Table of Contents Sec. 52-278a. Definitions. The following terms, as used in sections 52-278a to 52-
278g, inclusive, shall have the following meanings, unless a different meaning is clearly
indicated from the context: Sec. 52-278b. Availability of prejudgment remedy. Notwithstanding any provision of the general statutes to the contrary, no prejudgment remedy shall be available
to a person in any action at law or equity (1) unless he has complied with the provisions of
sections 52-278a to 52-278g, inclusive, except an action upon a commercial transaction
wherein the defendant has executed a waiver as provided in section 52-278f, or (2) for
the garnishment of earnings as defined in subdivision (5) of section 52-350a. To the Superior Court for the judicial district of .... Name of Applicant The above application having been presented to the court, it is hereby ordered, that
a hearing be held thereon on .... at .... a.m. and that the plaintiff give notice to the defendant
in accordance with section 52-278c of the general statutes of the pendency of the application and of the time when it will be heard by causing a true and attested copy of the
application, the proposed unsigned writ, summons, complaint, affidavit and of this order,
together with such notice as is required under subsection (e) of section 52-278c, to be
served upon the defendant by some proper officer or indifferent person on or before ....,
and that due return of service be made to this court. Clerk of the Court To a state marshal of the county of ...., or either constable of the town of ...., in said
county, Greeting: Commissioner of the Superior Court (c) The clerk upon receipt of all such documents in duplicate, if he finds them to
be in proper form, shall fix a date for the hearing on the application and sign the order
of hearing and notice except that if the application includes a request for a temporary
restraining order, the court or a judge of the court shall act on the application for the
temporary restraining order, fix a date for the hearing on the prejudgment remedy and
sign the order of hearing and notice. The entry fee shall be then collected and the duplicate
original document shall be placed in the court file. Sec. 52-278d. Hearing on prejudgment remedy application. Determination by
the court. Service of process. Stay of order. Posting of bond by plaintiff. (a) The
defendant shall have the right to appear and be heard at the hearing. The hearing shall
be limited to a determination of (1) whether or not there is probable cause that a judgment
in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the amount
of the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any defenses, counterclaims or
set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff, (2) whether payment
of any judgment that may be rendered against the defendant is adequately secured by
insurance, (3) whether the property sought to be subjected to the prejudgment remedy is
exempt from execution, and (4) if the court finds that the application for the prejudgment
remedy should be granted, whether the plaintiff should be required to post a bond to
secure the defendant against damages that may result from the prejudgment remedy or
whether the defendant should be allowed to substitute a bond for the prejudgment remedy. If the court, upon consideration of the facts before it and taking into account any
defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, claims of exemption and claims of adequate insurance, finds that the plaintiff has shown probable cause that such a judgment will be
rendered in the matter in the plaintiff's favor in the amount of the prejudgment remedy
sought and finds that a prejudgment remedy securing the judgment should be granted,
the prejudgment remedy applied for shall be granted as requested or as modified by the
court. The court shall not grant the prejudgment remedy if the prejudgment remedy or
application for such prejudgment remedy was dismissed or withdrawn pursuant to the
provisions of section 52-278j. Sec. 52-278e. Allowance of prejudgment remedy without hearing. Notice to
defendant. Claim form. Subsequent hearing and order. Attachment of real property of municipal officers. (a) The court or a judge of the court may allow the prejudgment remedy to be issued by an attorney without hearing as provided in sections 52-
278c and 52-278d upon the filing of an affidavit sworn to by the plaintiff or any competent affiant setting forth a statement of facts sufficient to show that there is probable
cause that a judgment in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount
greater than the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any
known defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the
plaintiff and that there is reasonable likelihood that the defendant (1) has hidden or will
hide himself so that process cannot be served on him or (2) is about to remove himself
or his property from this state or (3) is about to fraudulently dispose of or has fraudulently
disposed of any of his property with intent to hinder, delay or defraud his creditors or
(4) has fraudulently hidden or withheld money, property or effects which should be
liable to the satisfaction of his debts. Sec. 52-278f. Issuance of prejudgment remedy when defendant in commercial
transaction has waived notice and hearing. In an action upon a commercial transaction, as defined in section 52-278a, wherein the defendant has waived his right to a
notice and hearing under sections 52-278a to 52-278g, inclusive, the attorney for the
plaintiff shall issue the writ for a prejudgment remedy without securing a court order
provided that (1) the complaint shall set forth a copy of the waiver; (2) the plaintiff shall
file an affidavit sworn to by the plaintiff or any competent affiant setting forth a statement
of facts sufficient to show that there is probable cause that a judgment in the amount
of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the amount of the
prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims
or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff; and (3) the plaintiff
shall include in the process served on the defendant a notice satisfying the requirements
of subsections (b) and (c) of section 52-278e. Sec. 52-278g. Motion to preserve existing prejudgment remedies. A plaintiff
who has secured a prejudgment remedy prior to May 30, 1973, may make a motion to
the court in which such action is pending for a hearing as set forth in section 52-278d
with notice thereof to the defendant or his attorney. If the court, upon consideration of
the facts before it, finds that the plaintiff has shown probable cause to sustain the validity
of his claim, such prejudgment remedy secured shall be effective from the date of such
hearing and an order to that effect shall be issued by the court. Any such prejudgment
remedy which is not perfected on or before October 1, 1977, shall be void and of no
effect. Sec. 52-278h. Application for prejudgment remedy filed by the plaintiff. The
