable purposes of those types of debts and clarified the powers which the board may delegate to an officer or body under this section.

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      Sec. 10-60a. Refunding bonds. Any regional school district which has issued any bonds, notes or other obligations pursuant to any general statute or special act may issue refunding bonds for the purpose of paying, funding or refunding prior to maturity all or any part of such district's bonds, notes or other obligations, the redemption premium, if any, with respect thereto, the interest thereon, the costs with respect to the issuance of such refunding bonds and the payment of such refunded bonds, notes or other obligations. Such refunding bonds shall mature not later than (1) in the case of a single series of bonds, notes or other obligations being refunded, the final maturity date thereof; and (2) in the case of multiple series of bonds, notes or other obligations being refunded, the final maturity date of any such series last to occur. Such refunding bonds shall be authorized, and the proceeds thereof appropriated for the purposes permitted under this section, by resolution of the regional board of education and shall be issued in the same manner, and shall be subject to the same limitations and requirements, other than those requirements with respect to the manner of authorization of the bonds, as bonds issued pursuant to section 10-56. Upon placement in escrow of the proceeds of such refunding bonds or other funds of the district in an amount sufficient, together with such investment earnings thereon as are to be retained in said escrow, to provide for the payment when due of the principal of and interest on the bonds, notes or other obligations to be paid, funded or refunded by such refunding bonds and other funds, such bonds, notes or other obligations shall cease to be included in computing the aggregate indebtedness of the district pursuant to subsection (b) of section 10-56.

      (P.A. 93-158, S. 7, 11; P.A. 99-97, S. 4, 6.)

      History: P.A. 93-158 effective June 23, 1993; P.A. 99-97 added provision to clarify that regional school districts may include the redemption premium and the cost of issuance in the total amount refunded, effective June 3, 1999.

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      Secs. 10-61 to 10-63. Withdrawal of town. Dissolution of district. Payment of indebtedness on dissolution of district. Sections 10-61 to 10-63, inclusive, are repealed.

      (1951, 1955, S. 916d-918d; 1963, P.A. 389, S. 9.)

      See Sec. 10-63a et seq.

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      Sec. 10-63a. Vote for withdrawal of town or dissolution of district. (a) Any town which is a member of a regional school district may, pursuant to a vote of its legislative body, apply to the regional board of education to institute procedure for withdrawal from the district or, in the case of a district composed of two towns, dissolution of the district as hereinafter provided.

      (b) Any two or more towns which are members of a regional school district composed of three or more towns may, pursuant to a vote of the legislative bodies of the respective towns, apply to the regional board of education to institute procedure for the dissolution of the district as hereinafter provided.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 1; February, 1965, P.A. 411, S. 5; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 18.)

      History: 1965 act specified in Subsec. (a) that petition of town in two-town district results in dissolution of district and in Subsec. (b) that petition of two towns in three-or-more-town district results in dissolution of district; 1969 act substituted votes of legislative body or bodies for votes of town meeting or meetings.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 623.

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      Sec. 10-63b. Committee to study issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution. Within thirty days of receipt of an application pursuant to section 10-63a the regional board of education shall call for the appointment of a committee to study issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution. The committee shall consist of the following: One member of the board of education of each town within the district, to be selected by each such board, if any, or if none, an elector to be elected by the legislative body in such town; one member of the board of finance or comparable fiscal body of each town within the district to be selected by each such board or body; two members of the regional board of education, to be selected by such board, no more than one of whom may be a resident of a town making the application for the appointment of the committee; one member to be appointed by the Commissioner of Education, who shall not be a resident of any town within the district; the State Treasurer or the Treasurer's designee, and one member to be appointed by the regional board of education, who shall be an expert in municipal bonding and financing and who shall not be a resident of any town within the district. The members shall receive no compensation for their services, but their expenses and those incurred by the regional board in connection with withdrawal or dissolution procedures shall be paid by the towns applying for withdrawal or dissolution. The appointee of the Commissioner of Education shall call the first meeting of the committee, and the committee shall organize and function in accordance with section 10-41.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 2; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 19; P.A. 78-218, S. 39; P.A. 96-244, S. 6, 63; P.A. 98-56, S. 1, 5.)

      History: 1969 act deleted reference to state board's role in determining if action proposed would be detrimental to children of district, added provision for representation of town by elector if there is no board of education, made appointee of state board responsible for calling meeting and provided for committee's organization and functioning and made other technical changes to simplify language of provisions generally; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted "Commissioner" for "State Board" of Education, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 98-56 changed duties of the committee from determining whether and under what conditions withdrawal or dissolution shall take place to studying issues relating to withdrawal or dissolution, effective January 1, 1999.

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      Sec. 10-63c. Report of committee. Within one year after its appointment, the committee shall prepare a written report that includes: (1) Its recommendation concerning the advisability of a withdrawal or dissolution; (2) a determination of the value of the net assets of the regional district; (3) an apportionment of the net assets to each member town on the basis of the ratio which the total average daily membership of such town since its membership in the regional district bears to the total average daily membership reported to the State Board of Education by the regional board of education up to and including the last such report; (4) a plan for settlement of any obligations and the transfer of property from the regional school district to the member town school districts; (5) a timetable for the orderly withdrawal or dissolution of the regional district and establishment of local boards of education if none exist; (6) the question to be determined by the referenda; and (7) such other matters as the committee deems necessary. The provisions of sections 10-43 and 10-45, except as provided below, shall apply to the procedures for submission of the plan to the State Board of Education, action by such board, presentation of such plan to the member towns, action by such towns and the dissolution of the committee. The establishment of any new local board of education shall be in accordance with chapter 146. Upon an affirmative vote in each member town, or, in the case of a regional school district that does not have a high school, any of the member towns, the regional board of education and member towns shall cooperatively implement the plan for dissolution or withdrawal of a member town.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 3; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 20; P.A. 78-218, S. 40; P.A. 98-56, S. 2, 5.)

      History: 1969 act substituted for former provisions concerning plan of withdrawal or dissolution new provisions for written report of recommendations in favor of or against withdrawal or dissolution and replaced former provisions for procedure on withdrawal plan with new provisions for withdrawal procedure; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education; P.A. 98-56 amended Subsec. (c) to require the committee to include information on all the topics even if the committee does not recommend withdrawal or dissolution, made the recommendation one topic for inclusion in the report, renumbered the topics to be included, and added the provision re affirmative vote in a regional school district without a high school, effective January 1, 1999.

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      Secs. 10-63d and 10-63e. Submission of final plan; publication of notice. Special town meetings on proposal. Sections 10-63d and 10-63e are repealed.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 4, 5; 1969, P.A. 698, S. 27.)

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      Sec. 10-63f. Obligations not affected by action. Such withdrawal or dissolution shall not impair the obligation of the withdrawing town or the district to the holders of any bonds or other outstanding indebtedness issued prior to withdrawal or dissolution under authority of this part. The regional board of education and the board of education of the town or towns involved may make agreements for the payment of money to or from the district and said towns in accordance with the final plan of withdrawal.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 6.)

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      Sec. 10-63g. Withdrawal and dissolution restricted. (a) No town shall be permitted to withdraw from a regional school district and no district shall be dissolved except in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-63a to 10-63f, inclusive, and no application for withdrawal or dissolution shall be made within three years after the formation of the district.

      (b) No town which has voted to apply for the institution of withdrawal or dissolution procedure as provided in sections 10-63a to 10-63f, inclusive, may again so apply within three years after the date of its last application.

      (1963, P.A. 389, S. 7, 8.)

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      Sec. 10-63h. Applicability to existing regional school districts. Notwithstanding the provisions of any general or special act or compact adopted by referenda to establish a regional school district, the provisions of this part shall apply to the regional school districts in existence on June 24, 1969, except as provided below.

      (a) Nothing in this part shall be construed to require an existing regional school district to change the composition of the membership of its board of education or their terms of office or as prohibiting the selection of members of such boards by appointment.

      (b) If the board consists of nine members, three from each member town, such members may be elected on a rotating basis each year for terms of three years. If any adjustments are necessary to achieve this system, the regional school district shall use the procedures provided in section 10-47c to make the necessary changes, provided the term of office of no incumbent shall be shortened.

      (c) Any such school district may change the representation of the member towns on the regional board or change the term of office of such members to four years in accordance with the procedures provided in section 10-47c. If the latter change is made, the member towns may elect their representatives on the regional board of education in accordance with subsection (b) or (c) of section 10-46 as determined by the legislative body of each town.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 21; P.A. 86-333, S. 28, 32.)

      History: P.A. 86-333 added the provision to Subsec. (a) that nothing be construed as prohibiting the selection of members by appointment.

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      Sec. 10-63i. Regional school district established before June 24, 1969. Any referenda establishing a regional school district before June 24, 1969, which by the terms of the question presented in such referenda established a regional school district to provide educational programs for kindergarten through grade twelve, shall be deemed to have empowered such district to provide for the member towns any program under the general supervision and control of the State Board of Education. In such cases, the town board of education in each member town is dissolved when the regional board of education assumes the direction of all such programs in the member towns, but in no case later than two years from the date of the referenda establishing such regional school district.

      (1969, P.A. 698, S. 22.)

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      Sec. 10-63j. "Representation", defined. Representation as used in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and in sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, means the composition of the regional board of education, the number and manner of election of its members from the several towns constituting a regional school district and the voting power of each member of the regional board of education.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 1, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 41.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 deleted Subsec. (a) re notification as to whether representation on regional board is consistent with U.S. constitutional standards.