provisions of this chapter shall apply to any application for prejudgment remedy filed
by the plaintiff at any time after the institution of the action, and the forms and procedures
provided therein shall be adapted accordingly. Sec. 52-278i. (Formerly Sec. 52-282). Order for prejudgment remedy on set-
off or counterclaim. Any defendant in any civil action, upon filing a set-off or counterclaim containing a claim for money damages, may, at any time during the pendency of
such action, apply in writing to the court before which such action is pending, or, when
such court is not in session, to any judge thereof, for an order for a prejudgment remedy
against the estate of the party or parties against whom such claim has been made. Such
application shall be substantially in the form provided by subsection (b) of section 52-
278c, adapted accordingly. A hearing on such motion shall be held in accordance with
the provisions of section 52-278d, adapted accordingly, and if the court, upon consideration of the facts before it, finds that the defendant has shown probable cause to believe
that judgment will be rendered in the matter in favor of the defendant, then the prejudgment remedy applied for shall be granted as requested or as modified by the court and
the court shall issue such an order, directed to any proper officer, stating the amount
and estate to be attached and the time of return, which order shall be served and returned
in the same manner as an original writ of attachment, and when returned shall become
a part of the files and records in the action. The estate attached shall be held to respond
to the final judgment in the same manner as if it had been attached in an action originally
brought for the recovery of the amount claimed in such set-off or counterclaim. The
provisions of section 52-278e, except subdivision (1) of subsection (a) thereof, and
sections 52-278f and 52-278g, adapted accordingly, shall apply to any application for
a prejudgment remedy sought under this section. Sec. 52-278j. Dismissal or withdrawal of prejudgment remedy. (a) If an application for a prejudgment remedy is granted but the plaintiff, within thirty days thereof,
does not serve and return to court the writ, summons and complaint for which the prejudgment remedy was allowed, the court shall dismiss the prejudgment remedy. Sec. 52-278k. Modification of prejudgment remedy. The court may, upon any
application for prejudgment remedy under section 52-278c, 52-278e, 52-278h or 52-
278i, modify the prejudgment remedy requested as may be warranted by the circumstances. The court may, upon motion and after hearing, at any time modify or vacate
any prejudgment remedy granted or issued under this chapter upon the presentation of
evidence which would have justified such court in modifying or denying such prejudgment remedy under the standards applicable at an initial hearing. Sec. 52-278l. Appeal. (a) An order (1) granting or denying a prejudgment remedy
following a hearing under section 52-278d or (2) granting or denying a motion to dissolve
or modify a prejudgment remedy under section 52-278e or (3) granting or denying a
motion to preserve an existing prejudgment remedy under section 52-278g shall be
deemed a final judgment for purposes of appeal. Sec. 52-278m. When personal service not required. Whenever a prejudgment
remedy is sought under the provisions of sections 52-278h or 52-278i against a party
who has previously filed a general appearance in such action, personal service of any
application or order upon such party shall not be required, unless ordered by the court,
but any such application or order may be served in the same manner as any motion in
such action.
Sec. 52-278a. Definitions.
Sec. 52-278b. Availability of prejudgment remedy.
Sec. 52-278c. Documents required. Forms. Scheduling a hearing. Service on defendant. Notice and claim form. Request for hearing by defendant.
Sec. 52-278d. Hearing on prejudgment remedy application. Determination by the court. Service of process. Stay of order. Posting of bond by plaintiff.
Sec. 52-278e. Allowance of prejudgment remedy without hearing. Notice to defendant. Claim
form. Subsequent hearing and order. Attachment of real property of municipal officers.
Sec. 52-278f. Issuance of prejudgment remedy when defendant in commercial transaction has
waived notice and hearing.
Sec. 52-278g. Motion to preserve existing prejudgment remedies.
Sec. 52-278h. Application for prejudgment remedy filed by the plaintiff.
Sec. 52-278i. (Formerly Sec. 52-282). Order for prejudgment remedy on set-off or counterclaim.
Sec. 52-278j. Dismissal or withdrawal of prejudgment remedy.
Sec. 52-278k. Modification of prejudgment remedy.
Sec. 52-278l. Appeal.
Sec. 52-278m. When personal service not required.
Sec. 52-278n. Motion to disclose property. Order for disclosure. Substitution of surety.
(a) "Commercial transaction" means a transaction which is not a consumer transaction.
(b) "Consumer transaction" means a transaction in which a natural person obligates
himself to pay for goods sold or leased, services rendered or moneys loaned for personal,
family or household purposes.
(c) "Person" means and includes individuals, partnerships, associations, limited
liability companies and corporations.
(d) "Prejudgment remedy" means any remedy or combination of remedies that enables a person by way of attachment, foreign attachment, garnishment or replevin to
deprive the defendant in a civil action of, or affect the use, possession or enjoyment by
such defendant of, his property prior to final judgment but shall not include a temporary
restraining order.
(e) "Property" means any present or future interest in real or personal property,
goods, chattels or choses in action, whether such is vested or contingent.
(P.A. 73-431, S. 1, 8; 73-616, S. 65, 67; P.A. 86-403, S. 84, 132; P.A. 95-79, S. 176, 189.)
History: P.A. 73-616 made technical correction in original act; P.A. 86-403 made technical change in Subdiv. (b); P.A.
95-79 redefined "person" to include limited liability companies, effective May 31, 1995.
Cited. 176 C. 432, 434−436. Cited. 178 C. 393; 181 C. 524, 525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 196
C. 359, 363. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g cited. 208 C. 13, 19. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373. Cited. Id., 541, 552.
Cited. 4 CA 510, 511. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited. 19 CA 256, 260. Cited. 25 CA 28, 30.
Cited. 28 CA 809, 811, 818. Cited. 29 CA 48, 50. Cited. 32 CA 118, 128, 130. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Self-help repossession is not covered by the prejudgment remedies act. 31 CS 152. Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 222 C. 361, 370.
Cited. 5 CA 296, 300. Cited. 29 CA 48, 50.
Subsec. (c):
Cited. 32 CA 118, 128.
Subsec. (d):
Cited. 172 C. 577, 582. Cited. 178 C. 393, 398. Cited. 220 C. 904. Cited. 238 C. 172.
Cited. 6 CA 591, 595. Cited. 14 CA 579, 581, 582. May not be extended to include a temporary injunction so as to
permit an appeal of an injunction under Sec. 52-278l. 25 CA 28, 30, 31.
Meaning of "final judgment" discussed. Prejudgment remedy available to prevailing plaintiff while case on appeal. 35
CS 49, 50.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 73-431, S. 2, 8; P.A. 90-149, S. 2.)
History: P.A. 90-149 added Subdiv. (2) prohibiting the garnishment of earnings as a prejudgment remedy.
Cited. 176 C. 432, 434−436. Cited. 181 C. 524, 525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 88, 89. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 208 C. 13,
19. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g also cited. Id. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373. Cited. Id., 541, 552. Cited. 232 C. 216, 217,
219−223.
Cited. 1 CA 188, 191, 192. Cited. 4 CA 510, 511. Secs. 52-278a−52-578g cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited. 28 CA 809,
811, 818. Cited. 32 CA 118, 124, 128, 130. Cited. 33 CA 223, 227, 229. Cited. 34 CA 801, 804. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
Subdiv. (2):
Cited. 232 C. 216, 219.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
The undersigned represents:
1. That .... is about to commence an action against .... of .... (give name and address
of defendant) pursuant to the attached proposed unsigned Writ, Summons, Complaint
and Affidavit.
2. That there is probable cause that a judgment in the amount of the prejudgment
remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the amount of the prejudgment remedy
sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the applicant and that to secure the judgment the applicant
seeks an order from this court directing that the following prejudgment remedy be
granted to secure the sum of $ ....:
a. To attach sufficient property of the defendant to secure such sum:
b. To garnishee ...., as he is the agent, trustee, debtor of the defendant and has
concealed in his possession property of the defendant and is indebted to him.
c. (Other Type of Prejudgment Remedy Requested.)
By ....
His Attorney
Dated at Hartford this .... day of ...., 20...
By authority of the state of Connecticut, you are hereby commanded to serve a true and
attested copy of the above application, unsigned proposed writ, summons, complaint,
affidavit and order upon ...., of ...., by leaving the same in his hands or at his usual place
of abode on or before ....
Hereof fail not but due service and return make.
Dated at .... this .... day of .... 20...
(d) The clerk shall deliver to the applicant's attorney the original of the documents
for service. Service having been made, the original documents shall be returned to the
court with the endorsement by the officer of his actions.
(e) An application for a prejudgment remedy shall be accompanied by a notice
and claim form, in such form as may be prescribed by the Office of the Chief Court
Administrator, containing the following language: "YOU HAVE RIGHTS SPECIFIED
IN THE CONNECTICUT GENERAL STATUTES, INCLUDING CHAPTER 903a,
THAT YOU MAY WISH TO EXERCISE CONCERNING THIS APPLICATION FOR
A PREJUDGMENT REMEDY. THESE RIGHTS INCLUDE THE RIGHT TO A
HEARING: (1) TO OBJECT TO THE PROPOSED PREJUDGMENT REMEDY BECAUSE YOU HAVE A DEFENSE TO OR SET-OFF AGAINST THE ACTION OR
A COUNTERCLAIM AGAINST THE PLAINTIFF OR BECAUSE THE AMOUNT
SOUGHT IN THE APPLICATION FOR THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY IS UNREASONABLY HIGH OR BECAUSE PAYMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT THAT
MAY BE RENDERED AGAINST YOU IS COVERED BY ANY INSURANCE THAT
MAY BE AVAILABLE TO YOU; (2) TO REQUEST THAT THE PLAINTIFF POST
A BOND IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 52-278d OF THE GENERAL STATUTES TO SECURE YOU AGAINST ANY DAMAGES THAT MAY RESULT FROM
THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY; (3) TO REQUEST THAT YOU BE ALLOWED
TO SUBSTITUTE A BOND FOR THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY SOUGHT; AND
(4) TO SHOW THAT THE PROPERTY SOUGHT TO BE SUBJECTED TO THE
PREJUDGMENT REMEDY IS EXEMPT FROM SUCH A PREJUDGMENT
REMEDY."
(f) The notice and claim form required under subsection (e) of this section shall
contain (1) the name and address of any third person holding property of the defendant
who is to be made a garnishee by process preventing the dissipation of such property
and (2) a statement of the procedure set forth in subsection (g) of this section for contesting the application for a prejudgment remedy or for claiming an exemption.
(g) A defendant may request a hearing to contest the application for a prejudgment
remedy, assert any exemption or make a request concerning the posting or substitution
of a bond. The hearing may be requested by any proper motion or by return to the
Superior Court of a signed claim form that indicates, by the checking of the appropriate
box on the claim form, whether the claim is an assertion of a defense, counterclaim, set-
off or exemption, an assertion that any judgment that may be rendered is adequately
secured by insurance, an assertion that the amount sought in the application for the
prejudgment remedy is unreasonably high, a request that the plaintiff be required to post
a bond to secure the defendant against any damages that may result from the prejudgment
remedy or a request that the defendant be allowed to substitute a bond for the prejudgment remedy.
(P.A. 73-431, S. 3, 8; P.A. 81-410, S. 6; P.A. 83-587, S. 64, 96; P.A. 87-589, S. 14, 87; P.A. 90-230, S. 67, 101; P.A.
93-431, S. 1, 10; P.A. 00-99, S. 111, 154.)