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      Sec. 10-63k. Regional school reapportionment committee. (a) If the Commissioner of Education notifies in writing a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, the legislative body of each participating town of a regional school district so notified shall, within thirty days of the receipt of such written notice from the commissioner, appoint a regional school reapportionment committee in the same manner as provided for in section 10-40 relating to the appointment of a regional school study committee. The town clerk of each town shall immediately give notice of the appointments made to the Commissioner of Education. Within ten days of receipt of the last of such notices, the Commissioner of Education shall appoint a consultant to such committee. The consultant shall call the first meeting of the regional school reapportionment committee within seven days after such appointment.

      (b) The regional school reapportionment committee shall organize, proceed, and operate in accordance with the provisions of section 10-41. It shall receive funds, be reimbursed for expenses, and dispose of unencumbered balances remaining in the treasury of the committee in accordance with the provisions of section 10-42.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 2, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 587, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 42; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 96-244, S. 7, 63.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 made technical changes; P.A. 96-244 substituted "Commissioner" for "State Board" of Education in Subsec. (a), effective July 1, 1996.

      Cited. 169 C. 613, 621.

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      Sec. 10-63l. Powers of regional school reapportionment committee. (a) The power, function, and responsibility of the regional school reapportionment committee shall be to determine and recommend a plan of representation on the regional board of education consistent with federal constitutional standards. Among the alternatives it may consider and include in its recommendation are the following: (1) The number of members on the regional board from each participating town shall be determined in the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of each town bears to the population of the entire regional school district; (2) the regional school board shall be elected at large by the voters of the entire regional school district; (3) the voting power of the members from each town on the regional school board shall be weighted in the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of each town bears to the population of the entire regional school district; (4) such other method of representation or of distribution of voting power that is consistent with federal constitutional standards, provided, in the case of any such method which determines the number of members on the regional school board from each participating town, or the voting power of such members, in accordance with the proportion that the population of such town bears to the population of the entire regional school district or to the population of any other town in such district, the population of any such town shall not include the patients of any state institution located in such town.

      (b) The regional school reapportionment committee shall submit its recommended plan of representation in writing to the State Board of Education within three months after its first organizational meeting.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 3, 14; P.A. 76-397, S. 1, 2.)

      History: P.A. 76-397 excluded consideration of patients in state institutions as part of town's population in formulas for determining representation on board.

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      Sec. 10-63m. Approval or rejection of plan recommended by regional school reapportionment committee. (a) Upon receipt of a recommended plan of representation from a regional school reapportionment committee, the State Board of Education shall examine same and within thirty days of receipt either approve or reject said plan, and so notify the regional school reapportionment committee.

      (b) If the State Board of Education rejects the recommended plan of representation, it shall return it to the regional school reapportionment committee and shall in a written report advise the committee of the reasons for rejection, and suggest modifications to make the plan consistent with federal constitutional standards. The committee shall, within twenty days after receiving the plan back from the State Board of Education with the report, revise the plan and resubmit it to the Board of Education. If the regional school reapportionment committee refuses to revise the plan, or if it submits to the State Board of Education a plan which the board determines is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, then the provisions of section 10-63s shall apply.

      (c) If the State Board of Education approves the plan of representation submitted by the regional school reapportionment committee, it shall certify to the town clerk in each town of the regional school district that the recommended plan has been approved and the State Board of Education shall send a copy of such certification to the regional school reapportionment committee. The town clerk shall make available copies of the certification to the public, and publish notice of it and the approved plan in a newspaper having general circulation in the town. The regional school reapportionment committee shall hold a public meeting in each town of the regional school district to present the approved plan of representation.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 4, 14.)

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      Sec. 10-63n. Referendum for regional school reapportionment. Establishment of plan. (a) Upon receipt of a copy of the certificate of approval of the plan, the regional school reapportionment committee shall set the date upon which referenda shall be held on the same date in each town in the regional school district.

      (b) The referenda shall be held in accordance with the provisions of section 10-45, except that the question on the voting machine ballot label shall be "Shall representation on the regional school board be established in accordance with the plan approved by the State Board of Education on .... (date)?" and the label used shall conform with the provisions of section 9-250.

      (c) If the majority of the votes in each of the towns in the regional school district is affirmative, the plan of representation is established.

      (d) If the majority vote of one or more towns is negative, the provisions of subsection (c) of said section 10-45 shall apply. If the majority of votes cast in each town on a second referendum is affirmative, the plan of representation is established.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 5, 14; P.A. 86-170, S. 9, 13.)

      History: P.A. 86-170 required that designation on ballot label be in form of question.

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      Sec. 10-63o. Execution of reapportionment plan. A plan of representation established as provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, shall be effective seven days after the referenda resulting in an affirmative majority vote in each of the participating towns. If the plan of representation requires a reduction in the number of members on a regional board of education from a participating town, a determination of the order in which the terms of members from such town shall be terminated shall be made on the basis of the length of the unexpired portion of their terms, with the terms of members having the shortest unexpired portions being terminated first until the number of members from the town complies with the plan. If two or more members of a town have the same unexpired portions of their terms, then within seven days after the date the plan is established, and under the supervision of the other members of the regional board, the member or members whose term or terms shall terminate shall be determined by lot. If the plan requires that additional members on the regional board of education be added from a town within the regional school district, the legislative body of the town shall fill the vacancies by appointment. A new member of the board so appointed by the legislative body of a town shall serve until a successor is elected and qualified at the next town election. The remaining members on a regional board of education whose terms are not affected by the plan of representation shall serve the unexpired portions of the terms for which they have been elected. Questions as to the terms of office of members on a regional board of education shall be determined by the regional board in accordance with the principles established in section 10-46.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 6, 14; P.A. 78-218, S. 43.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for reference to repealed Sec. 10-63u.

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      Sec. 10-63p. Time limits for reapportionment. Right to compel compliance. The time limits provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, may be extended by the State Board of Education for good cause. The failure to meet a time limit herein provided shall not in and of itself invalidate action taken after said time limit. Any resident of a regional school district shall have the right, power, and legal standing, to seek appropriate relief from a court having jurisdiction to compel compliance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 7, 14; P.A. 85-613, S. 92, 154.)

      History: P.A. 85-613 made technical changes, substituting references to Sec. 10-63t for references to Sec. 10-63u.

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      Sec. 10-63q. Notification as to constitutionality of regional board representation following decennial census. The Commissioner of Education shall on or before the first day of May next following the completion of the decennial census of the United States, notify in writing each regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district of whether or not on that date representation on the regional board of education is consistent with federal constitutional standards. If the commissioner notifies a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of the towns within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, then a regional school reapportionment committee shall be appointed and a plan of representation established as provided for in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 8, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 44; 78-303, S. 85, 136.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for reference to repealed Sec. 10-63u.

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      Sec. 10-63r. Establishment of new plan of representation permitted after initial reapportionment. After a plan of representation has been established pursuant to subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, the legislative bodies of the towns in a regional school district may appoint a regional school reapportionment committee in accordance with the provisions of said sections and a new plan of representation on the regional school board of education may be established in accordance with the provisions of said sections.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 9, 14; P.A. 85-613, S. 93, 154.)

      History: P.A. 85-613 made technical change, substituting reference to Sec. 10-63t for reference to Sec. 10-63u.

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      Sec. 10-63s. Duties of Commissioner of Education. Actions of regional board to be by weighted vote. (a) After the Commissioner of Education has notified in writing a regional board of education and the chief executive officer of each town within a regional school district that representation on the regional board of education is not consistent with federal constitutional standards, the commissioner shall keep informed of and assist in the progress toward establishment of a plan of representation. If the commissioner determines that significant progress is not being made, such as the refusal of the legislative body of a town to appoint members to a regional school reapportionment committee, the refusal of a regional school reapportionment committee to submit a plan of representation which has the approval of the State Board of Education, the rejection of a plan by the voters of any participating town within a regional school district, or any other block in the progress toward establishing a plan of representation, the commissioner shall notify in writing the regional board of education, the regional school reapportionment committee, if one has been appointed, and the chief executive officer of each participating town that unless significant progress toward the establishment of a plan of representation is made within thirty days of the date of such notice, the regional board of education shall be required to act only by weighted vote. If at the end of said thirty day period, the commissioner determines that significant progress has not been made toward the establishment of a plan of representation, the commissioner shall notify the regional board in writing that after ten days from said notice, the regional board shall act only by weighted vote and after said specified date, the regional board shall be authorized or empowered to act only by weighted vote.

      (b) As herein used in subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, "weighted vote" means that the voting power on the regional board shall be distributed among the members in such a manner that each member shall have a weight attached to such member's vote, or shall be entitled to cast a number of votes, equal to the proportion, within permissible deviant limits consistent with federal constitutional standards, that the population of such member's town bears to the total population of the entire school district, with members on the board from each town dividing the weight or the number of votes accorded to that town equally among them.

      (c) If within three months after the Commissioner of Education has specified the date after which the regional board can act only by weighted vote, a plan of representation has not been established for the regional school district, the State Board of Education shall establish a plan of representation for that regional school district and file it with the town clerk of each participating town. Said plan shall have the full force of law and shall remain in effect until a plan of representation has been adopted by the towns within the regional school district in accordance with the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 10, 14; P.A. 77-614, S. 302, 610; P.A. 78-218, S. 45; 78-303, S. 85, 136; P.A. 93-353, S. 5, 52; P.A. 97-247, S. 11, 27.)

      History: P.A. 77-614 and P.A. 78-303 substituted commissioner of education for secretary of the state board of education, effective January 1, 1979; P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for repealed Sec. 10-63u and made technical changes; P.A. 93-353 amended Subsec. (c) to change the authority for setting the date after which the regional board can only act by weighted vote from the state board to the commissioner, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (b) to delete provision requiring regulations to implement the manner of the weighted vote, effective July 1, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-63t. Applicability of reapportionment requirements. Notwithstanding the provisions of any general or special act or any compact adopted by referenda to establish a regional school district, the provisions of subsection (a) of section 10-46 and sections 10-63j to 10-63t, inclusive, shall apply to any regional school district in existence on April 21, 1976.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 12, 14; P.A. 78-218, S. 46.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted Sec. 10-63t for reference to repealed Sec. 10-63u and replaced "the date specified in Sec. 10-63u" with "April 21, 1976".

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      Secs. 10-63u to 10-63y. Effective date of reapportionment requirements of sections 10-46(a) and 10-63j to 10-63u, inclusive. Withdrawal from or dissolution of regional school districts in existence on April 21, 1976. Establishment of committee on withdrawal or dissolution. Report of committee. Limitation on number of applications for withdrawal or dissolution. Sections 10-63u to 10-63y, inclusive, are repealed.

      (P.A. 75-644, S. 14; P.A. 77-352, S. 1-4; P.A. 78-218, S. 198, 199, 211; P.A. 82-127, S. 1, 2.)

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PART IV
REGIONAL VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE CENTERS

      Sec. 10-64. Establishment of regional vocational agriculture centers. Moratorium; exception. Tuition and transportation. (a) Any local or regional board of education may enter into agreements with other such boards of education to establish a regional vocational agriculture center in conjunction with its regular public school system, provided such center shall have a regional vocational agriculture consulting committee which shall advise the operating board of education but shall have no legal authority with respect to such center. Such agreements may include matters pertaining to the admission of students, including the establishment of a reasonable number of available program acceptances and the criteria for program acceptance. Each board of education shall appoint to said committee two representatives, who have a competent knowledge of agriculture or aquaculture, as appropriate, and who need not be members of such board.

      (b) No new vocational agriculture center shall be approved by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-65, during the three-year period from July 1, 1993, to June 30, 1996, except that the State Board of Education may approve such a center if it is to be operated by the board of education of a local or regional school district with fifteen thousand or more resident students, as defined in subdivision (19) of section 10-262f. If a new regional vocational agriculture center is established for a school district pursuant to this subsection, any resident student of such school district who, during the school year immediately preceding the initial operation of such center, was enrolled in grades 10 to 12, inclusive, in a regional vocational agriculture center operated by another local or regional board of education, may continue to be enrolled in such regional vocational agriculture center.

      (c) For purposes of this section and sections 10-65 and 10-66, the term "vocational agriculture" includes vocational aquaculture and marine-related employment.

      (d) Any local or regional board of education which does not furnish vocational agricultural training approved by the State Board of Education shall designate a school or schools having such a course approved by the State Board of Education as the school which any person may attend who has completed an elementary school course through the eighth grade. The board of education shall pay the tuition and reasonable and necessary cost of transportation of any person under twenty-one years of age who is not a graduate of a high school or vocational school and who attends the designated school, provided transportation services may be suspended in accordance with the provisions of section 10-233c. Each such board's reimbursement percentage pursuant to section 10-266m for expenditures in excess of eight hundred dollars per pupil incurred in the fiscal year beginning July 1, 2004, and in each fiscal year thereafter, shall be increased by an additional twenty percentage points.

      (1955, S. 920d; 1967, P.A. 638, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 47; P.A. 89-387, S. 36, 41; P.A. 93-410, S. 1, 6; P.A. 04-197, S. 2.)

      History: 1967 act made provisions applicable to town and regional boards of education and allowed two representatives on committee for each board, rather than one representative for first fifty farms in district and one for each additional fifty farms; P.A. 78-218 referred to "local and regional" boards rather than "town and regional" boards; P.A. 89-387 amended prior provisions, redesignated as Subsec. (a), to include reference to aquaculture and added new Subsec. (b) defining "vocational agriculture"; P.A. 93-410 amended Subsec. (a) to specify that the agreements may include matters pertaining to the admission of students, relettered Subsec. (b) as Subsec. (c) and inserted new Subsec. (b) pertaining to a moratorium on the establishment of new centers, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 04-197 added Subsec. (d) re provision, tuition and transportation for vocational agricultural training when not provided by district, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-65. Grants for constructing and operating vocational agriculture centers. Tuition charges. (a) Each local or regional school district operating a vocational agriculture center approved by the State Board of Education for program, educational need, location and area to be served shall be eligible for the following grants: (1) In accordance with the provisions of chapter 173, through progress payments in accordance with the provisions of section 10-287i, ninety-five per cent of the net eligible costs of constructing, acquiring, renovating and equipping approved facilities to be used for such vocational agriculture center, for the expansion or improvement of existing facilities or for the replacement or improvement of equipment therein, and (2) subject to the provisions of section 10-65b, in an amount equal to seven hundred dollars per student for every secondary school student who was enrolled in such center on October first of the previous year.

      (b) The board of education operating a vocational agriculture center may charge, subject to the provisions of section 10-65b, tuition for a school year in an amount not to exceed one hundred twenty per cent of the foundation level pursuant to subdivision (9) of section 10-262f, per student for the fiscal year in which the tuition is paid, except that such board may charge tuition for (1) students enrolled under shared-time arrangements on a pro rata basis and (2) special education students which shall not exceed the actual costs of educating such students minus the amounts received pursuant to subdivision (2) of subsection (a) of this section and subsection (c) of this section. Any tuition paid by such board for special education students in excess of the tuition paid for non-special-education students shall be reimbursed pursuant to section 10-76g.

      (c) In addition to the grants described in subsection (a) of this section, within available appropriations, (1) each local or regional board of education operating a vocational agriculture center in which more than one hundred and fifty of the students in the prior school year were out-of-district students shall be eligible to receive, a grant in an amount equal to five hundred dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in such center on October first of the previous year, (2) on and after July 1, 2000, if a local or regional board of education operating a vocational agriculture center that received a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection, no longer qualifies for such a grant, such local or regional board of education shall receive a grant in an amount determined as follows: (A) For the first fiscal year such board of education does not qualify for a grant under said subdivision (1), a grant in the amount equal to four hundred dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in its vocational agriculture center on October first of the previous year, (B) for the second successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to three hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, (C) for the third successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to two hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, and (D) for the fourth successive fiscal year such board of education does not so qualify, a grant in an amount equal to one hundred dollars for every such secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date, and (3) each local and regional board of education operating a vocational agriculture center which does not receive a grant pursuant to subdivision (1) or (2) of this subsection shall receive a grant in an amount equal to sixty dollars for every secondary school student enrolled in such center on said date.

      (d) (1) If there are any remaining funds after the amount of the grants described in subsections (a) and (c) of this section are calculated, within available appropriations, each local or regional board of education operating a vocational agriculture center shall be eligible to receive a grant in an amount equal to one hundred dollars for each student enrolled in such center on October first of the previous school year. (2) If there are any remaining funds after the amount of the grants described in subdivision (1) of this subsection are calculated, within available appropriations, each local or regional board of education operating a vocational agriculture center that had more than one hundred and fifty out-of-district students enrolled in such center on October first of the previous school year shall be eligible to receive a grant based on the ratio of the number of out-of-district students in excess of one hundred and fifty out-of-district students enrolled in such center on said date to the total number of out-of-district students in excess of one hundred and fifty out-of-district students enrolled in all vocational agriculture centers that had in excess of one hundred and fifty out-of-district students enrolled on said date.

      (1955, S. 921d; 1961, P.A. 40; 1967, P.A. 638, S. 2; P.A. 78-218, S. 48; P.A. 82-204, S. 1, 2; P.A. 83-106, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-460, S. 1, 16; P.A. 85-463, S. 1, 2; P.A. 86-71, S. 5, 11; P.A. 89-355, S. 3, 20; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 2, 22; P.A. 93-410, S. 2, 6; P.A. 95-226, S. 14, 30; P.A. 96-178, S. 8, 18; P.A. 97-247, S. 13, 27; P.A. 00-192, S. 82, 102; P.A. 01-173, S. 11, 67; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5, S. 5; P.A. 04-197, S. 1.)