History: P.A. 81-410 substituted "superior court for the judicial district of" for "court", "sufficient property of the
defendant to secure such sum" for "the following described real property of the defendant located in the town of" and
eliminated the description requirement; and substituted "possession property" for "hands the goods, effects and estate"
and "actions" for "doings"; P.A. 83-587 made a technical amendment to Subsec. (d); P.A. 87-589 made technical changes,
restoring text inadvertently omitted because of computer error; P.A. 90-230 corrected an omission; P.A. 93-431 amended
Subsec. (a) by requiring in Subdiv. (2) that the affidavit set forth facts sufficient to show that there is probable cause that
a judgment "in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the amount of the prejudgment
remedy sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims or set-offs," will be rendered in favor of the plaintiff
and by providing in Subdiv. (3) that the form of order require notice of the hearing "complying with subsection (e) of this
section" be given to the defendant, amended Subsec. (b) to require that the plaintiff represent in his application that there
is probable cause that a judgment "in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the
amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims or set-offs," will be
rendered in favor of the applicant and to provide that the order require the plaintiff to give notice to the defendant "in
accordance with section 52-278c of the general statutes" and that "such notice as is required under subsection (e) of section
52-278c" be served upon the defendant, added Subsec. (e) requiring the application to be accompanied by a notice and
claim form and specifying the language concerning the rights of the defendant contained therein, added Subsec. (f) requiring
the notice and claim form to contain the name and address of any third person holding property of the defendant who is
to be made a garnishee and the procedure to contest the application or claim an exemption, and added Subsec. (g) authorizing
a defendant to request a hearing and specifying the manner in which a hearing may be requested, effective January 1, 1994;
P.A. 00-99 replaced reference to sheriff and deputy sheriff with state marshal in Subsec. (b), effective December 1, 2000;
(Revisor's note: The references in Subsec. (b) of this section to the date "19.." were changed editorially by the Revisors
to "20.." to reflect the new millennium).
Cited. 172 C. 577, 583. Cited. 173 C. 426, 428, 429. Cited. 176 C. 432, 434 434−436. Cited. 181 C. 524, 525. Cited.
184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 185 C. 37, 39. Cited. 186 C. 329, 330. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 196 C. 359, 361. Cited. 200 C.
406, 410. Cited. 208 C. 13, 19. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g also cited. Id. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373. Cited. Id., 541,
552. Not unconstitutionally vague on its face. 224 C. 29, 30, 32−34, 36, 37. Cited. 226 C. 773, 774, 784. P.A. 93-431 cited.
Id. Cited. Id., 812, 814.
Cited. 1 CA 188, 192. Cited. 4 CA 510, 511. Cited. 14 CA 579, 580, 582. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g also cited. Id. Cited.
21 CA 661, 663, 664. Cited. 25 CA 28, 31. Cited. 27 CA 621, 625. Cited. 28 CA 809, 811, 818. Cited. 32 CA 118, 126,
128, 130, 132. Cited. 33 CA 223, 225, 228. Cited. 34 CA 303, 304. Cited. Id., 801, 802. Cited. 39 CA 149, 152. Cited. Id.,
183, 199. Cited. 45 CA 324. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Cited. 33 CS 693. Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
Subsec. (a) (formerly (A)):
Subdiv. (2) (formerly (b)) cited. 172 C. 577, 582, 583; 181 C. 524−526; 193 C. 174, 175; 196 C. 359, 363. Subdiv. (2)
cited. 203 C. 475, 479. Subdiv. (1) cited. 208 C. 13−15, 19. Subdiv. (2) cited. 213 C. 612, 620.
Subdiv. (2) Cited. 3 CA 404, 407; 5 CA 90, 91; 6 CA 180, 183. Subdiv. (2) cited. 11 CA 420, 423. Subdiv. (2) cited.
33 CA 223, 225, 228. Cited. Id., 223, 225, 229.
Subsec. (b) (formerly (B)):
Cited. 178 C. 393, 398.
Cited. 27 CA 621, 625, 626.
Subsec. (c):
Cited. 21 CA 661, 664. Cited. 34 CA 801, 803.
Subsec. (d):
Cited. 33 CA 223, 224.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(b) The clerk, upon the granting of the application for prejudgment remedy, shall
deliver to the applicant's attorney the proposed writ, summons and complaint for service
of process. If the court does not grant the application for any reason, including the failure
of the plaintiff to serve the defendant, only a summons and complaint may be issued
and served. In either event, the plaintiff may alter the return date of the writ, summons
and complaint or the summons and complaint, as the case may be. No additional entry
fee shall be collected upon the return of such action to court unless the prejudgment
remedy or application for such prejudgment remedy was dismissed or withdrawn pursuant to the provisions of section 52-278j.
(c) If an application for a prejudgment remedy is granted and the defendant moves
the court for a stay, the court may, if it determines justice so requires, stay such order
if the defendant posts a bond, with surety, in a sum determined by such judge to be
sufficient to indemnify the adverse party for any damage which may accrue as a result
of such stay.
(d) At any hearing on an application for a prejudgment remedy held pursuant to
this section or upon motion of the defendant at any time after the granting of such
application, the defendant may request that the plaintiff post a bond, with surety, in an
amount determined by the court to be sufficient to reasonably protect the defendant's
interest in the property that is subject to the prejudgment remedy against damages that
may be caused by the prejudgment remedy. If the court grants the defendant's request,
the bond shall provide that if judgment in the matter is rendered for the defendant or if
the prejudgment remedy is dismissed or dissolved, the plaintiff will pay to the defendant
damages directly caused by the prejudgment remedy.
(e) In determining whether to grant a request for a bond and, if granted, the amount
of the bond to be set, the court shall consider the nature of the property subject to the
prejudgment remedy, the methods of retention or storage of the property and the potential
harm to the defendant's interest in the property that the prejudgment remedy might
cause.
(f) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (d) and (e) of this section, the
court shall waive any bond or lower the amount of any bond ordered pursuant to subsection (e) of this section, upon request for such a waiver by an indigent plaintiff, if, after
hearing and a consideration of the probability that a judgment will be rendered in the
matter in favor of the plaintiff, the potential harm to the defendant's interest in the
property that the prejudgment remedy might cause, and the likelihood that the defendant
will dissipate such property prior to judgment, the court finds that the plaintiff should
be entitled to the protections of a prejudgment remedy.