      History: 1961 act changed references from high school to secondary school; 1967 act amended Subdiv. (a) to delete limitation to centers to be built and equipped before June 30, 1967, to delete number of centers to total of twenty-four for entire state and to allow grants for expansion and improvement of existing facilities and for replacement or improvement of equipment; P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education; P.A. 82-204 permitted boards of education to charge actual cost of education for special education students and made special education tuition a reimbursable expense under state special education formula; P.A. 83-106 excluded from "total cost of operating" calculation transportation expenditures otherwise reimbursable and stipulated use of previous year's average daily membership count in car grant calculation; P.A. 84-460 amended Subsec. (a) to provide that projects to construct, acquire, renovate or equip vocational agriculture centers would be eligible for school construction grants; P.A. 85-463 added Subsec. (b) re grant eligibility of E.O. Smith School; P.A. 86-71 deleted the references to Sec. 10-266n which was repealed and added the reference to Sec. 10-97; P.A. 89-355 deleted Subsec. (b) re E.O. Smith School, restructured the section with a new Subsec. (b) designation and provided that tuition grants be phased out and not be paid for the fiscal years following the fiscal year ending June 30, 1990, and made technical changes; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 provided for a grant equal to seven hundred dollars per student in Subsec. (a), eliminating grants for the total cost of operating a vocational agriculture center and amended Subsec. (b) to limit tuition to the average per pupil expenditures for all students enrolled in the vocational agriculture center minus seven hundred dollars rather than the average per pupil expenditure for all secondary school pupils in the receiving district and eliminated grants to sending school districts; P.A. 93-410 amended Subsecs. (a) and (b) to add "subject to the provisions of section 10-65b" and further amended Subsec. (b) to change the method for computing the cap on tuition charges, effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 95-226 made technical changes in Subsecs. (a) and (b), amended Subsec. (b) to substitute "one hundred two" for "one hundred twenty-one" per cent and in Subdiv. (2) to substitute references to amounts received pursuant to Subsecs. (a) and (c) for "seven hundred dollars" and added Subsec. (c) concerning an additional grant, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-178 added Subsec. (d) re additional grants, effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 amended Subsec. (a) to remove requirement that facilities and equipment for which a grant is received pursuant to chapter 173 be used "exclusively" for vocational agricultural purposes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 00-192 amended Subsec. (c) by adding new Subdiv. (2) re grants to local or regional boards operating vocational agriculture centers and designating existing Subdiv. (2) as Subdiv. (3), effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 01-173 amended Subsec. (d) to make technical changes, effective July 1, 2001; May 9 Sp. Sess. P.A. 02-5 amended Subsec. (a)(1) to replace lump sum payments of the entire eligible cost with progress payments of ninety-five per cent of the eligible cost, effective July 1, 2002; P.A. 04-197 amended Subsec. (b) by increasing maximum tuition from one hundred two per cent to one hundred twenty per cent of foundation level and by making a technical change, effective July 1, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-65a. Plan to increase racial and ethnic diversity. (a) Each local and regional board of education which operates a vocational agriculture center shall establish and implement a five-year plan to increase racial and ethnic diversity at such center. The plan shall reasonably reflect the racial and ethnic diversity of the area of the state in which the center is located.

      (b) Each local and regional board of education which operates a vocational agriculture center shall conduct an annual study to ascertain the educational and vocational activities in which graduates of such center are engaged five years after graduation and shall submit the study to the State Board of Education.

      (P.A. 93-410, S. 4, 6; P.A. 97-39, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 93-410 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-39 deleted Subsec.(a) concerning recruitment of students by vocational agriculture centers, redesignated existing Subsecs. (b) and (c) as Subsecs. (a) and (b), and substituted "racial and ethnic diversity" for "minority student representation".

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      Sec. 10-65b. Provision of student's nonagricultural academic courses; shared-time arrangements. A local or regional board of education which operates a regional vocational agriculture center shall provide to each student enrolled in such center all of the student's nonagricultural academic courses, provided that any such board which, on or before July 1, 1993, entered into an agreement to offer shared-time arrangements and any such board which operates a regional vocational aquaculture program may offer or continue to offer such shared-time arrangements unless the Commissioner of Education determines that such shared-time arrangements are not in substantial compliance with the provisions of sections 10-64 and 10-65 and any regulations adopted pursuant to section 10-66. For purposes of this section and said section 10-65, "shared-time arrangements" means the enrollment of students in a regional vocational agriculture center while such students receive nonagricultural academic courses in a school district under the jurisdiction of a local or regional board of education other than the board of education operating such center.

      (P.A. 93-410, S. 5, 6; P.A. 97-290, S. 28, 29.)

      History: P.A. 93-410 effective July 1, 1993; P.A. 97-290 added provision on shared-time arrangements for regional vocational aquaculture programs, effective July 1, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-66. Regulations. The State Board of Education may adopt, in accordance with the provisions of chapter 54, such regulations as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this part and to insure reasonable economy in the vocational agriculture centers.

      (1955, S. 923d; P.A. 93-410, S. 3, 6.)

      History: P.A. 93-410 made a technical change, effective July 1, 1993.

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PART IVa*
REGIONAL EDUCATIONAL SERVICE CENTERS

      *Sec. 10-66a et seq. cited. 34 CA 567, 572.

      Sec. 10-66a. Establishment. A regional educational service center may be established in any regional state planning area designated in accordance with section 16a-4a upon approval by the State Board of Education of a plan of organization and operation submitted by four or more boards of education for the purpose of cooperative action to furnish programs and services. Except where the pupil population is over fifty thousand in a given planning area, only one regional educational service center may be established in such area. In no case shall there be more than two educational service centers in any such area and in no case shall a board of education be a member of more than one regional educational service center. If, after the establishment of a regional educational service center, boards of education vote to withdraw so that fewer than four such boards are members or the State Board of Education denies continued approval pursuant to section 10-66h, the center shall cease to exist at the end of the subsequent fiscal year.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 1; P.A. 78-218, S. 49; 78-295, S. 1, 9; P.A. 79-631, S. 48, 111; P.A. 80-154, S. 1, 5.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education and deleted phrase designating August 1, 1972 as commencement date for establishing centers; P.A. 78-295 substituted "member" for "participating" boards, substituted Sec. "16a-4a" for "4-124b", required submission of plan of organization and operation for state board's approval before establishment of center, prohibited membership of board of education in more than one center and provided for dissolution of center if state board denies continued approval; P.A. 79-631 and P.A. 80-154 made technical changes.

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      Sec. 10-66b. Operation and management. Board. The operation and management of any regional educational service center shall be the responsibility of the board of such center to be composed of at least one member from each participating board of education, selected by such board of education. The board of the regional educational service center may designate from its membership an executive board which shall have such powers as the board of the regional educational service center may delegate and which are consistent with this part. The term of office of members of the board of the regional educational service center shall not exceed four years. Members of the board of the regional educational service center shall receive no compensation for services rendered as such, but may be reimbursed for necessary expenses in the course of their duties. The director of the regional educational service center shall serve as the executive agent of the board of the regional educational service center.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 2; P.A. 80-154, S. 2, 5; P.A. 94-245, S. 10, 46.)

      History: P.A. 80-154 added provision concerning membership of regional board when participating boards of education are responsible for students who attend E.O. Smith School; P.A. 94-245 deleted obsolete language which had required that the board of certain regional educational service centers include member designated by the board of trustees of The University of Connecticut, effective June 2, 1994.

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      Sec. 10-66c. Powers of board of center. (a) A regional educational service center shall be a body corporate and politic. The board of a regional educational service center shall be a public educational authority acting on behalf of the state of Connecticut and shall have the power to sue and be sued, to receive and disburse private funds and such prepaid and reimbursed federal, state and local funds as each member board of education may authorize on its own behalf, to employ personnel, to enter into contracts, to purchase, receive, hold and convey real and personal property and otherwise to provide the programs, services and activities agreed upon by the member boards of education. The board of a regional educational service center shall have authority, within the limits prescribed by this part and as specified by the written agreement of the member boards, to establish policies for the regional educational service center, to determine the programs and services to be provided, to employ staff including a director of the center, to prepare and expend the budget and, within the limits authorized under this section, to provide for the financing of the programs and projects of the regional educational service center.

      (b) For the purpose of carrying out or administering a regional educational service center project, program or other function authorized under this section or refinancing existing indebtedness or funding debt service reserve or project reserve funds, a regional educational service center may, without limiting its authority under other provisions of law, borrow temporarily in anticipation of receipt of current revenues and issue bonds, notes or other obligations payable from or secured by any one or more of the following: (1) A pledge, lien, mortgage or other security interest in any or all of the income, proceeds, revenues and property, real or personal, of its projects, assets, programs or other functions, including the proceeds of grants, loans, advances, guarantees or contributions from the federal government, state or any other source; or (2) a pledge, lien, mortgage or other security interest in the property, real or personal, of projects to be financed by the bonds, notes or other obligations.

      (c) Bonds, notes or other obligations issued under this section may be issued in one or more series, shall bear such date or dates, be in such form, mature at such time or times, be payable at such place or places whether within the state or without, bear interest at such rate or rates, be in such denominations and form, with coupons attached, or registered, be fully negotiable, contain such conversion and redemption provisions, such other terms, covenants and conditions and be issued and sold in such manner as the regional educational service center, by resolution of the board of such center, determines, and may be payable at such time or times not exceeding twenty years from the date of issuance. Such bonds, notes or other obligations shall not constitute an indebtedness within the meaning of any debt limitation or restrictions and shall not be obligations of the state of Connecticut or any municipality, and each such bond, note or other obligation shall so state on its face. Neither the officers or members of the board of any regional educational service center nor any person executing the bond, note or other obligations shall be personally liable thereon by reason of the issuance thereof.

      (d) A regional educational service center may issue notes in anticipation of the receipt of proceeds from the sale of such bonds. If such notes are issued, the provisions of sections 7-378 and 7-378a, relating to the terms and conditions of issuing and renewing such notes, shall apply.

      (e) Each pledge, agreement or assignment made for the benefit or security of any bonds, notes or other obligations issued under this section shall be in effect until the principal and interest on the bonds, notes or other obligations for the benefit of which the same were made have been fully paid, or until provision is made for the payment in the manner provided in the resolution or resolutions authorizing their issuance. Any pledge or assignment made in respect of such bonds, notes or other obligations secured thereby shall be valid and binding from the time when the pledge or assignment is made; any income, proceeds, revenues or property so pledged or assigned and thereafter received by the regional educational service center shall immediately be subject to the lien of such pledge, without any physical delivery thereof or further act; and the lien of any such pledge or assignment shall be valid and binding as against parties having claims of any kind in tort, contract or otherwise against the regional educational service center, irrespective of whether such parties have notice thereof. Neither the resolution, trust indenture, agreement, assignment or other instrument by which a pledge is created need be recorded or filed, except for the recording of any mortgage or lien on real property or on any interest in real property.