(P.A. 73-431, S. 4, 8; P.A. 75-530, S. 32, 35; P.A. 76-21, S. 4; 76-401, S. 1, 7; P.A. 86-403, S. 85, 132; P.A. 93-431,
S. 2, 10.)
History: P.A. 75-530 deleted provision allowing plaintiff reimbursement for entry fee if he does not serve the writ,
summons and complaint upon his request; P.A. 76-21 qualified provision prohibiting collection of additional entry fee
upon return of action to court by adding "unless the prejudgment remedy or application for such prejudgment remedy was
dismissed or withdrawn pursuant to the provisions of section 52-278j"; P.A. 76-401 divided section into Subsecs., added
language of P.A. 76-21 amendment to provision re grant of requested or modified prejudgment remedy applied for in
Subsec. (a), clarified provisions re clerk's delivery of writ summons and complaint and re service of summons and complaint
where court fails to grant the application and added Subsec. (c) re stay of order; P.A. 86-403 made technical change in
Subsec. (a); P.A. 93-431 amended Subsec. (a) to replace in Subdiv. (1) the issue of "whether or not there is probable cause
to sustain the validity of the plaintiff's claim" with "whether or not there is probable cause that a judgment in the amount
of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any
defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff", add Subdiv. (2) re whether the
judgment is secured by insurance, add Subdiv. (3) re whether the property is exempt from execution, add Subdiv. (4) re
whether the plaintiff should be required to post a bond or the defendant should be allowed to substitute a bond, and to
require the court to take into account "any defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, claims of exemption and claims of adequate
insurance", and provide that the court shall grant the prejudgment remedy if it finds the plaintiff has shown probable cause
"that such a judgment will be rendered in the matter in the plaintiff's favor in the amount of the prejudgment remedy
sought" rather than probable cause "to sustain the validity of his claim" and finds "that a prejudgment remedy securing
the judgment should be granted", amended Subsec. (c) to replace "If a prejudgment remedy is issued" with "If an application
for a prejudgment remedy is granted", added Subsec. (d) authorizing a defendant to request the plaintiff to post a bond and
specifying the provisions of such a bond, added Subsec. (e) specifying the factors a court shall consider in determining to
grant a request for a bond and in setting the amount of such a bond, and added Subsec. (f) requiring the court to waive or
lower a bond when requested by an indigent plaintiff and upon finding that the plaintiff should be entitled to the protections
of the prejudgment remedy, effective January 1, 1994.
Cited. 172 C. 577, 582, 583. Cited. 173 C. 426, 428. Cited. 176 C. 432, 434−436. Cited. 181 C. 42, 45, 46; id., 524,
525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 185 C. 37, 38. A hearing on prejudgment remedy application under section is not occasion
to test plaintiff's rights against garnishees. 186 C. 329, 334, 336. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 200 C. 406, 410. Cited. 203
C. 475, 478. Cited. 208 C. 13, 19. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g also cited. Id. Cited. 218 C. 162, 163. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370,
371, 373. Cited. Id., 541, 552. Not unconstitutionally vague on its face. 224 C. 29−39. Cited. 226 C. 773, 774, 781, 782,
784, 786, 787. P.A. 93-431 cited. Id. Cited. 229 C. 455, 456. Cited. 236 C. 746, 747.
Cited. 1 CA 93, 94; Id., 519, 520. Cited. 4 CA 510−512. Secs. 52-278a 52-278a−52-278g cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited.
21 CA 661, 667. Cited. 26 CA 804, 805. Cited. 28 CA 809, 811, 812, 818. Cited. 32 CA 118, 128, 130, 132. Cited. 34 CA
216, 217, 219. Cited. 39 CA 183−185, 187, 197, 199, 200, 203, 204. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Quantum of proof needed for prejudgment remedy less than that required to sustain final judgment. 30 CS 337. Cited.
38 CS 98, 102.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 186 C. 329, 332. Cited. 189 C. 333, 335. The hearing in probable cause is not contemplated
to be a full scale trial on the merits of the plaintiff's claim. 193 C. 174, 175. Cited. 196 C. 359, 363. Cited. 203 C. 475,
479. Cited. 213 C. 612, 620. Cited. 224 C. 483, 486. "Or as modified by the court" encompasses the power to require
whatever security is constitutionally necessary. 226 C. 773, 785, 787, 788. Cited. Id., 812, 813, 815−817.
Cited. 1 CA 188, 192. Cited. 3 CA 404, 407. Cited. 5 CA 90, 91. Cited. 6 CA 180, 182. Cited. 11 CA 420, 423. Cited.
25 CA 16, 18. Cited. 26 CA 804. Cited. 31 CA 652, 657. Cited. 32 CA 118, 126. Cited. 34 CA 22, 24. Cited. 34 CA 216,
217. Cited. Id., 303, 307. Cited. Id., 801, 804. Cited. 39 CA 183, 185, 186, 201, 203. Subdiv. (4) cited. Id., 183, 203. Cited.
41 CA 750.
Subsec. (b):
Cited. 33 CA 223, 224. Cited. 34 CA 801, 804.
Subsec. (c):
Cited. 226 C. 773, 787, 788.
Cited. 39 CA 183, 203.
Cited. 42 CS 460, 467.
Subsec. (d):
Cited. 39 CA 183, 203, 204.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(b) If a prejudgment remedy is issued pursuant to this section, the plaintiff shall
include in the process served on the defendant a notice and claim form, in such form as
may be prescribed by the Office of the Chief Court Administrator, containing the following language: YOU HAVE RIGHTS SPECIFIED IN THE CONNECTICUT GENERAL STATUTES, INCLUDING CHAPTER 903a, WHICH YOU MAY WISH TO
EXERCISE CONCERNING THIS PREJUDGMENT REMEDY. THESE RIGHTS INCLUDE THE RIGHT TO A HEARING (1) TO OBJECT TO THE PREJUDGMENT
REMEDY BECAUSE YOU HAVE A DEFENSE TO OR SET-OFF AGAINST THE
ACTION OR A COUNTERCLAIM AGAINST THE PLAINTIFF OR BECAUSE THE
AMOUNT OF THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY ALLOWED BY THE COURT IS
UNREASONABLY HIGH OR BECAUSE PAYMENT OF ANY JUDGMENT THAT
MAY BE RENDERED AGAINST YOU IS ADEQUATELY SECURED BY ANY
INSURANCE THAT YOU MAY HAVE; (2) TO REQUEST THAT THE PLAINTIFF
POST A BOND IN ACCORDANCE WITH SECTION 52-278d OF THE GENERAL
STATUTES TO SECURE YOU AGAINST ANY DAMAGES THAT MAY RESULT
FROM THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY; (3) TO REQUEST THAT THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY BE DISSOLVED OR MODIFIED OR THAT YOU BE ALLOWED
TO SUBSTITUTE A BOND FOR THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY; AND (4) TO
SHOW THAT ANY PROPERTY SUBJECT TO THE PREJUDGMENT REMEDY
IS EXEMPT FROM SUCH A PREJUDGMENT REMEDY.
(c) The notice and claim form required by subsection (b) of this section shall contain
(1) the name and address of any third person holding property of the defendant who is
subject to garnishee process preventing the dissipation of such property, and (2) a statement of the procedure set out in subsection (d) of this section for requesting a hearing
to move to dissolve or modify the prejudgment remedy.
(d) A defendant may move to dissolve or modify a prejudgment remedy allowed
pursuant to this section by any proper motion or by return to the Superior Court of a
signed claim form that indicates, by the checking of a box on the claim form, whether
the claim is an assertion of a defense, counterclaim, set-off or exemption, an assertion
that any judgment that may be rendered is adequately secured by insurance, an assertion
that the amount of the prejudgment remedy is unreasonably high, a request that the
plaintiff be required to post a bond to secure the defendant against any damages that
may result from the prejudgment remedy, or a request that the defendant be allowed to
substitute a bond for the prejudgment remedy.
(e) The court shall proceed to hold a hearing and determine any motion made under
subsection (d) of this section not later than seven business days after its filing. If the
court determines at such hearing requested by the defendant that there is probable cause
that judgment will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff and, if the plaintiff
has relied on a ground set forth in subsection (a) of this section, that there is probable
cause to believe such ground exists, the prejudgment remedy granted shall remain in
effect. If the court determines there is no probable cause to believe that a judgment will
be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff or, if a ground set forth in subsection
(a) of this section was relied on, to believe such ground exists, the prejudgment remedy
shall be dissolved. An order shall be issued by the court setting forth the action it has
taken.
(f) No prejudgment remedy for the attachment of real property of a municipal officer
may be granted pursuant to this section in any civil action against such officer for an
act or omission, not malicious, wanton, wilful or ultra vires, on the part of such officer
while acting in the discharge of his duties where such officer would be protected and
held harmless from financial loss and expense under the provisions of section 7-101a.
(P.A. 73-431, S. 5, 8; P.A. 76-401, S. 2, 7; P.A. 85-394; P.A. 90-149, S. 3; P.A. 91-315, S. 1, 5; P.A. 93-431, S. 3, 10.)
History: P.A. 76-401 allowed issuance of prejudgment remedy without hearing if there is "probable cause to sustain
the validity of the plaintiff's claim", also requiring as possible conditions that remedy requested "is for an attachment of
real property" and that defendant "is not otherwise subject to jurisdiction over his person by the court"; P.A. 85-394 made
previous provisions Subsecs. (a) and (c) and added Subsec. (b) requiring the plaintiff to provide notice to the defendant
of the existence of certain statutory rights which the defendant may wish to exercise concerning the prejudgment remedy;
P.A. 90-149 added Subsec. (d) restricting the prejudgment attachment of real property of a municipal officer; P.A. 91-315
amended Subsec. (a) to replace "upon verification by oath of the plaintiff or of some competent affiant that there is probable
cause" with "upon the filing of an affidavit sworn to by the plaintiff or any competent affiant setting forth a statement of
fact sufficient to show that there is probable cause" and amended Subsec. (c) to require the court to hold a hearing and
determine the motion "not later than seven business days after its filing" rather than "expeditiously" and to provide that
the criterion for deciding whether the prejudgment remedy should remain in effect or be dissolved when the plaintiff has
relied on a ground set forth in Subdiv. (2) of Subsec. (a) is whether there is probable cause to believe such ground exists;
P.A. 93-431 amended Subsec. (a) to require that the affidavit contain facts sufficient to show that there is probable cause
"that a judgment in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an amount greater than the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in
favor of the plaintiff" rather than probable cause "to sustain the validity of the plaintiff's claim", and delete the provisions
allowing issuance of the prejudgment remedy without a hearing when the prejudgment remedy requested is for "an attachment of real property" or when there is reasonable likelihood that the defendant "neither resides in nor maintains an office
or place of business in this state and is not otherwise subject to jurisdiction over his person by the court" or "has stated he
is insolvent or has stated he is unable to pay his debts as they mature", amended Subsec. (b) to replace "If a prejudgment
remedy is granted" with "If a prejudgment remedy is issued" and substantially revise the language contained in the notice
advising the defendant of his rights including changing the basis on which the defendant may object to the prejudgment
remedy and adding the right to request the plaintiff to post a bond, inserted a new Subsec. (c) re contents of the notice and
claim form, designated the provisions of former Subsec. (c) re a motion to dissolve or modify as Subsec. (d) and amended
said Subsec. to specify the manner in which a defendant may move to dissolve or modify a prejudgment remedy, designated
the provisions of former Subsec. (c) re a court hearing as Subsec. (e) and amended said Subsec. to provide that the standard
at such hearing shall be probable cause that judgment will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff rather than
probable cause to sustain the validity of the plaintiff's claim, and relettered former Subsec. (d) as Subsec. (f), effective
January 1, 1994.
Cited. 172 C. 577, 582. Cited. 176 C. 432, 434−437. Statute "exhibits all the saving characteristics that the law of
procedural due process requires". 178 C. 393−397, 399−401. Cited. Id., 446, 447. Cited. 180 C. 49, 50. Cited. 181 C. 42,
44−46; id., 524, 525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 186 C. 329, 336. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 192 C. 150, 153. Plaintiff
may introduce at hearing additional evidence to buttress initial affidavit. 200 C. 406−409, 411. Cited. 203 C. 475, 478. "...
unnecessary to direct ex parte application to the court to which the action was returnable". 208 C. 13, 15, 17, 19, 20. Cited.