      (f) A regional educational service center may enter into contractual agreements, including trust indentures or agreements with trustees, for the collection, investment and payment of pledged or assigned income, proceeds, revenues or property, the establishment of reserves, covenants and agreements for the benefit of the trustee or the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations, and such other terms and conditions which are reasonable to delineate the respective rights, duties, safeguards, responsibilities and liabilities of the regional educational service center, holders of bonds, notes or other obligations and the trustee or assignee. Any such agreement may provide for the pledge or assigning of any assets or income from assets to which or in which the center has rights or interest, the vesting in such trustee or trustees of such property, rights, powers and duties in trust as the center may determine, which may include any or all of the property, rights, powers and duties of any trustee appointed by the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations, or limiting or restricting the rights of any holder of any bonds, notes or other obligations, or limiting or abrogating the right of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations to appoint a trustee, or limiting the rights, powers and duties of such trustee, and may further provide for such other rights and remedies exercisable by the trustee as may be proper for the protection of the holders of any bonds, notes or other obligations and not otherwise in violation of law, including the acceleration of payment in the event of a default.

      (g) Any regional educational service center may obtain from a commercial bank or insurance company authorized to do business within or without this state a letter of credit, line of credit or other credit or liquidity facility, for the purpose of providing funds for the payment of such bonds, notes or other obligations required by their terms or by the holder thereof to be redeemed or repurchased at or prior to maturity or for providing additional security for such bonds, notes or other obligations. In connection therewith, a regional educational service center may authorize the execution of reimbursement agreements, remarketing agreements, standby bond purchase agreements, agreements for the purpose of moderating interest rate fluctuations and any other necessary or appropriate agreements. If a regional educational service center is required to draw upon any such credit facility, the amount of each loan made pursuant to such credit facility shall be repaid by the center as provided in such agreement with the provider of the credit facility, but no later than the last date on which the bond, notes or other obligations secured thereby would be required to mature by law. Such regional educational service center may pledge or assign or mortgage any of its income, proceeds, revenues or properties authorized by this section to secure its bonds, notes or other obligations to secure its payment obligations under any agreement entered into pursuant to this section.

      (h) Bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center under the provisions of this section are hereby made securities in which all public officers and public bodies of the state and its political subdivisions, all insurance companies, credit unions, building and loan associations, investment companies, savings banks, banking associations, trust companies, executors, administrators, trustees and other fiduciaries and pension, profit-sharing and retirement funds may properly and legally invest funds, including capital in their control or belonging to them. Such bonds are hereby made securities which may properly and legally be deposited with and received by any state or municipal officer or any agency or municipality of the state for any purpose for which the deposit of bonds or obligations of the state is now or may hereafter be authorized by law.

      (i) A regional educational service center shall be considered an agency of the state for purposes of subdivision (14) of subsection (d) of section 42a-9-109.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 3; P.A. 75-431; P.A. 78-77, S. 1, 2; 78-295, S. 2, 9; P.A. 80-154, S. 3, 5; P.A. 87-460, S. 1, 2; P.A. 95-259, S. 29, 32; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2, S. 68.)

      History: P.A. 75-431 allowed regional center boards to be eligible to receive direct reimbursement in accordance with Sec. 10-76g; P.A. 78-77 gave boards power to borrow temporarily in anticipation of payments to be received; P.A. 78-295 substituted "member" for "participating" boards, declared boards to be corporate bodies, permitted acceptance of private funds, permitted purchase etc. of personal as well as real property and deleted reference to eligibility for direct reimbursement; P.A. 80-154 deleted provision concerning supply of programs, services etc. to nonpublic schools within center's geographical area; P.A. 87-460 provided that a regional educational service center be a body politic and that its board be acting on behalf of the state, added new Subsecs. (b) to (d), inclusive, re the power to issue bonds, notes or other obligations and designated Subsec. (a) accordingly and made a technical change; P.A. 95-259 amended Subsec. (b) to expand the reasons for which a service center may borrow or issue bonds and to add in Subdiv. (1) "assets, programs or other functions" and added Subsecs. (e) to (h), inclusive, effective July 6, 1995; May Sp. Sess. P.A. 04-2 added Subsec. (i) re applicability of the Uniform Commercial Code to security interests of the centers, effective May 12, 2004, and applicable to any pledge, lien or security interest of this state or any political subdivision of this state in existence on October 1, 2003, or created after that date.

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      Sec. 10-66d. Participation by boards of education and nonpublic schools. Each board of education and nonpublic school in the area served by a regional educational service center may determine the particular programs and services in which it wishes to participate in accordance with the purpose of this part.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 4.)

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      Sec. 10-66e. Payment of expenses. The necessary administrative and overhead expenditures as determined by the board of the regional educational service center shall be shared jointly by the participating boards of education. In addition any participating board of education and nonpublic school shall be required to pay a prorated share of the costs of any program or service to which it subscribes. Any commitment made by a participating board of education or nonpublic school with a board of a regional educational service center in accordance with any provision of this part shall constitute a valid obligation within its appropriated or other available funds.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 5.)

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      Sec. 10-66f. Participation in programs of other centers. Joint action by centers. No provision of this part shall limit a board of education from purchasing a program or service from another regional educational service center, provided such program or service is not available from the center of which such board is a member, or from otherwise entering into an agreement with another board or boards of education to secure such program or service jointly. Any two or more regional educational service centers may join together to provide certain programs or services upon approval by the boards of the regional educational service centers involved.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 6; P.A. 78-295, S. 3, 9.)

      History: P.A. 78-295 allowed boards to purchase program or service from centers in which they are not members only if program or service is unavailable from center in which they are members.

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      Sec. 10-66g. Budget and projected revenues statement. Annual audit. Each board of a regional educational service center shall submit a yearly budget and projected revenue statement to each member board of education and to the State Board of Education. The accounts and financial records of all boards of regional educational service centers shall be audited annually in the same manner as the accounts of local or regional boards of education and copies provided to each member board of education and to the State Board of Education.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 7; P.A. 78-218, S. 50; 78-295, S. 4, 9.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 substituted "local" for "town" boards of education; P.A. 78-295 substituted "member" for "participating" boards, "local" for "town" boards and required submission of budget and revenue statement to state board of education as well as to other member boards.

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      Sec. 10-66h. Annual evaluation of programs and services. The board of a regional educational service center shall annually, following the close of the school year, furnish to each member board of education and the State Board of Education an evaluation of the programs and services provided by the board of the regional educational service center. The State Board of Education shall evaluate not more than once every five years the programs and services provided by the board of each center for the purpose of its continued approval pursuant to section 10-66a.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 8; P.A. 78-295, S. 5, 9; P.A. 86-333, S. 4, 32; P.A. 93-353, S. 25, 52.)

      History: P.A. 78-295 substituted "member" for "participating" boards, required that evaluations be submitted to state board of education as well as other members and required state board to evaluate programs and services biennially; P.A. 86-333 substituted triennial for biennial evaluations of programs and services by the state board of education; P.A. 93-353 changed the time frame for evaluations from triennially to not more than once every five years, effective July 1, 1993.

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      Sec. 10-66i. Applicability of statutes. Receipt of payments. All state statutes concerning education, including provisions for eligibility for state aid and the payment of grants in accordance with the provisions of sections 10-283, 10-286d, 10-287, 10-288, 10-292d and 10-292l with respect to bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center to finance building projects approved by the Commissioner of Education, shall apply to the operation of regional educational service centers. Notwithstanding the provisions of any other section of the general statutes, the board of a center shall be eligible to receive direct payment pursuant to the provisions of section 10-76g.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 9; P.A. 78-218, S. 51; 78-295, S. 6, 9; P.A. 79-128, S. 18, 36; P.A. 88-360, S. 5, 63; P.A. 97-265, S. 74, 98.)

      History: P.A. 78-218 deleted words "town or regional" describing boards of education; P.A. 78-295 deleted former provision empowering board to receive prior payments and reimbursement funds if authorized to do so by participants and added provision for eligibility to receive direct reimbursement pursuant to Sec. 10-76g; P.A. 79-128 substituted "payment" for "reimbursement"; P.A. 88-360 added references to the payment of grants pursuant to Secs. 10-286d, 10-287h and 10-288 with respect to bonds, notes or other obligations issued by a regional educational service center to finance building projects; P.A. 97-265 substituted references to Secs. 10-283, 10-287, 10-292d and 10-292l for reference to Sec. 10-287h, effective June 26, 1997.

      Cited. 187 C. 187, 190. Cited. 195 C. 24, 26, 27, 29, 31, 34, 35, 38.

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      Sec. 10-66j. Regulations. Annual grants, proportional reduction. Requirement for use of part of grant. Support of regional efforts to recruit and retain minority educators and support of collection and analysis of data on reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation. (a) The State Board of Education shall encourage the formation of a state-wide system of regional educational service centers and shall adopt regulations with respect to standards for review and approval of regional education service centers in accordance with sections 10-66a and 10-66h.

      (b) Each regional educational service center shall receive an annual grant equal to the sum of the following:

      (1) An amount equal to fifty per cent of the total amount appropriated for purposes of this section divided by six;

      (2) An amount equal to twenty-five per cent of such appropriation multiplied by the ratio of the number of its member boards of education to the total number of member boards of education state-wide; and

      (3) An amount equal to twenty-five per cent of such appropriation multiplied by the ratio of the sum of state aid pursuant to section 10-262h for all of its member boards of education to the total amount of state aid pursuant to section 10-262h state-wide.

      (c) Each regional educational service center shall annually expend at least six and one-quarter per cent of the amount received pursuant to this section to assist local and regional boards of education implementing the educational goals and objectives specifically identified by the State Board of Education.

      (d) Within the available appropriation, no regional educational service center shall receive less aid pursuant to subsection (b) of this section than it received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999. Amounts determined for regional educational service centers pursuant to subsection (b) of this section in excess of the amounts received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999, shall be reduced proportionately to implement such provision if necessary.

      (e) Each regional educational service center shall support regional efforts to recruit and retain minority educators and to support the collection and analysis of data on school district efforts to reduce racial, ethnic and economic isolation.

      (f) Notwithstanding the provisions of this section, for the fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, the amount of grants payable to regional educational service centers shall be reduced proportionately if the total of such grants in such year exceeds the amount appropriated for such grants for such year.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 10; P.A. 78-295, S. 7, 9; P.A. 83-554, S. 1, 2; P.A. 84-475, S. 1, 3; P.A. 85-377, S. 1, 13; 85-520, S. 1, 3; P.A. 86-301, S. 1, 2; P.A. 87-327, S. 1, 2; P.A. 88-358, S. 6, 9; P.A. 89-124, S. 1, 13; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 91-7, S. 3, 22; P.A. 95-226, S. 8, 30; P.A. 96-244, S. 8, 63; P.A. 00-187, S. 68, 75; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 31, 54; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6, S. 12; P.A. 04-26, S. 2.)

      History: P.A. 78-295 made reference to state-wide system, required state board to adopt resolutions for review and approval of centers and added Subsecs. (b) and (c) re appropriations and disbursement of surplus appropriations; P.A. 83-554 amended Subsec. (b) allowing, for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1984, for a grant payment of fifty-six thousand dollars and amended Subsec. (c) directing that any funds appropriated in excess of three hundred twenty-five thousand dollars be expended in implementing educational goals and objectives identified by the state board of education; P.A. 84-475 added new Subsec. (d) re competitive state grants to encourage innovative or exemplary programs; P.A. 85-377 substituted commissioner of education for state board in Subsec. (d); P.A. 85-520 increased amount of annual grant from fifty to seventy thousand dollars and eliminated former Subsec. (d) re competitive grants for innovative or exemplary programs; P.A. 86-301 amended Subsec. (b) to increase grant amount from seventy thousand to seventy-five thousand dollars; P.A. 87-327 amended Subsec. (b) to increase grant amount from seventy-five to eighty-five thousand dollars; P.A. 88-358 added new Subsec. (d) re listing of grants to regional educational service centers; P.A. 89-124 amended Subsec. (c) to substitute state aid pursuant to Sec. 10-262h for proportionate shares as determined in accordance with Sec. 10-262c which was repealed by Sec. 8 of public act 88-358 and made technical changes; June Sp. Sess. 91-7 amended Subsec. (d) to change the amount of the grants; P.A. 95-226 amended Subsec. (d) to authorize grant to RESCUE, effective July 1, 1995; P.A. 96-244 substituted "EDUCATION CONNECTION" for "RESCUE" in Subsec. (d), effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 00-187 replaced former Subsecs. (b), (c) and (d) that specified amounts for grants to each center with the formula in new Subsec. (b), added new Subsec. (c) re requirement for the expenditure of specified percentage of the amount received, and added new Subsec. (d) to provide that within available appropriations no center receive less aid under the formula than it received for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1999, and to provide a method for proportionately reducing grants if necessary, effective July 1, 2000; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 added Subsec. (e) re support of minority educator recruitment and data collection and analysis, effective July 1, 2001; June 30 Sp. Sess. P.A. 03-6 added new Subsec., designated Subsec. (f) by the Revisors, re proportional reduction of grants for fiscal years ending June 30, 2004, and June 30, 2005, effective August 20, 2003; P.A. 04-26 made a technical change in Subsec. (f), effective April 28, 2004.

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      Sec. 10-66k. Revocation of participation; effect on pledge for security of bonds. Existence of center and repayment of obligations. (a) Any participating member of a board of a regional educational service center may revoke such participation by giving notice to such board of its intention to terminate its participation at least six months prior to the start of the fiscal year beginning July first.

      (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this section and section 10-66a, no withdrawal or termination of participation by any member board of education shall affect any pledge, agreement, assignment or mortgage of any income, revenue, proceeds or property of a regional educational service center made for the benefit or security of any bonds, notes or other obligations or any repayment obligations under any credit or liquidity facility provided pursuant to this chapter.

      (c) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes, no regional educational service center shall cease to exist until such time as payment or provision for payment of all such center's outstanding bonds, notes or other obligations, including any outstanding repayment obligations under any credit or liquidity facility, is made.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 11; P.A. 95-259, S. 30, 32.)

      History: P.A. 95-259 made the existing section Subsec. (a) and added Subsec. (b) re withdrawal or termination of participation and Subsec. (c) re limitation on when service center can cease to exist, effective July 6, 1995.

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      Sec. 10-66l. Boards of education may join center within or outside area. Boards of education within an area may join any regional educational service center established therein. Boards of education outside the area in which the center is located may join the center upon approval of a majority of the boards which are members of the center at the time the application to join is filed with the center.

      (1972, P.A. 117, S. 12.)

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      Sec. 10-66m. Other cooperative agreements not affected. No provisions of sections 10-66a to 10-66l, inclusive, shall be construed to affect cooperative arrangements by boards of education under section 10-76e or section 10-158a.

      (P.A. 78-295, S. 8, 9.)

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      Sec. 10-66n. Grants for identifying and disseminating information re exemplary classroom projects. (a) The Department of Education shall establish a grant program in each fiscal year in which funds are appropriated to identify and disseminate information regarding exemplary classroom projects.

      (b) Regional educational service centers may apply for grants under this section at such time and on such forms as the Commissioner of Education prescribes. The grants shall be used to identify exemplary classroom projects in the local and regional schools within their respective districts and disseminate information state-wide regarding the identified projects.

      (c) Within the availability of funds, the amount to which each regional educational service center shall be entitled in each fiscal year shall be determined by multiplying the total amount appropriated for such fiscal year by the ratio of the number of full-time equivalent staff members, certified pursuant to section 10-145, in each region, to the total number of such certified staff members in the state. If the commissioner finds that any such grant is being used for purposes which are not in conformity with the purposes of this section, the commissioner may require repayment of the grant to the state.

      (d) Each regional educational service center shall prepare a financial statement of expenditures and an annual project report. The report shall describe project activities and the degree to which the project met its goals and objectives. Such financial statements and reports shall be submitted to the department on or before September first of the fiscal year immediately following each fiscal year in which the regional educational service center participates in the grant program. Not later than January 15, 1989, the State Board of Education shall report to the committee of the General Assembly having cognizance of matters relating to education concerning the operation and effectiveness of the programs funded under this section.

      (May Sp. Sess. P.A. 86-1, S. 34, 58; P.A. 03-76, S. 6.)

      History: P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (a), effective June 3, 2003.

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      Secs. 10-66o to 10-66z. Reserved for future use.

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PART IVb
CHARTER SCHOOLS

      Sec. 10-66aa. Charter schools: Definitions. As used in sections 10-66aa to 10-66ff, inclusive, and section 10-66hh:

      (1) "Charter school" means a public, nonsectarian school which is (A) established under a charter granted pursuant to section 10-66bb, (B) organized as a nonprofit entity under state law, (C) a public agency for purposes of the Freedom of Information Act, as defined in section 1-200, and (D) operated independently of any local or regional board of education in accordance with the terms of its charter and the provisions of sections 10-66aa to 10-66ff, inclusive, provided no member or employee of a governing council of a charter school shall have a personal or financial interest in the assets, real or personal, of the school;

      (2) "Local charter school" means a public school or part of a public school that is converted into a charter school and is approved by the local or regional board of education of the school district in which it is located and by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (e) of section 10-66bb; and

      (3) "State charter school" means a new public school approved by the State Board of Education pursuant to subsection (f) of section 10-66bb.

      (P.A. 96-214, S. 1; P.A. 97-47, S. 29; P.A. 99-289, S. 4, 11; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1, S. 26, 54.)

      History: P.A. 97-47 amended Subdiv. (1) by substituting reference to the Freedom of Information Act for reference to Ch. 3; P.A. 99-289 amended Subdiv. (1) to add prohibition against member or employee having a personal or financial interest in the assets of the school, effective July 1, 1999; June Sp. Sess. P.A. 01-1 applied definitions to Sec. 10-66hh, effective July 1, 2001.

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      Sec. 10-66bb. Application process and requirements. Charter renewal. Probation. Revocation. (a) On and after July 1, 1997, the State Board of Education may grant, within available appropriations, charters for local and state charter schools in accordance with this section.

      (b) Any person, association, corporation, organization or other entity, public or independent institution of higher education, local or regional board of education or two or more boards of education cooperatively, or regional educational service center may apply to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as the commissioner prescribes, to establish a charter school, provided no nonpublic elementary or secondary school may be established as a charter school and no parent or group of parents providing home instruction may establish a charter school for such instruction.