218 C. 512, 516. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373. Cited. Id., 541, 552. Cited. 223 C. 68, 75. Cited. 224 C. 29, 35. Cited.
226 C. 773, 784. P.A. 93-431 cited. Id.
The affidavit need not stand alone in determining probable cause; it is the hearing that decides the issue. 1 CA 188,
191, 192. Cited. Id., 349, 350. Cited. 2 CA 388−390. Cited. Id., 404, 405, 408. Cited. 4 CA 330, 331. Cited. 5 CA 90. Cited.
6 CA 7, 8, 10. Cited. 11 CA 289, 292−294. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited. 16 CA 700−702. Cited.
19 CA 85, 86. Cited. Id., 256, 260, 264. Cited. 20 CA 139, 140. Cited. 21 CA 661, 664. Cited. 28 CA 809, 811, 818, 820,
823. Cited. 29 CA 48, 54. Cited. 32 CA 118, 128, 130. Cited. 39 CA 183, 196, 197. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Cited. 35 CS 24, 25. Cited. 38 CS 98, 102, Cited. 39 CS 88, 89.
Subsec. (a):
Subdiv. (1): Since statute requires a factual showing that probable cause exists to sustain the validity of plaintiff's claim,
it comports with constitutional requirements. 180 C. 501, 503−505. Subdiv. (2) cited. 180 C. 501, 505. Cited. 218 C. 281,
294. Subdiv. 91) cited. Id., 281, 296. Cited. 223 C. 68, 70. Subdiv. (2)(D) cited. Id. Subdiv. (2)(E) cited. Id. Subdiv. (1)
cited. 224 C. 29, 35.
Subdiv. (2) cited. 1 CA 188, 191. Cited. 10 CA 618, 620. Cited. 21 CA 191, 192. Cited. Id., 661, 662, 664. Cited. 26
CA 251, 252.
Subdiv. (1) cited. 42 CS 241, 249. Cited. Id., 241, 251.
Subsec. (b):
Cited. 21 CA 661−664. Cited. 29 CA 48, 51.
Subsec. (c):
Cited. 218 C. 512, 525. Cited. 223 C. 68, 71.
Cited. 10 CA 618, 620. Cited. 21 CA 191, 192. Cited. 24 CA 169.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 73-431, S. 6, 8; P.A. 91-315, S. 2, 5; P.A. 93-431, S. 4, 10.)
History: P.A. 91-315 added Subdiv. (2) requiring the plaintiff to file an affidavit setting forth facts showing there is
probable cause to sustain his claim and Subdiv. (3) requiring the plaintiff to provide a notice to the defendant satisfying
the requirements of Subsec. (b) of Sec. 52-278e; P.A. 93-431 amended Subdiv. (2) to require the affidavit to contain facts
sufficient to show that there is probable cause "that a judgment in the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, or in an
amount greater than the amount of the prejudgment remedy sought, taking into account any known defenses, counterclaims
or set-offs, will be rendered in the matter in favor of the plaintiff" rather than that there is probable cause "to sustain the
validity of the plaintiff's claim" and amended Subdiv. (3) to add reference to Subsec. (c) of Sec. 52-278e, effective January
1, 1994.
Cited. 172 C. 577, 582. Cited. 176 C. 432, 434−436. Cited. 181 C. 524, 525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 188 C. 69,
88. Cited. 208 C. 13, 19. Secs. 52-278a−52-278g also cited. Id. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373. Cited. 226 C. 773, 784.
P.A. 93-431 cited. Id. Cited. 238 C. 778.
Secs. 52-278a−52-278g cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited. 28 CA 809, 811−813, 818, 823. Cited. 29 CA 48, 51. Cited. 32
CA 118, 128, 130. Cited. 42 CA 763. Cited. 46 CA 399.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 73-431, S. 7, 8; P.A. 77-156, S. 1, 2.)
History: P.A. 77-156 added provision specifying that prejudgment remedies not perfected on or before October 1, 1977,
are "void and of no effect".
Dissolution of attachments is limited to causes provided for by statute. This section does not require dissolution of
preexisting attachments, and is read as permitting validation of preexisting attachments. 168 C. 41. Cited. 176 C. 432,
434−436. Cited. 181 C. 42, 46; id., 524, 525. Cited. 184 C. 85, 89. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 208 C. 13, 19. Cited. 222
C. 361, 370, 371, 373.
Cited. 6 CA 591, 592, 594, 595. Cited. 14 CA 579, 582. Cited. 28 CA 809, 811, 818. Cited. 32 CA 118, 128, 130.
Notice sufficient to satisfy due process requirements involved in a prejudgment attachment is provided for in section
52-278g. 32 CS 13. Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 75-459, S. 2, 3.)
Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 222 C. 361, 370, 371, 373.
Cited. 2 CA 388, 389. Cited. 28 CA 809, 818. Cited. 32 CA 118, 130. Cited. 34 CA 22, 24. Cited. Id., 801, 804.
Application for prejudgment remedy "at any time after" institution of action intended by legislature to be a broad
expansion of time in which remedy could be used. 35 CS 49, 51. Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(1949 Rev., S. 8070; 1959, P.A. 28, S. 180; P.A. 75-459, S. 1, 3; P.A. 82-472, S. 139, 183; P.A. 86-403, S. 102, 132;
P.A. 93-431, S. 5, 10.)
History: 1959 act removed provisions granting justices of the peace same powers as those of court or judge under
section; P.A. 75-459 applied provisions to prejudgment remedies rather than to attachments of property, adding provisions
re form of application, hearing procedure and re applicability of Secs. 52-278e to 52-278g; Sec. 52-282 transferred to Sec.