      (c) The State Board of Education shall review, annually, all applications and grant charters, provided for the period from July 1, 1997, to June 30, 1999, no more than twenty-four charters for charter schools are granted and, on and after July 1, 1999, no state charter school enrolls (1) (A) more than two hundred fifty students or (B) in the case of a kindergarten to grade eight, inclusive, school, more than three hundred students, or (2) twenty-five per cent of the enrollment of the school district in which the state charter school is to be located, whichever is less. The State Board of Education shall give preference to applicants for charter schools that will serve students who reside in a priority school district pursuant to section 10-266p or in a district in which seventy-five per cent or more of the enrolled students are members of racial or ethnic minorities and to applicants for state charter schools that will be located at a work-site or that are institutions of higher education. In determining whether to grant a charter, the State Board of Education shall consider the effect of the proposed charter school on the reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the region in which it is to be located, the regional distribution of charter schools in the state and the potential of over concentration of charter schools within a school district or in contiguous school districts.

      (d) Applications pursuant to this section shall include a description of: (1) The mission, purpose and any specialized focus of the proposed charter school; (2) the interest in the community for the establishment of the charter school; (3) the school governance and procedures for the establishment of a governing council that (A) includes teachers and parents and guardians of students enrolled in the school, and (B) is responsible for the oversight of charter school operations, provided no member or employee of the governing council may have a personal or financial interest in the assets, real or personal, of the school; (4) the financial plan for operation of the school, provided no application fees or other fees for attendance, except as provided in section 10-66ee, may be charged; (5) the educational program, instructional methodology and services to be offered to students; (6) the number and qualifications of teachers and administrators to be employed in the school; (7) the organization of the school in terms of the ages or grades to be taught and the total estimated enrollment of the school; (8) the student admission criteria and procedures to (A) ensure effective public information, (B) ensure open access on a space available basis, (C) promote a diverse student body, and (D) ensure that the school complies with the provisions of section 10-15c and that it does not discriminate on the basis of disability, athletic performance or proficiency in the English language, provided the school may limit enrollment to a particular grade level or specialized educational focus and, if there is not space available for all students seeking enrollment, the school may give preference to siblings but shall otherwise determine enrollment by a lottery; (9) a means to assess student performance that includes participation in state-wide mastery examinations pursuant to chapter 163c; (10) procedures for teacher evaluation and professional development for teachers and administrators; (11) the provision of school facilities, pupil transportation and student health and welfare services; (12) procedures to encourage involvement by parents and guardians of enrolled students in student learning, school activities and school decision-making; (13) document efforts to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of staff; and (14) a five-year plan to sustain the maintenance and operation of the school. Subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of section 10-66dd, an application may include, or a charter school may file, requests to waive provisions of the general statutes and regulations not required by sections 10-66aa to 10-66ff, inclusive, and which are within the jurisdiction of the State Board of Education.

      (e) An application for the establishment of a local charter school shall be submitted to the local or regional board of education of the school district in which the local charter school is to be located for approval pursuant to this subsection. The local or regional board of education shall: (1) Review the application; (2) hold a public hearing in the school district on such application; (3) survey teachers and parents in the school district to determine if there is sufficient interest in the establishment and operation of the local charter school; and (4) vote on a complete application not later than sixty days after the date of receipt of such application. Such board of education may approve the application by a majority vote of the members of the board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the board called for such purpose. If the application is approved, the board shall forward the application to the State Board of Education. The State Board of Education shall vote on the application not later than seventy-five days after the date of receipt of such application. Subject to the provisions of subsection (c) of this section, the State Board of Education may approve the application and grant the charter for the local charter school or reject such application by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. The State Board of Education may condition the opening of such school on the school's meeting certain conditions determined by the Commissioner of Education to be necessary and may authorize the commissioner to release the charter when the commissioner determines such conditions are met. The state board may grant the charter for the local charter school for a period of time of up to five years and may allow the applicant to delay its opening for a period of up to one school year in order for the applicant to fully prepare to provide appropriate instructional services.

      (f) An application for the establishment of a state charter school shall be (1) submitted to the State Board of Education for approval in accordance with the provisions of this subsection, and (2) filed with the local or regional board of education in the school district in which the charter school is to be located. The state board shall: (A) Review such application; (B) hold a public hearing on such application in the school district in which such state charter school is to be located; (C) solicit and review comments on the application from the local or regional board of education for the school district in which such charter school is to be located and from the local or regional boards of education for school districts that are contiguous to the district in which such school is to be located; and (D) vote on a complete application not later than seventy-five days after the date of receipt of such application. The State Board of Education may approve an application and grant the charter for the state charter school by a majority vote of the members of the state board present and voting at a regular or special meeting of the state board called for such purpose. The State Board of Education may condition the opening of such school on the school's meeting certain conditions determined by the Commissioner of Education to be necessary and may authorize the commissioner to release the charter when the commissioner determines such conditions are met. Charters shall be granted for a period of time of up to five years and may allow the applicant to delay its opening for a period of up to one school year in order for the applicant to fully prepare to provide appropriate instructional services.

      (g) Charters may be renewed, upon application, in accordance with the provisions of this section for the granting of such charters. Upon application for such renewal, the State Board of Education may commission an independent appraisal of the performance of the charter school that includes, but is not limited to, an evaluation of the school's compliance with the provisions of this section. The State Board of Education shall consider the results of any such appraisal in determining whether to renew such charter. The State Board of Education may deny an application for the renewal of a charter if (1) student progress has not been sufficiently demonstrated, as determined by the commissioner, (2) the governing council has not been sufficiently responsible for the operation of the school or has misused or spent public funds in a manner that is detrimental to the educational interests of the students attending the charter school, or (3) the school has not been in compliance with applicable laws and regulations. If the State Board of Education does not renew a charter, it shall notify the governing council of the charter school of the reasons for such nonrenewal.

      (h) The Commissioner of Education may at any time place a charter school on probation if (1) the school has failed to (A) adequately demonstrate student progress, as determined by the commissioner, (B) comply with the terms of its charter or with applicable laws and regulations, (C) achieve measurable progress in reducing racial, ethnic and economic isolation, or (D) maintain its nonsectarian status, or (2) the governing council has demonstrated an inability to provide effective leadership to oversee the operation of the charter school or has not ensured that public funds are expended prudently or in a manner required by law. If a charter school is placed on probation, the commissioner shall provide written notice to the charter school of the reasons for such placement, not later than five days after the placement, and shall require the charter school to file with the Department of Education a corrective action plan acceptable to the commissioner not later than thirty-five days from the date of such placement. The charter school shall implement a corrective action plan accepted by the commissioner not later than thirty days after the date of such acceptance. The commissioner may impose any additional terms of probation on the school that the commissioner deems necessary to protect the educational or financial interests of the state. The charter school shall comply with any such additional terms not later than thirty days after the date of their imposition. The commissioner shall determine the length of time of the probationary period, which may be up to one year, provided the commissioner may extend such period, for up to one additional year, if the commissioner deems it necessary. In the event that the charter school does not file or implement the corrective action plan within the required time period or does not comply with any additional terms within the required time period, the Commissioner of Education may withhold grant funds from the school until the plan is fully implemented or the school complies with the terms of probation, provided the commissioner may extend the time period for such implementation and compliance for good cause shown. Whenever a charter school is placed on probation, the commissioner shall notify the parents or guardians of students attending the school of the probationary status of the school and the reasons for such status. During the term of probation, the commissioner may require the school to file interim reports concerning any matter the commissioner deems relevant to the probationary status of the school, including financial reports or statements. No charter school on probation may increase its student enrollment or engage in the recruitment of new students without the consent of the commissioner.

      (i) The State Board of Education may revoke a charter if a charter school has failed to: (1) Comply with the terms of probation, including the failure to file or implement a corrective action plan; (2) demonstrate satisfactory student progress, as determined by the commissioner; (3) comply with the terms of its charter or applicable laws and regulations; or (4) manage its public funds in a prudent or legal manner. Unless an emergency exists, prior to revoking a charter, the State Board of Education shall provide the governing council of the charter school with a written notice of the reasons for the revocation, including the identification of specific incidents of noncompliance with the law, regulation or charter or other matters warranting revocation of the charter. It shall also provide the governing council with the opportunity to demonstrate compliance with all requirements for the retention of its charter by providing the State Board of Education or a subcommittee of the board, as determined by the State Board of Education, with a written or oral presentation. Such presentation shall include an opportunity for the governing council to present documentary and testimonial evidence to refute the facts cited by the State Board of Education for the proposed revocation or in justification of its activities. Such opportunity shall not constitute a contested case within the meaning of chapter 54. The State Board of Education shall determine, not later than thirty days after the date of an oral presentation or receipt of a written presentation, whether and when the charter shall be revoked and notify the governing council of the decision and the reasons therefor. A decision to revoke a charter shall not constitute a final decision for purposes of chapter 54. In the event an emergency exists in which the commissioner finds that there is imminent harm to the students attending a charter school, the State Board of Education may immediately revoke the charter of the school, provided the notice concerning the reasons for the revocation is sent to the governing council not later than ten days after the date of revocation and the governing council is provided an opportunity to make a presentation to the board not later than twenty days from the date of such notice.

      (P.A. 96-214, S. 2; P.A. 97-290, S. 7, 29; P.A. 98-252, S. 6, 80; P.A. 99-289, S. 5, 11; P.A. 00-220, S. 5, 43; P.A. 03-76, S. 7.)