52-278i in 1977; P.A. 82-472 made technical changes to internal section references; P.A. 86-403 made technical change;
P.A. 93-431 provided that the prejudgment remedy shall be granted if the court finds the defendant has shown probable
cause "to believe that judgment will be rendered in the matter in favor of the defendant" rather than "to sustain the validity
of his claim" and made technical changes, effective January 1, 1994.
Cited. 141 C. 55; 152 C. 641. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 226 C. 773, 784. P.A. 93-431 cited. Id.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(b) If an application for a prejudgment remedy is denied and the plaintiff, within
thirty days thereof, does not serve and return to court the writ of summons and complaint
for which the prejudgment remedy was requested, or if a date for a hearing upon a
prejudgment remedy is scheduled by the clerk and such hearing is not commenced within
thirty days thereof, except as provided in section 52-278e, the court shall order the
application to be considered as having been withdrawn.
(c) An application for a prejudgment remedy or a prejudgment remedy which is
granted but not served may be withdrawn in the same manner as a civil cause of action.
(P.A. 76-21, S. 1−3; P.A. 78-36; P.A. 91-315, S. 3, 5.)
History: P.A. 78-36 allowed application to be considered as withdrawn if hearing date is scheduled and hearing is not
commenced within ninety days of that date in Subsec. (b); P.A. 91-315 amended Subsec. (a) to reduce the time period
from "ninety days" to "thirty days" and to make the dismissal by the court mandatory rather than discretionary and amended
Subsec. (b) to reduce the time periods from "ninety days" to "thirty days" and to make the court's action in ordering the
withdrawal of the application mandatory rather than discretionary.
Cited. 186 C. 295, 297, 299 (Diss. Op.), 300 (Diss. Op.). Cited. 188 C. 69, 88.
Cited. 34 CA 303, 307.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 186 C. 295, 297.
Cited. 34 CA 303, 305.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 76-401, S. 3, 7; P.A. 91-315, S. 4, 5.)
History: P.A. 91-315 authorized the court to modify or vacate any prejudgment remedy "issued under this chapter"
using "the standards applicable" at an initial hearing, and made technical changes.
Cited. 180 C. 501, 504. Cited. 181 C. 42−46. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 218 C. 512, 516. Cited. 219 C. 620, 625.
Cited. 223 C. 68, 73. Cited. 238 C. 172.
Cited. 2 CA 388−390. Cited. 11 CA 289, 293, 295. Cited. 16 CA 700, 702. Cited. 39 CA 149, 150, 153, 154.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(b) No such appeal shall be taken except within seven days of the rendering of the
order from which the appeal is to be taken.
(c) No such order shall be stayed by the taking of an appeal except upon the order
of the judge who made such order, and any such stay shall be granted only if the party
taking the appeal posts a bond, with surety, in a sum determined by such judge to be
sufficient to indemnify the adverse party for any damages which may accrue as a result
of such stay.
(d) If a motion to discharge such prejudgment remedy is brought by the defendant,
the property affected by such remedy may be restored to the use of the defendant, if the
defendant posts a bond with surety in an amount determined by such judge to be sufficient to indemnify the plaintiff for any damages which may accrue by the defendant's
continued use of such property, until such time as such motion is decided.
(P.A. 76-401, S. 4, 7.)
Cited. 181 C. 42, 45, 46. Implied power exists for trial court to grant extension of time within which to take an appeal.
182 C. 577, 578. Cited. 188 C. 69, 88. Cited. 192 C. 1, 7; Id., 150, 152, 153. Cited. 213 C. 612, 619. Cited. 220 C. 152,
156. Cited. Id., 904. Cited. 222 C. 331, 340. Cited. 223 C. 68, 73, 74. Cited. 224 C. 29, 31. Cited. 226 C. 757−764, 766,
767. Cited. Id., 773, 775, 781. Cited. 229 C. 455, 456. Cited. 230 C. 441, 447. Cited. 232 C. 216, 217. Cited. 233 C. 44,
63. Cited. Id., 153, 164. Cited. 236 C. 746, 748. Cited. 237 C. 339, 344. Cited. 240 C. 623.
Cited. 1 CA 519. Cited. 10 CA 144. Cited. 11 CA 289, 291, 293. Cited. 21 CA 661, 665. Does not apply to appeal of
a temporary injunction. 25 CA 28−30, 33. Cited 29 CA 48, 54. Cited. 34 CA 303, 304. Cited. 36 CA 469−471. Cited. 41
CA 737, 740, 741. Cited. 45 CA 324.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
Subsec. (a):
Cited. 181 C. 42, 45. Cited. 184 C. 85, 87. Subdiv. (1) cited. 218 C. 162, 163. Subdiv. (2) cited. 223 C. 68, 74. Cited.
226 C. 757, 761, 762.
Cited. 2 CA 388, 390. Subpara. (2) cited. Id., 388, 390, 391; 6 CA 622. Cited. 11 CA 289, 293. Cited. 39 CA 149, 150, 154.
Subsec. (b):
Cited. 181 C. 42, 46. Cited. 186 C. 329, 336. Cited. 223 C. 68, 75. Cited. 226 C. 757, 765−767. Cited. 235 C. 650, 656, 658.
Cited. 1 CA 188, 190. Cited. 10 CA 144. Cited. 21 CA 661, 665. Cited. 36 CA 469, 471. Cited. 41 CA 737, 741. Cited.
45 CA 324. Appeal that was filed nine months after order for a prejudgment remedy was granted is untimely. 53 CA 425.
Subsec. (c):
Cited. 226 C. 757, 766.
Cited. 6 CA 622, 624. Cited. 21 CA 661, 666. Cited. 28 CA 809, 814. Cited. 36 CA 469, 471. Cited. 41 CA 737, 741.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)
(P.A. 76-401, S. 5, 7.)
Cited. 188 C. 69, 88.
Cited. 38 CS 98, 102.
(Return to TOC) (Return to Chapters) (Return to Titles)