      History: P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (c) to change the limit on the number of charter schools from twelve local and twelve state to twenty-four charter schools generally, to remove a limit on the total student population of all state charter schools, to remove restrictions on the number of charter schools that operate in Congressional districts and in a school district at any one time and to substitute requirement for consideration of regional distribution of charter schools in the state and the over concentration of charter schools within a school district in determining whether to grant a charter, to add preferences for a district in which seventy-five per cent or more of the enrolled students are members of racial or ethnic minorities and for state charter schools located at a work-site and to require consideration of the effect of the proposed charter school on the reduction of racial, ethnic and economic isolation in the region in which it is to be located in determining whether to grant a charter, and amended Subsec. (d) to add requirement to document efforts to increase racial and ethnic diversity as new Subdiv. (13) and redesignate existing Subdiv. (13) as Subdiv. (14), and made technical changes, effective July 1, 1997; P.A. 98-252 amended Subsec. (d) to make a technical change in Subpara. (D) of Subdiv. (8), effective July 1, 1998; P.A. 99-289 amended Subsec. (c) to limit the restriction for state charter schools to "on and after July 1, 1999" and to add restriction pertaining to kindergarten to grade eight school, amended Subsec. (d) to specify that the governing council be responsible for oversight of charter school operations and that no member or employee have a personal or financial interest in the assets of the school, amended Subsecs. (e) and (f) to allow the State Board of Education to condition the opening of the school, to authorize the state board to allow the applicant to delay the opening and to make technical changes, amended Subsec. (g) to add the provisions relating to the independent appraisal and the reasons for denial of application for renewal, amended Subsec. (h) to expand the reasons for placing a school on probation, specify the notice requirements in such cases, add provisions relating to corrective action plans, additional terms and interim reports and added Subsec. (i) re revocation, effective July 1, 1999; P.A. 00-220 amended Subsec. (i) to make a technical change, effective July 1, 2000; P.A. 03-76 made a technical change in Subsec. (h), effective June 3, 2003.

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      Sec. 10-66cc. School profile. Report. (a) The governing council of a charter school shall submit annually, to the Commissioner of Education, a school profile as described in subsection (c) of section 10-220.

      (b) The governing council of each charter school shall submit annually, to the Commissioner of Education, at such time and in such manner as he prescribes, and, in the case of a local charter school, to the local or regional board of education for the school district in which the school is located, a report on the condition of the school, including (1) the educational progress of students in the school, (2) the financial condition of the school, including a certified audit statement of all revenues and expenditures, (3) accomplishment of the mission, purpose and any specialized focus of the charter school, and (4) the racial and ethnic composition of the student body and efforts taken to increase the racial and ethnic diversity of the student body.

      (P.A. 96-214, S. 3; P.A. 97-290, S. 8, 29.)

      History: P.A. 97-290 amended Subsec. (b) to add Subdiv. (4) re racial and ethnic composition, effective July 1, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-66dd. School professionals employed in charter schools. Charter schools subject to laws governing public schools; exceptions; waivers. (a) For purposes of this section, "school professional" means any school teacher, administrator or other personnel certified by the State Board of Education pursuant to section 10-145b.

      (b) (1) Subject to the provisions of this subsection and except as may be waived pursuant to subsection (d) of section 10-66bb, charter schools shall be subject to all federal and state laws governing public schools.

      (2) At least one-half of the persons providing instruction or pupil services in a charter school shall possess the proper certificate other than (A) a certificate issued pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of section 10-145b, or (B) a temporary certificate issued pursuant to subsection (c) of section 10-145f on the day the school begins operation and the remaining persons shall possess a certificate issued pursuant to said subdivision (1) or such temporary certificate on such day.

      (3) The commissioner may not waive the provisions of chapters 163c and 169 and sections 10-15c, 10-153a to 10-153g, inclusive, 10-153i, 10-153j, 10-153m and 10-292.

      (4) The state charter school governing council shall act as a board of education for purposes of collective bargaining. The school professionals employed by a local charter school shall be members of the appropriate bargaining unit for the local or regional school district in which the local charter school is located and shall be subject to the same collective bargaining agreement as the school professionals employed by said district. A majority of those employed or to be employed in the local charter school and a majority of the members of the governing council of the local charter school may modify, in writing, such collective bargaining agreement, consistent with the terms and conditions of the approved charter, for purposes of employment in the charter school.

      (c) School professionals employed by a local or regional board of education shall be entitled to a two-year leave of absence, without compensation, in order to be employed in a charter school provided such leave shall be extended upon request for an additional two years. At any time during or upon the completion of such a leave of absence, a school professional may return to work in the school district in the position in which he was previously employed or a comparable position. Such leave of absence shall not be deemed to be an interruption of service for purposes of seniority and teachers' retirement, except that time may not be accrued for purposes of attaining tenure. A school professional who is not on such a leave of absence and is employed for forty school months of full-time continuous employment by the charter school and is subsequently employed by a local or regional board of education shall attain tenure after the completion of twenty school months of full-time continuous employment by such board of education in accordance with section 10-151.

      (d) An otherwise qualified school professional employed in a charter school may participate in the state teacher retirement system under chapter 167a on the same basis as if such professional were employed by a local or regional board of education. The governing council of a charter school shall make the contributions, as defined in subdivision (7) of section 10-183b for such professional.

      (P.A. 96-214, S. 4; 96-244, S. 56, 63; P.A. 97-247, S. 14, 27.)

      History: P.A. 96-244 amended Subsec. (c) to remove provision that a leave of absence not be deemed an interruption of service for "any purpose of employment" and substituted "teacher's retirement" for "employee benefits", effective July 1, 1996; P.A. 97-247 made technical changes in Subsec. (b), effective July 1, 1997.

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      Sec. 10-66ee. Charter school funding. Special education students. Transportation. Contracts. (a) For the purposes of education equalization aid under section 10-262h a student enrolled (1) in a local charter school shall be considered a student enrolled in the school district in which such student resides, and (2) in a state charter school shall not be considered a student enrolled in the school district in which such student resides.

      (b) The local board of education of the school district in which a student enrolled in a local charter school resides shall pay, annually, in accordance with its charter, to the fiscal authority for the charter school for each such student the amount specified in its charter, including the reasonable special education costs of students requiring special education. The board of education shall be eligible for reimbursement for such special education costs pursuant to section 10-76g.

      (c) (1) The state shall, annually, pay in accordance with this subsection, to the fiscal authority for a state charter school, seven thousand two hundred fifty dollars for each student enrolled in such school. Such payments shall be made as follows: Twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than July fifteenth and September fifteenth based on estimated student enrollment on May first, and twenty-five per cent of the amount not later than January fifteenth and the remaining amount not later than April fifteenth, each based on student enrollment on October first. If, for any fiscal year, the total amount appropriated for grants pursuant to this subdivision exceeds seven thousand two hundred fifty dollars per student, the amount of such grants payable per student shall be increased proportionately. For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2005, such increase shall be limited to one hundred ten dollars per student. (2) In the case of a student identified as requiring special education, the school district in which the student resides shall: (A) Hold the planning and placement team meeting for such student and shall invite representatives from the charter school to participate in such meeting; and (B) pay the state charter school, on a quarterly basis, an amount equal to the difference between the reasonable cost of educating such student and the sum of the amount received by the state charter school for such student pursuant to subdivision (1) of this subsection and amounts received from other state, federal, local or private sources calculated on a per pupil basis. Such school district shall be eligible for reimbursement pursuant to section 10-76g. The charter school a student requiring special education attends shall be responsible for ensuring that such student receives the services mandated by the student's individualized education program whether such services are provided by the charter school or by the school district in which the student resides.

      (d) On or before October fifteenth of the fiscal years beginning July 1, 2001, and July 1, 2002, the Commissioner of Education shall determine if the enrollment in the program for the fiscal year is below the number of students for which funds were appropriated. If the commissioner determines that the enrollment is below such number, the additional funds shall not lapse but shall be used by the commissioner for (1) grants for interdistrict cooperative programs pursuant to section 10-74d, (2) grants for open choice programs pursuant to section 10-266aa, or (3) grants for interdistrict magnet schools pursuant to section 10-264l.

      (e) Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, if at the end of a fiscal year amounts received by a state charter school, pursuant to subdivision (1) of subsection (c) of this section, are unexpended, the charter school (1) may use, for the expenses of the charter school for the following fiscal year, up to ten per cent of such amounts, and (2) may (A) create a reserve fund to finance a specific capital or equipment purchase or another specified project as may be approved by the commissioner, and (B) deposit into such fund up to five per cent of such amounts.

      (f) The local or regional board of education of the school district in which the charter school is located shall provide transportation services for students of the charter school who reside in such school district pursuant to section 10-273a unless the charter school makes other arrangements for such transportation. Any local or regional board of education may provide transportation services to a student attending a charter school outside of the district in which the student resides and, if it elects to provide such transportation, shall be reimbursed pursuant to section 10-266m for the reasonable costs of such transportation. Any local or regional board of education providing transportation services under this subsection may suspend such services in accordance with the provisions of section 10-233c. The parent or guardian of any student denied the transportation services required to be provided pursuant to this subsection may appeal such denial in the manner provided in sections 10-186 and 10-187.

      (g) Charter schools shall be eligible to the same extent as boards of education for any grant for special education, competitive state grants and grants pursuant to sections 10-17g and 10-266w.

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